宽带协方差矩阵的多字典联合稀疏表示DOA估计

为了直接处理相干宽带信号和提高其波达方向估计的分辨率,提出一种基于宽带协方差矩阵的多字典联合稀疏分解估计方法。首先,利用多个频率点处的过完备基对其协方差矩阵进行稀疏表示,然后形成多个字典的多测量矢量稀疏表示模型,最后通过多字典稀疏表示系数的联合稀疏约束以求解稀疏反问题的形式实现宽带信号的波达方向估计。对于均匀线阵结构,多字典协方差矩阵稀疏表示系数的联合稀疏性使其不再受空域采样条件的限制,既可通过增大阵元间距提高分辨率,而又无空域混叠现象。通过对噪声功率的预估计抑制噪声,提高了波达方向估计的稳健性。另外,该方法与信号协方差矩阵的秩无关,对相干信号和不相干信号都适用。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。      

多径传播条件下宽带线性调频信号波达方向估计方法

针对信号出现多径传播情况时现有宽带信号波达方向（direction of arrival, DOA）估计方法性能下降的问题,提出了一种多径传播条件下宽带线性调频（chirp）信号波达方向估计方法,该方法将导向有效投影（steered effective projection, STEP）技术与宽带线性调频信号的时频特性相结合,对具有不同时频特性的信号分量进行分离,逐个处理,并以时频分布矩阵代替传统的协方差矩阵,从而构造有效噪声子空间,实现时域角度估计。本方法无需进行信号聚焦操作,因此理论上不受聚焦误差的影响。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

基于互相关抽样分解的分布式非圆信号DOA快速估计

在非相干分布式非圆信号波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用信号非圆特性后输出矩阵维数扩展带来的较大运算量问题,该文提出一种基于互相关抽样分解的DOA快速估计算法。该算法仅需要从子阵间的扩展互相关矩阵中抽样出少量行元素和列元素,构成两个低维子矩阵,进而通过低秩近似分解便可快速地同时求出左右奇异矢量,即分别对应两个子阵的信号子空间,避免了计算整个互相关矩阵及其奇异值分解运算;最后利用两个子阵信号子空间的旋转不变性通过最小二乘得到DOA估计。仿真分析表明,当行列抽样数大于信源数的两倍时,所提算法与直接基于互相关矩阵奇异值分解的非相干分布式非圆信号DOA估计算法性能相近,但复杂度得到了大幅度降低;而相比于传统的低复杂度非相干分布源DOA估计算法,所提算法利用信号非圆特性具有更高的估计性能。     

一种自动匹配的分布式非圆信号二维DOA快速估计方法

在相干分布式非圆信号2维波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用非圆特性后维数扩展带来的较大复杂度问题,且现有的低复杂度算法均需要额外的参数匹配,该文提出一种基于互相关传播算子的自动匹配2维DOA快速估计算法。该算法考虑L型阵列,在建立相干分布式非圆信号扩展阵列模型的基础上,首先证明了L阵中两个子阵的广义方向矢量(GSV)均具有近似旋转不变特性,然后通过阵列输出信号的互相关运算消除了额外噪声,最终利用子阵GSV的近似旋转不变关系通过传播算子方法得到中心方位角与俯仰角估计。理论分析和仿真实验表明,所提算法无须谱峰搜索和协方差矩阵特征分解运算,具有较低的计算复杂度,并且能够实现2维DOA估计的自动匹配;同时,相比于现有的相干分布式非圆信号传播算子算法,所提算法以较小的复杂度代价获得了性能的较大提升。     

空间非平稳噪声下的宽带DOA估计算法

投影子空间正交性测试(TOPS)法是利用子空间的正交性实现宽带信号DOA估计,而在空间非平稳噪声环境下子空间的正交性条件不再满足,尤其是在低信噪比或低快拍条件下子空间估计将出现较大误差,TOPS算法性能将急剧下降。针对该问题,提出了一种空间非平稳噪声下宽带DOA估计算法。该算法首先通过构造特殊对角矩阵将噪声从数据协方差矩阵中剔除,从而克服非平稳噪声对DOA估计的影响;然后利用平方TOPS法实现宽带信号DOA估计,消除了传统TOPS算法中的伪峰。该算法适用于空间非平稳噪声背景及低信噪比环境,提高了对角度相近目标的分辨性能;仿真实验表明了该算法的有效性。     

DOA estimation in unknown colored noise using covariance differencing and sparse signal recovery

A direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation algorithm is presented based on covariance differencing and sparse signal recovery, in which the desired signal is embedded in noise with unknown covariance. The key point of the algorithm is to eliminate the noise component by forming the difference of original and transformed covariance matrix, as well as cast the DOA estimation considered as a sparse signal recovery problem. Concerning accuracy and complexity of estimation, the authors take a vectorization operation on difference matrix, and further enforce sparsity by reweighted l1-norm penalty. We utilize data-validation to select the regularization parameter properly. Meanwhile, a kind of symmetric grid division and refinement strategy is introduced to make the proposed algorithm effective and also to mitigate the effects of limiting estimates to a grid of spatial locations. Compared with the covariance-differencing-based multiple signal classification （MUSIC） method, the proposed is of salient features, including increased resolution, improved robustness to colored noise, distinguishing the false peaks easily, but with no requiring of prior knowledge of the number of sources.     

基于非圆信号波达方向估计的最大似然算法

现有的非圆信号波达方向(DOA)估计算法基本都是子空间分解类的,如NC-MUSIC、NC-ESPRIT算法等。基于子空间拟合类的非圆信号DOA估计算法研究的不多。文中依据非圆信号的DOA估计数学模型,提出了基于非圆信号的DOA估计最大似然算法。通过计算机仿真,将基于非圆信号的最大似然算法与常规最大似然算法及基于非圆信号的MUSIC算法进行了性能比较。结果表明,该算法提高了方位估计的估计性能,对于估计精度要求很高、用户比较密集的场合,能发挥很大的作用。     

A New Approach for Estimating the Number of Sources Under the Coexistence of Circular and Various Noncircular Sources

Estimation of source number is a fundamental problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In the problem of DOA estimation under the coexistence of circular and various noncircular signals, the source number should be estimated in order to distinguish the signal subspace from the noise subspace. Thus, a new method for source number estimation is proposed in this paper. Using the approach of k-means clustering, the projections of a one-dimensional reduced covariance matrix are divided into two categories. Then the signal subspace and the noise subspace are separated by the optimal classification boundary of those two categories so as to obtain the equivalent source number. Simulation results show that the proposed method has relatively better performance even in low SNR or in a colored noise environment.     

基于稀疏表示的相干分布式非圆信号的参数估计

基于稀疏表示技术,该文提出一种相干分布式非圆信号的参数估计新方法。该方法将信号的非圆特性引入分布式信源模型,充分利用非圆信号的特性,联合阵列输出协方差矩阵和椭圆协方差矩阵,并将其矢量化之后表示在受制于稀疏限制的过完备字典上;然后将DOA估计转化为一个稀疏重构问题,能够一次性求解出中心DOA和角度扩展。仿真结果表明,该方法适用于各种非圆率的非圆信号,具有较好的信噪比性能和分辨力,所提出的方法还能对圆和非圆信号同时存在的情况进行有效估计。     

宽带独立信号和相干信号的DOA估计

当独立信号和相干信号共存时,传统四阶累积量方法无法估计出宽带相干信号的来波方向(DOA),针对这个问题提出了一种新方法。该方法首先通过离散傅里叶变换,将宽带阵列接收数据分解为若干个窄带信号,构造出各个窄带频率处的自相关矩阵,再通过MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法估计出各个窄带信号的DOA,将各个窄带信号的空间谱相加求平均,通过谱峰搜索得到宽带独立信号的DOA;然后分离出独立信号的信息,构造出一个只包含宽带相干信号信息的矩阵,最后通过稀疏重构的方法估计出相干信号的DOA。计算机仿真结果证明该算法的正确性和有效性。     

Covariance matrix based fast smoothed sparse DOA estimation with partly calibrated array

To solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for partly calibrated array, a new gain-phase error matrix estimation scheme and a smoothed sparse signal reconstruction method tailored for the complex-valued covariance matrix are proposed. In the proposed method, DOA estimation is achieved by employing the structure of the covariance matrix for the error matrix estimation and the complex-valued gradient matrix based fast non-convexity data reconstruction. The proposed method has much faster computational speed than other sparse DOA estimation methods with partly calibrated array. In addition, simulation results show that it performs well and is independent of the errors.     

Wideband DOA estimation from the sparse recovery perspective for the spatial-only modeling of array data

This communication utilizes a sparse recovery technique named “least absolute shrinkage and selection operator” (LASSO) to formulate and solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field wideband sources. The spatial-only modeling for wideband array output is employed when the sources have flat spectra, and the DOA estimation problem in this model can be transformed into a sparse recovery problem. Via the LASSO technique, an optimization problem is constructed and solved by second-order cone (SOC) programming to obtain the DOA estimates. Numerical simulations are also provided in contrast with those existing algorithms using the spatial-only model.     

基于空频解耦的宽带DOA估计算法

宽带波达方向(DOA)估计是宽带阵列信号处理领域的热点问题,当宽带信号的距离分辨率与宽带孔径可比拟时,孔径渡越效应会成为影响宽带波达方向估计精确度的重要因素。基于宽带阵列信号在空域与频域间呈现线性耦合的特点,利用梯形变换进行解耦处理,并对解耦后数据相干积累进行 DOA估计。实验结果表明,通过对宽带孔径渡越效应的消除,宽带 DOA估计精确度显著提高。该算法具有较低的计算复杂度和较高的 DOA估计精确度,是一种有效的宽带 DOA估计算法。     

基于时频子空间分解的宽带线性调频信号DOA估计

针对具有时变方向向量的宽带线性调频信号,该文建立了基于短时Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)的空间时频分布矩阵,通过对各个空间时频矩阵的特征分解获得对应的信号子空间和噪声子空间,给出了基于时频子空间投影实现多个时频点综合估计信号DOA的算法。利用空间时频分布的前后向平滑解决了具有相同时频特性信号的均匀线阵DOA估计问题。算法不需要聚汇和插值等复杂的矩阵变换,精度较高,计算简便.仿真实验显示该算法性能显著优越于基于矩阵插值的宽带调频信号DOA估计算法.     

基于Toeplitz矩阵重构算法的宽带相干信号方位估计

根据天线阵列接收到的数据,提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的宽带相干源方位估计算法.该算法先由Toeplitz 阵列接收到的数据得到包含波达方向信息的协方差矩阵,再对该协方差矩阵进行聚焦处理,得到同一频率的阵列协方差矩阵,最后由高分辨子空间处理方法得到宽带相干信号的波达方向估计.仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性.     

一种适用于小样本的迭代多重信号分类算法

当样本数不足时,由采样协方差矩阵特征分解得到的噪声子空间偏离其真实值,使得多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法目标角度(DOA)估计性能下降。为了解决这个问题,该文提出了一种迭代算法通过校正信号子空间来提高MUSIC算法性能。该方法首先利用采样协方差矩阵特征分解得到的噪声子空间粗略估计目标角度;其次基于信源的稀疏性和导向矢量的低秩特性,由上一步得到的目标角度以及其邻域角度对应的导向矢量构造一个新的信号子空间;最后通过解一个优化问题来校正信号子空间。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地提高了子空间估计精度。基于新的信号子空间实现MUSIC DOA估计可以使得性能得到改善,且在低样本数下改善尤为明显。     

DOA estimation of noncircular signals for coprime linear array via locally reduced-dimensional Capon

We investigate the issue of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of noncircular signals for coprime linear array (CLA). The noncircular property enhances the degree of freedom and improves angle estimation performance, but it leads to a more complex angle ambiguity problem. To eliminate ambiguity, we theoretically prove that the actual DOAs of noncircular signals can be uniquely estimated by finding the coincide results from the two decomposed subarrays based on the coprimeness. We propose a locally reduced-dimensional (RD) Capon algorithm for DOA estimation of noncircular signals for CLA. The RD processing is used in the proposed algorithm to avoid two dimensional (2D) spectral peak search, and coprimeness is employed to avoid the global spectral peak search. The proposed algorithm requires one-dimensional locally spectral peak search, and it has very low computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm needs no prior knowledge of the number of sources. We also derive the Crámer-Rao bound of DOA estimation of noncircular signals in CLA. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm.     

A novel direction-of-arrival estimation method for wideband signals

A simple and novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for wideband signals is proposed. The proposed method estimates DOAs according to a covariance matrix which is constructed by summing up the covariance matrices of various frequency bins. It provides a lower computation complexity and a better performance compared to the traditional wideband DOA methods. This new idea is inspired by the concept of focusing transformation, and its validity is theoretically proved. A technique to determine an optimal focusing frequency is also introduced. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

基于二项分布改进的宽带压缩频谱检测方案

宽带压缩频谱检测存在依赖稀疏度先验信息和信号重构时延较高的问题.因此,本文提出了一种高效可靠的宽带压缩频谱检测方案.首先,推导出了基于二项分布精确置信区间改进的稀疏度估计模型.其次,利用稀疏度估计上下界改进了稀疏度自适应匹配追踪算法.最后,提出了一种宽带压缩频谱检测方案.仿真结果表明,本文所提出方法可以同时精确的估计信号稀疏度的上下界,提高了频谱检测的效率和可靠性,加快了算法的收敛速度.     

宽带相干信源DOA估计算法

针对现有宽带相干信源DOA估计算法存在的问题,提出了一种解决宽带相干信源空间谱估计的新方法。简述了宽带阵列信号模型以及投影子空间正交性测试(TOPS)方法,并深入分析了TOPS不能适应相干信号的实质。通过将矩阵共轭重构算法引入TOPS算法中,解决了TOPS算法不能处理相干信号的问题。此方法不仅提高了抗相干信号的能力,而且在聚焦中不需要角度的预估计。数值仿真实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。