离子筛型锂吸附剂的吸附性能研究

研究了自制粒状离子筛型锂吸附剂的吸附容量、洗脱性能和重复吸附洗脱时的稳定性。结果表明，吸附剂在纯锃盐溶液中的锂离子吸附容量为15．63mg／g，在海水中的锂离子吸附容量为5．68mg／g；洗脱剂盐酸的浓度越高，对吸附剂中锂离子的洗脱率越高，但同时离子筛的溶损率加大；吸附剂循环吸附洗脱时，吸附与洗脱性能较稳定，并可重复使用。     

天然沸石吸附剂的除铅性能研究

天然佛石经活化后，对废水中的Pb(2+)有较强的吸附作用。结果表明，吸附剂504用量10g／LH2O，吸附120分钟．为适宜的反应条件。当Pb(2+)浓度为207mg／L时，吸附率可达99．5％，吸附容量为32．03mg／g且较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温式：Q＝5．56C1.84。     

好氧颗粒污泥吸附重金属Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

以好氧颗粒污泥作为一种新型的生物吸附剂，对水中Cd^2＋进行吸附研究。分析了初始Cd^2＋浓度、初始污泥浓度以及pH值对吸附的影响。试验表明，Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程都能拟合试验所得吸附数据。当溶液温度维持在25℃时，pH值为6～7时具有较好的吸附效果。在此条件下，当Cd^2＋的质量浓度为5～150mg／L．吸附时间为4h时．颗粒污泥最大吸附容量为69．7mg／g，最大去除率为95．9％。这说明颗粒污泥是一种有效的、经济的处理含Cd^2＋废水的生物吸附剂。     

新型合成聚合物重金属离子吸附剂及其吸附性能

阐述了新型聚合物重金属离子吸附剂的合成与改性及其对水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)等重金属离子的吸附性能。这些聚合物重金属离子吸附剂对低浓度的重金属离子表现出了较好的吸附能力，其中聚合物吸附剂PGHyFeO—COOH对mg／L级的Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为211．4mg／g、155．0mg／g、147．2mg／g。这些吸附剂的吸附速度也较快，平衡吸附时间一般在60min左右，有的甚至只有几分钟。新型聚合物重金属离子吸附剂在水处理工业中具有广阔的应用前景。     

复合CFS材料的制备及对活性艳红M／8B的吸附性能的研究

以壳聚糖、淀粉、沸石为原料制备了复合CFS材料,研究了该材料在静态条件下对活性艳红M／SB的吸附,探讨了温度、pH值、吸附时间、M／8B的初始浓度、吸附剂加入量等因素对吸附过程的影响。最佳吸附条件分别为：温度50℃,pH值10．0,时间50min,初始浓度50mg／L,复合CFS用量为50mg,吸附率最大可达95．3％以上。复合CFS材料对M／8B的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,并且符合Freundlieh热力学方程。     

香草醛改性壳聚糖对水中Cu2＋，Pb2＋的吸附性能探讨

研究了香草醛与壳聚糖在pH值为6．8和5．5时,分别对水中Cu2＋,Pb2＋的吸附容量达到476．7mg／g和382．94mg／g。当吸附剂的用量小时,其吸附效果令人满意,可以作为自来水中祛除金属离子,净化水质的吸附剂。     

SiO_2/CS交联复合吸附剂的制备

研究了对二氧化硅加入壳聚糖(CS)、硅烷,进行改性、冷冻干燥制备气凝胶复合吸附剂,探索对Fe⁽²⁺⁾的吸附特性。吸附等温线符合Langmiur吸附模型,其最大吸附量333.3 mg/g,吸附常数0.75 L/mg。吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数1.056 10 g/(mg·min),吸附容量125 mg/g。交联剂和冷冻干燥处理,提高了SiO_2/CS吸附剂的吸附性能。     

SiO_2/CS交联复合吸附剂的制备

研究了对二氧化硅加入壳聚糖(CS)、硅烷,进行改性、冷冻干燥制备气凝胶复合吸附剂,探索对Fe~(2+)的吸附特性。吸附等温线符合Langmiur吸附模型,其最大吸附量333.3 mg/g,吸附常数0.75 L/mg。吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数1.056 10 g/(mg·min),吸附容量125 mg/g。交联剂和冷冻干燥处理,提高了SiO_2/CS吸附剂的吸附性能。     

纳米氧化镁/纤维素复合微球吸附水中阿莫西林

以天然高分子纤维素作为载体填充纳米氧化镁,采用滴落固化技术制得纳米氧化镁纤维素基复合吸附剂,用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射对其进行表征,研究了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液的pH值等因素对阿莫西林吸附效果的影响并进行解吸研究。实验结果表明,对初始浓度为60 mg/L的阿莫西林溶液,在pH=3的条件下,采用6g的吸附剂的吸附效果最佳,Langmuir最大吸附容量可达到6.26 mg/g,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir型等温吸附方程。重复使用8次仍具有较好的再吸附能力,具有较好的工业应用前景。     

新型复合吸附剂的制备及其对雌酚酮的选择性分离

以雌酚酮为模板剂 ,以丙烯酰胺和对乙烯基苯甲酸为单体合成出用于分离雌酚酮的新型复合吸附剂。对制备该吸附剂的最佳工艺条件进行了筛选。实验结果表明 :该吸附剂具有三维网状结构 ;对雌酚酮的最大静态吸附容量为 14 .6mg/ g ;最大比表面积为 2 6 4m2 /g ;最大孔径分布为 12nm左右 ;达到吸附平衡的时间为 8h ;符合Langmiur等温吸附规律。因此对雌酚酮具有较好的记忆选择性能、较高的吸附容量和吸附速率 ,适合用于雌酚酮的选择性分离     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。