中国模具工业现状和模具技术发展趋势

分析了我国模具工业的现状,针对模具工业亟待解决的十大关键问题,探讨了模具技术的主要发展趋势,提出发展我国模具工业的建议,强调建立我国模具工业新理念与新模式的重要性.     

11届国际模展海克斯康展品简介

第11届中国国际模具技术和设备展览会将于2006年5月8-12日在上海新国际博览中心举办,海克斯康测量技术(青岛)有限公司在展会上的展位号是A062,这里介绍几种公司参展的产品.     

浅析我国模具行业现状及发展趋势和对策

模具是机械、汽车、电子、通讯和家电等工业产品的基础工艺装备。作为基础工业,模具的质量、精度、寿命对其他工业的发展起着十分重要的作用,在国际上被称为“工业之母”,对国民经济的发展起着毋庸置疑的关键作用。 近10年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,作为各种工业品基础的模具工业,也得到了蓬勃发展,已成为国民经济建设中的一支重要产业。一切产品     

提高模具技术水平的对策

我国加入WTO后,模具行业面对激烈挑战,迅速提高模具技术水平,势在必行。 1.基本技术状况及存在问题浅析 近年来,中央采取了一些优惠政策和扶植措施,使模具工业得到了较快发展。上世纪最后五年,模具工业产值每年递增15％,广东则达     

第九届中国国际模具技术和设备展览会现代模具制造技术评述

第九届中国国际模具技术和设备展览会(以下简称“模展”)展出了众多的新品、精品,体现了当代模具工业及其技术水平的强劲发展趋势,说明了模展将越办越好,越办越有生命力。本文就本届模展中的现代模具制造技术及设备进行评述。 一、加工中心与数控铣床 据不完全统计,本届参展的加工中心和数控铣床(不含经济型)共70余台,其中国外机床约28台;台湾机床约30台;大陆(包括合资、独资企业)约13台。参展厂商约44家,国外著名厂家如德国的德马吉(DMG)、斯宾纳(SPINNER)、海默(HERMLE);日本的马扎克(MAZAK)、牧野(MAKI-NO)、大隈(OKUMA)、安田(YASDA);瑞士的米克朗(MIKRON)、威力铭-马科黛尔(WILLEMIN-MA-CODEL);美国的哈挺(HARDINGE)、法道(FADAL)、辛辛那     

第八届国际模具技术和设备展览会综述

2000年5月8日至12日在上海光大会展中心举办了第八届国际模具技术和设备展览会,展出面积1.6万m~2,规模为历届模具展之最。有来自德国、美国、意大利、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、英国、法国、澳大利亚、以色列、韩国、日本、南斯拉夫、香港特别行政区、台湾省和中国大陆等17个国家和地区约500家公司竞相展示各类先进的模具、模具制造设备及测试设备等。中国模具工业协会、中国机床总公司以及全国23个省市的模协分别组团,360多家中方企业踊跃参展,反映了我国模具生产技术方面的最新水平。 技术密集、体现当代模具技术水平的是汽车覆盖件模具,我国一汽模具制造有限公司、成飞汽车模具中心、天津汽车模具厂、东风汽车模具厂、长安汽车公司等均有产品展出。在模具制造加工工艺、CAD/CAM/CAE的     

橡胶工业努力实现发展和环保双赢目标

In-mold labeling technology has been applied for a long time at overseas, the in-mold label production and in-mold labeling machine application is very mature. Inmould label is a new form of label packaging different from a traditional form,     

增材制造技术在模具行业的应用现状及展望

增材制造技术由于其高度的设计和制造自由度,广泛应用于模具制造行业.根据增材制造技术的特点和优势,分析了增材制造技术在直接模具制造、间接模具制造和模具修复中的应用,并展望了增材制造技术在模具行业的应用趋势.     

采用快速成型技术,降低模具制造商重要的时间和成本

快速原型结合3D Keltool Process,降低了最重要的时间和成本由于技能熟练的技工数量越来越少,而全球竞争不断加剧,使得位于英国的ModelPatterns公司采用比传统技术更先进的方法来实现更快,成本更低地生产高质量注塑模具。ModelPatterns发现3DSystems公司的3D Keltool Process的解决方案,能极为快速且有效地为自己的客户群秤多种复杂效果的工具。     

浅谈丁基胶塞模具技术的发展

胶塞模具是胶客生产过程中必备的精度要求高、加工难度大的专用装备.分析了胶塞模具技术特点,说明了制定胶塞模具标准的必要性,提出了胶塞模具发展方向.     

再制造/制造系统集成物流网络及信息网络研究

在再制造与制造集成系统中，传统的物流网络不再适用。为了解决该问题，研究了再制造／制造系统物流网络的结构，给出了其物流网络的混合整数规划模型，并通过案例进行了分析。该模型特点是：网络结构为闭环网络；正向物流中统筹考虑再生品和新产品的物流分配，再生品和新产品可以相互替代。同时，基于Internet／Intranet／Extranet技术，探讨了对再制造／制造系统物流网络的运行具有重要作用的信息系统的组成。     

Dry friction and wear of toughened zirconias and toughened aluminas against steel

The unlubricated friction and wear behavior of toughened zirconias and toughened aluminas against hardened steel was studied using the Falex ring-and-block technique. Three experimental ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ ceramics, two commercial ZrO₂-MgO ceramics and two commercial Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ ceramics were investigated. Each ceramic was tested at 500 rev min⁻¹ (92 cm s⁻¹) and 2000 rev min⁻¹ (367 cm s⁻¹) at normal loads in the range 2.3–40.8 kgf. The materials characteristics of the ceramics before test, the features of the tested samples, and the friction and wear data are presented and related. Under mild wear conditions, all the ceramics exhibited low wear, with the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ samples having the lowest. The wear of the toughened zirconias exhibited a strong sensitivity to sliding speed, while the toughened aluminas did not. Also, the lower toughness ceramics were susceptible to macroscale structural damage (cracking and chipping) even when the overall wear was low. Micro structural examination of a tested friction pair (ring, ceramic block and wear debris) has shown that the wear process is very complex, encompassing many mechanisms which are described. A generalized wear equation relating wear to load, sliding speed and sliding time is proposed.     

卷烟中铅和镉的测定及评价

目的：选择某种品牌卷烟6种产品,分别进行测定卷烟中铅和镉的含量。方法：这两种重金属污染物采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。结果：这6种卷烟中铅的质量浓度分别为4.2591ug/g、3.4663ug/g、4.0298ug/g、4.5284ug/g、4.0750ug/g、2.9540ug/g;镉的质量浓度分别为0.0867ug/g、0.0667ug/g、0.0741ug/g、0.0821ug/g、0.0763ug/g、0.0716ug/g。结论：卷烟中的铅和镉的质量浓度都未超过这两种重金属引起机体损伤的阈值浓度,但长期吸烟接触会对机体产生确定性的损伤效应。     

Carbon-fibre reinforced magnesium alloys: nanostructure and chemistry of interlayers and their effect on mechanical properties

The micromechanical fracture behaviour of C/Mg–Al composites of varying interface reactivity was investigated by scanning electron microscope bending tests. Structure and chemistry of fibre/matrix interlayers were studied down to the atomic scale by imaging and spectroscopical transmission electron microscope techniques (high-resolution electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, parallel-recording electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy). The chemical reactions at the fibre/matrix interfaces of the C/Mg–Al composites were found to form plate-shaped carbidic precipitates, mainly Al₂MgC₂, which strongly influence the composite's mechanical properties by changing the fibre/matrix bonding strength.     

Dental gallium alloy composites studied by SEM and TEM

Analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) studies of dental gallium alloys have been carried out. The Ga alloys were made by triturating a LU powder (Ag–Sn–Cu rich alloy powder) and a GF powder (Ag–Sn–Cu–Pd rich alloy powder) with a liquid Ga alloy containing Ga, In and Sn. The dental materials were found to be composites consisting of remaining, undissolved particles from the Ag-based alloy powders in a matrix of reaction products with the Ga alloy. SEM studies have been carried out to give an overview of the composites. The distribution of the elements was found by the X-ray mapping technique. The phases in the matrix and the remaining alloy particles have been identified by electron diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The following phases were identified in the LU alloy: orthorhombic Ag₃Sn, cubic Ag₉In₄, tetragonal β-Sn and hexagonal Ag₂Ga. In addition to these well-known phases Ga-rich regions were observed consisting of an intergrowth of tetragonal CuGa₂ and one of the cubic γ-Cu₉Ga₄ phases. In addition to these phases cubic Ga₇Pd₃ was found in the GF alloy. The anomalous setting expansion of the GF alloy may be explained by the presence of Ga₇Pd₃.     

Friction coefficient and wear rate of sputter-deposited thin films and plasma-sprayed thick coatings at high temperatures in room air

Silver, calcium fluoride (CaF_x with x = 1.85) and chromium-carbon (Cr₃C₂) thin films were deposited onto various tribological test specimens by sputtering. The friction properties of sputter-deposited Ag and CaF_x single layers as well as Ag/CaF_x multilayer films were determined by ball-on-disk tribological tests conducted in room air under various experimental conditions. The tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear rate) of sputter-deposited CaF_x films were also determined at 500°C by pin-on-disk tribological tests performed with pin specimens made of cobalt-based alloy (alacrite). Chromium-carbon films sputter-deposited onto alacrite disk and counterfaces were found to be of interest for reducing the formation of alacrite wear debris in the wear tracks; thus reduced friction coefficient and wear rate values were obtained. The friction behavior of sputter-deposited CaF_x/Cr₃C₂ thin bilayer structures and plasma-sprayed (PS) chromium carbide/Ag/BaF₂-CaF₂ eutectic composite coatings (PS-212 type coatings) was investigated by plane-on-plane tribological tests conducted in room air at 500°C and 700°C. The friction performance of solid lubricant thin bilayer films was compared with that of thick PS-212 type coatings similar to coatings developed by NASA.     

Tribological and electrochemical performances of Cr/CrN and Cr/CrN/CrAlN multilayer coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

CrN/CrAlN and Cr/CrN/CrAlN multilayers were grown with dual RF magnetron sputtering. The application of these multilayers will be wood machining of green wood. That is why ball-on-disc and electrochemical tests in NaCl aqueous solution were realized to elucidate the tribological and corrosion behavior of these coatings as they will be exposed to wear and corrosion during wood machining process. The samples/alumina and samples/WC coupling showed different wear mechanisms. The 300 nm thick Cr/CrN/CrAlN multilayer demonstrated the best tribological behavior and corrosion resistance. The influence of growth defects on corrosion resistance has been shown.     

基于特征性子离子和中性丢失快速筛查和识别食品中唑类和有机磷类农药

采用基于中性丢失和子离子的敞开式离子化技术,结合高分辨二级质谱,建立了一种快速、便捷地筛查和识别食品中唑类（三唑类、咪唑类、吡唑类）和有机磷类农药的分析方法。通过对待测物在质谱中产生的子离子和中性丢失行为进行归纳,建立了待测物的共性特征子离子和中性丢失库,以及辅助定性子离子和中性丢失库。配合适宜的制样方式、敞开式电离源和数据处理方式,可实现对唑类和有机磷类农药的筛查和识别。该方法快速准确,适用于多种类型食品中唑类和有机磷类农药的检测。     

High-Temperature Friction and Wear of Boron Steel and Tool Steel in Open and Closed Tribosystems

More and more components in automotive, material processing, and mining industries are operating under harsh conditions involving high temperatures and high contact pressures. Tribotesting for such applications is done using both open (one surface meeting a fresh countersurface) and closed (one surface follows the same track on the countersurface) test configurations. In order to enable development of new materials and processes intended for such conditions, there is a need for better understanding pertaining to tribological phenomena occurring under these different test configurations.

In this work, friction and wear characteristics of quenched and tempered tool steel sliding against boron steel (22MnB5) have been studied. The experiments were conducted using a specially designed hot strip tribometer (HST) under dry conditions at room temperature and 400°C in open as well as closed configurations. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray techniques were carried out to analyze the worn surfaces. Additionally, the results from the closed test configuration were compared to previous tests carried out with the same materials and parameters using a pin-on-disk (POD) test rig. The results have shown that wear was reduced at higher temperatures as well as with repeated sliding on the same contacting surfaces (i.e., closed configuration) compared to those with an open configuration. A good correlation of wear mechanisms and coefficient of friction between closed configuration tests and those carried out with the POD test rig were observed especially at 400°C.     

A PC-based system integrating CMM and CAD for automated inspection and reverse engineering

A personal computer (PC)-based system integrating a manual CMM and a CAD system has been developed for on-line capture of 3D point data, resulting in the automation of the inspection process. The sequence of steps taken to measure a master component using the CMM is stored in a measurement program in teach mode and replayed for repetitive measurement of a batch of identical components in the replay mode. The measurement program guides the CMM operator regarding the geometric entity to be measured, the number of points to be input and the direction to be followed for taking the points on the CMM. The operator has simply to follow the sequence displayed on the computer screen. The program automatically computes the dimensions and the deviations from the corresponding dimensions of the master component. The 3D measurement data from the CMM are transferred to a CAD system in real time. Programs have been developed to create 3D cubic splines and surfaces from the 3D point data taken on the CMM. The full features of the CAD software can be used to manipulate the 3D point data for CAD applications.