关于公路工程测量监理工作浅论

在目前工程建设施工监理行业中,测量监理是一项非常重要而又必不可少的工作。为了提高施工质量,规范建筑工栏的作业标准,急需制定一个符合工程施工实际并切实可行的测量监理工作规程。简要介绍了整个工程施工过程中的测量监理步骤,同时,还论述了测量监理的主要职责及其施工测量监理的方法及注意事项。工程施工测量的主要任务是采用专用测量器具,通过一定的技术方法把设计图纸的位置、数据、几何形状真实的放样到实地。其测量放样的成果直接影响着工程建设项目的质量等级、结构、安全及建成后的功能。因此,测量监理是工程建设项目监理工作中最关注也是最重要的工作之一。     

Evaluation of an Emerging Market in Subsurface Utility Engineering

Subsurface utility engineering (SUE) is a fast growing industry segment in the civil engineering arena. Subsurface utility engineering is gaining credibility as a significant tool to reduce the risk from informational uncertainty associated with underground facilities in a construction project. Subsurface utility engineering can minimize the risk primarily through mapping existing underground utility facilities, utilizing surface geophysical technologies, surveying and data management systems. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of SUE to facilitate a better understanding of this emerging industry by the many in the construction domain that are relatively unfamiliar with it. Topics investigated include quality levels in SUE, incorporation of SUE strategy at different stages in the construction project, and cost–benefit analysis of SUE based on 71 actual construction projects where SUE was employed. In addition, the results obtained from questionnaire surveys of State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and the SUE industry are analyzed, which reveal the trend of state DOTs in the use of SUE and various aspects of SUE business in private sectors.     

Construction Engineering Management Educators: History and Deteriorating Community

The history of construction engineering and management education closely follows the emergence of the construction industry as an economic force in the United States. The initial introduction of programs in the post-World War II era was followed by specialization and the introduction of graduate construction specialties in the early 1960s. However, the lack of qualified individuals was recognized as a factor in successfully developing the construction engineering management (CEM) focus as an academic discipline. Today, that concern continues as CEM programs in the United States find themselves under attack by academic colleagues for issues such as lack of qualified faculty candidates and lack of funding opportunities. This paper addresses the status of the construction academic community by examining the common history of the CEM faculty through a genealogical approach, the historical research record through an examination of the publication record, and the questions that face a community that has appeared to slip from its intellectual peak.     

Innovations in Nuclear Concrete Construction

The technical requirements and scope of concrete work on nuclear projects present significant engineering and construction challenges. These demands represent the extremes in many areas of construction operations. In meeting these challenges, engineering and construction forces have developed several innovations which can be beneficially applied to other types of construction. Innovative approaches in the general categories of engineering scope, construction input to engineering, work planning, special methods and techniques, and satisfaction of quality assurance requirements are given in this paper. The transfer of this technology to other segments of the construction industry will improve overall performance by avoiding the problem areas encountered on nuclear projects.     

地质灾害防治工程勘查与设计质量控制

现如今经济社会高速发展,各项建设工作也在快速推进。然而与此同时,地质灾害问题却频繁发生,对社会建设各项活动开展以及人们生产生活,造成非常严重的影响,还威胁到人们的生命财产安全。地质灾害问题,现已成为影响社会经济可持续发展的重要阻碍因素。由此,地质灾害防治工程建设显得越发重要起来,地质灾害防治工程,为了有效应对地质灾害发生而建设的具有防护性和治理性的工程措施,为了保证地质灾害防治工程建设质量,必须要充分重视地质灾害防治工程勘查与设计工作,这是地质灾害防治工程建设必不可少的重要环节,应当予以高度重视,在实际工作当中,质量监督管理工作人员,要对自身职责与义务充分明确,并将此项工作作为日常工作的第一要务,更好地保证地质灾害防治工程整体质量,控制和减少地质灾害造成的不良影响。     

Determination of Key Performance Indicators with Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Engineering Construction Firms

The study focuses on developing a unified approach to define information specificities for key performance indicators (KPIs). Borrowing from the time-system theory, the paper defines different types of KPI and identifies that a KPI has two dimensions—knowledge specificity and time specificity. Different approaches are presented to analyze knowledge and time sensitivities. This paper addresses a key question related to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems applications in the engineering construction industry: what are the areas of business processes within the engineering construction industry where ERP cannot be used to collect KPIs related to business processes? The writers review empirical and specialized processes within the construction industry to identify business processes not covered by existing ERP systems. A survey focused on qualitative aspects of ERP systems implementation in engineering construction firms was conducted among ERP-enablers in the construction industry and provided a basis for the presented case study. Data collected are from major engineering and construction firms in the United States and therefore the results are relevant for researchers and industry practitioners concerned with application of enterprise management systems in the respective firms.     

Basic Research Needs in Construction Engineering

The National Science Foundation and the Construction Research Council of the American Society of Civil Engineers sponsored a workshop for leading academic researchers to discuss basic research needs in the construction industry. The workshop, held at The University of Michigan, dealt with issues within five primary categories: (1) Definition of basic research in construction engineering and management; (2) basic research needs in construction engineering management; (3) construction engineering analysis and design; (4) construction engineering uncertainty; and (5) construction engineering human resource management. The participants identified a list of items of a basic nature that require research to develop the theoretical underpinnings of construction practice. A summary of the list of research needs is reported in the paper.     

关于岩土工程基础施工中深基坑支护施工技术的相关分析

我国现代化建设的步伐逐渐加快,为拉动国民经济水平提升奠定了基础,同时也满足了社会生产生活的实际需求。岩土工程基础施工工作,会对整个工程项目的质量产生直接影响,因此受到人们的高度重视。尤其是深基坑支护施工,是基础施工的主要内容,应该保障施工质量与安全性,防止给人们的生命财产带来严重损失。因此,应该对深基坑支护施工的技术要点进行控制,满足工程的整体规划要求。本文将通过介绍岩土工程基础施工中深基坑支护施工技术的特点,结合实例分析其应用方法。     

Factors Affecting Engineering Productivity

Engineering performance has a major impact on subsequent project phases, such as procurement and construction, and thus, has the potential to affect the overall project outcome. This study utilizes metrics and a database from the Construction Industry Institute (CII) benchmarking and metrics program to investigate relationships between factors thought to affect direct engineering labor productivity during detailed engineering. Collaborating with industry practitioners, quantitative assessments were analyzed with industry input through various CII committee meetings and industry forums. Significant correlations are found between engineering productivity and project size, project type, project priority, and phase involvement. Correlations are also found between degree of modularization, funded front-end planning effort, and quality management and engineering productivity. These findings extend and, in some cases, contradict previous research.     

Educational Partnership to Establish Engineering/Construction Management Graduate Programs in Algeria

This paper describes a partnership between the University of Missouri–Rolla and the Université Abou-Bekr Belka?d de Tlemcen in Algeria in order to support the development of programs of instruction and faculty training in Algeria in the areas of engineering and construction management in order to create a self-sustaining educational infrastructure in Algeria. Specifically, the partnership aims to provide educational and technical assistance to Algeria in order for them to develop: (1) new graduate programs in engineering and construction management and (2) modern teaching methodologies including Internet and distance learning. Objectives of the partnership were to provide engineering and construction management skills and expertise in order to achieve international standards in the management area. The desired impact is summarized in terms of the ability to identify operations problems and implement solutions for improved strategic competitiveness, make sound decisions, plan, and control the key resources of an organization—money and people, critically analyze, evaluate, improve, or adapt existing technical and managerial systems, design and develop new technical and managerial systems, and coordinate different projects with a better harmony and cost effectiveness. The long-term expected outcomes of the partnership are Algerian faculty with strong backgrounds in engineering and construction management, a self-sustained learning environment for Algerian institutions, including engineering management and construction management graduate programs, continuing education, and short courses, and Internet-based multimedia teaching material for collaboration between the Algerian institutions and local industry.     

谈建筑工程质量问题分析与控制方法

建筑工程质量管理与控制是保证工程质量优劣的首要前提,工程质量的优劣不仅关系到企业的生存发展,而且关系到国家和人民群众的生命财产安全。为确保建筑工程项目施工质量的提高,本文根据自己多年从事建筑工程监理的经验,结合建筑工程的施工质量控制,分别从产生质量问题的原因、控制方法和案例分析这三个方面提出了建筑工程项目施工质量控制应注意的问题。     

Web-Based Decision Support Systems: Case Study inProject Delivery

The decentralized nature of the construction industry contributes to difficulties in the implementation and dissemination of project management-based decision tools. The majority of decision support systems (DSS) are contained in-house with private developers and users, or on researchers stand-alone computers and academic journals. Current World Wide Web technologies provide the appropriate means for large-scale implementation and continued development of DSS for the architectural, engineering, and construction community. This paper documents a DSS developed specifically for design∕build project selection among United States public sector agencies. The system, the Design∕Build Selector (DBS), is Web enabled, allowing for easy access and large-scale dissemination. Design∕build project procurement is rapidly expanding throughout public sector agencies in the United States construction industry. As public agencies turn to design∕build, appropriate project selection is a primary consideration affecting successful delivery. Prior to the implementation of DBS, there was no systematic or formalized method for selecting projects appropriate for design∕build. Since 1997, the Web site that houses the DBS has been visited by over 4,000 people, and the DBS tool has been used on 102 projects representing over $4.8 billion in construction. This paper reports on the application and potential for Web-based DSS in civil engineering. The architecture of the program, data collection, model weighting, and output interface are explained.     

Construction Engineering and Management Undergraduate Education

Construction education is not new. It was a part of the practical aspects of many early civil engineering degree programs. As early as the 1920's, specializations in construction engineering were found in a few civil engineering programs, paralleling structural engineering and other areas. However, the gradual need for more specialization than could normally be integrated in the civil engineering degree eventually led to the formation of some construction specialty degree undergraduate programs, particularly after World War II. This paper documents the historical evolution of construction education, promotes construction as a stand-alone professional engineering discipline, provides information for schools that are interested in starting an undergraduate construction engineering and management (CEM) degree program, and discusses the engineering accreditation aspects of the CEM curriculum and the role of the construction industry in the CEM curriculum development.     

钢筋混凝土结构裂缝分析与防治

多年来,在工程建设领域一直存在着钢筋混凝土结构的裂缝问题,这是个相当普遍的质量问题也是个迫切需要解决的技术难题,本人从设计、施工、材料等方面结合自己的实践经验分析了成因并提出防治办法。     

Total Quality Management Implementation in the Egyptian Construction Industry

Total quality management (TQM) has been recognized as a successful management philosophy that can be successfully implemented in the construction industry. By examining the Japanese contractors working in Egypt and comparing their managing systems to the local ones, a comparative analysis of the two contractors working in the Egyptian field is presented in this paper to illustrate how TQM can be implemented effectively in the Egyptian construction industry. Bearing in mind the location bound nature of the production process, the competitive bidding, which emphasizes cost and the absence of the quality culture of the clients, subcontractors and site operatives are some of the constraining factors for implementing the quality policy. Based on the research findings, the paper presents some features of the Japanese construction industry that could be implemented in the Egyptian field in addition to a new model for TQM implementation that appropriates the Egyptian construction industry.     

Construction Engineering Requirements for Integrating Laser Scanning Technology and Building Information Modeling

Laser scanning for rapid spatial data acquisition is an established technology in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector with a wide range of applications. An understanding of the wide variation of technical requirements and considerations associated with these applications is critical to decision making about laser-scanning implementation on projects. Furthermore, significant industry transformations in the use of building information modeling present extraordinary opportunities for AEC professionals to employ the use of laser scanning in the context of holistic, collaborative workflows grounded in three-dimensional model-based design. This report analyzes the construction engineering requirements of laser scanning technology for applications across all phases of the project life cycle and proposes a multidisciplinary framework to integrate applications of laser scanning technology with the fundamentals of three-dimensional model-based design.     

电力工程施工管理存在问题及对策

电能质量优劣对钢铁企业稳定运行具有重要意义。而电力工程施工质量的好坏,直接影响着电力系统的稳定可靠运行。本文从柳钢实际出发,对电力工程施工管理现状及存在问题进行分析,提出提高施工管理效果的相应对策。     

加强岩土工程地质勘察技术措施的探析

在目前现状下,岩土工程原有的工程施工规模日益呈现突显的扩大趋向。针对岩土工程如果要着眼于保障工程质量,则需要将地质勘察置于首要地位。通过全面施行地质勘察的途径与手段,应当能够全面探明岩土工程当前所处的基本地质状况,据此给出因地制宜的工程施工措施。由此可见,有必要灵活选择多样化的岩土勘察手段,最终确保达到优良的岩土勘察实效。     

“融合协同”的绿色工程管理方法及应用

 绿色化、智能化已成为钢铁行业未来发展的共识,是中国钢铁行业引领世界钢铁行业的重要方向。针对“绿色化、智能化、品牌化”的新一代流程钢厂建设面临的全流程数字孪生、绿色技术集成、工程管理创新等诸多问题,河钢集团积极探索钢铁工程的绿色化、数字化转型路径,在工程实践中建立了全流程多要素“融合协同”的绿色工程管理方法。形成了钢铁工程数字虚拟工厂与现实工厂的协同、绿色技术与工程设计的协同、过程管控与全要素资源动态的协同、工程数字与模块建造的协同等“四个协同”的具体方法支撑。据此方法建成的唐钢新区,从设计、建设到交付的全过程遵循冶金流程工程学理论,按照“绿色化、智能化、品牌化”的建设目标,以物质流、能量流、信息流的最优网络结构为方向,运用最新的钢厂动态精准设计、集成理论和流程界面技术,通过工序功能集解析优化、工序间关系集协调优化和流程工序集重构优化,构建信息物理融合系统,实现了唐钢新区产线连续紧凑、动态有序和产品质量窄窗口稳定运行。唐钢新区是在同时期、同类型钢铁工程中吨钢投资最低、建设工期最短、环保水平最高的新一代流程钢厂。全流程多要素“融合协同”的绿色工程管理方法的建立为钢铁工程的绿色化、智能化转型提供了借鉴。     

采矿工程的采矿技术及其施工安全管理

我国当前是世界上矿石资源进口大国,并且采矿业能够促进国民的经济效益发展。但是由于在采矿的过程当中具有风险性、不可预测性,以及施工的周围环境也比较特殊,因此导致采矿工程的采矿技术要求也比较高。当前我国越来越重视施工人员的安全问题,而想要使开采技术进一步得到提高,就必须将采矿工程的采矿技术与施工安全在实际开采过程当中进行有效的管理,进一步提高采矿作业的整体效率。本文就是一篇针对采矿工程的采矿技术以及施工安全管理进行了分析研究,希望可以促进采矿企业的进一步发展,以下文章,仅供读者参考、借鉴。