高速铁路框架型板式轨道动力学分析

建立了高速列车-框架型板式轨道的动力学模型.基于弹性薄板振动理论和加权余量法,推导了框架型轨道板关于振型坐标的常微分方程.对比分析了运行速度为300 km/h的CRH2-300动车组作用下框架型和平板型板式轨道动力响应,结果表明:两种轨道结构的钢轨垂向位移、钢轨支点反力差别不大,框架型板式轨道的轨道板垂向位移、CA砂浆动应力均大于平板型.分析了CA砂浆弹性模量、板下胶垫刚度对框架型板式轨道动力响应的影响,计算了框架型轨道板的动应力分布,结果表明:随CA砂浆弹性模量的增大,框架型轨道板垂向位移减小,CA砂浆动应力增大,对钢轨垂向位移和钢轨支点反力影响不大;增设板下胶垫可以有效降低CA砂浆动应力;框架型轨道板最大拉应力小于混凝土抗拉强度标准值,可保证强度.     

蒸发卷绕镀膜机几个关键技术问题的研究

针对蒸发卷绕镀膜机真空室内的压力变化、卷绕速度、送铝丝速度和薄膜沉积厚度之间的关系等关键技术问题,通过理论分析、设计计算,结合实践经验,研究了这些关键参数的计算结果和影响因素.     

平板支座抗震性能的有限元研究

为了研究水平荷载下不同砂浆层厚度的平板支座节点的抗震性能及受力机理,该文利用有限元软件ABAQUS,模拟分析了8个砂浆层厚度为0 mm~50 mm的平板支座节点在单调和循环荷载下的破坏模式及承载力曲线,并将模型破坏模式及极限承载力计算值与试验结果进行对比,结果证明该模型可有效对平板支座的滞回性能进行计算分析。有限元计算结果表明,随着砂浆层厚度增加,支座节点极限承载力降低,支座锚栓由剪切变形变为弯曲变形;支座锚栓近似均匀受力;循环加载下平板支座的承载力相比于单调加载降低约30%。在有限元参数分析的基础上,综合考虑了支座锚栓的破坏机制及支座锚栓的变形对平板支座水平承载力的影响,总结平板支座的水平承载力主要由支座锚栓承担的剪力、支座锚栓轴力的水平分量及摩擦力组成,提出了平板支座节点水平承载力的计算公式。同时,在公式中引入折减系数0.7,考虑循环加载对平板支座节点水平承载力的降低。     

基于ABAQUS CEL的高速水冲击载荷仿真与试验研究

针对水陆两栖飞机水箱汲水过程中形成的高速水流冲击问题，开展了高速水冲击载荷特性研究。提出了一种基于调节腔内气压的水冲击试验方法，通过调节储水容器内气压改变水流冲击速度，开展高速水流冲击试验研究；运用ABAQUS CEL数值仿真方法，预设水流初始速度，建立高速水流冲击的有限元模型，分析了水流速度和水管端部与平板间距对于冲击压力的影响。结果表明：数值仿真计算结果与试验结果相差不大，验证了该模型的准确性；水流速度越大，平板受到的冲击压力越大；水管端部与平板的间距越大，平板受到的水流冲击压力越小。     

平板回路型脉动热管启动阶段传热特性的试验研究

笔者搭建了平板回路型脉动热管可视化实验台对其启动特性进行试验研究。根据蒸发段与冷凝段之间的温差随时间的变化,将平板回路型脉动热管工作过程划分为启动、过渡和稳定工作3个阶段。试验结果表明:启动阶段传递的热量是显热;随着热负荷的增大,平板回路型脉动热管的启动时间逐渐缩短;最佳充灌率在50%左右,最佳倾斜角在50°～70°之间。工质的热物性对启动时间也有影响,λ越大,ρc越小,(dP/dT)sat越大,启动时间越短。     

立式降膜蒸发器的机理研究

研究了立式降膜蒸发机理,得知蒸发管路底部的未蒸发制冷剂流量与管子单位面积制冷量成反比,需要采用循环喷淋设备;制冷剂入口初始速度随管子单位面积换热量增大和管长增大而减小,初始液膜总厚度随液膜主流区初始速度增大而减小。采用射流泵作为循环喷淋设备后,可以节省液体循环泵的耗功。     

微间隙液体粘性阻力分析

微谐振器是微机电系统中应用最广泛的器件之一,由于加工工艺和环境潮湿等原因,在微间隙结构中常常会有液体存在,从而产生液体粘性阻力,对可动部件的运动、微器件性能的发挥产生影响.通过液体粘性阻力的分析,建立了上平板做简谐振动的微间隙液体粘性阻力模型,进行了理论计算及仿真分析.结果表明:液体粘性阻力随着平板振动的频率、最大振动速度、流体密度、流体动力粘度以及平板面积的增大而增大,而仿真分析得出的边界层厚度和流体对平板的剪切应力与理论值基本符合.     

基于Laval喷管的平板爆轰驱动近似解

将对称与非对称平板在滑移爆轰驱动下的运动与Laval喷管扩张段进行对比,利用Laval喷管的一维理论,推导出了对称与非对称平板在炸药爆轰驱动下的二维抛掷公式.对于气体多方指数γ≠3的情况,采用小参数摄动法进行了求解.理论与计算结果表明,在小抛掷角范围内,该方法有很好的计算精度.     

空化模型中的相变系数影响研究

利用数值计算的方法,对空化模型中的相变系数进行研究.将数值计算和实验数据进行分析和整理,分别获得蒸发系数和冷凝系数与空化数之间的依赖关系.通过比较半球头圆柱体的二维轴对称模型数值计算结果表明:不同空化数对应着不同相变系数.其中,蒸发系数和冷凝系数分别对主空泡、次生空泡、尾空泡等类型的空泡在形态、溃灭位置、溃灭强度等方面有较大影响.     

钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固混凝土梁的抗弯试验研究

为既保持钢丝网砂浆或小直径钢筋网砂浆加固混凝土构件的优点,又能大幅度提高被加固构件的承载力,提出钢筋(大直径)钢丝网砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的思路.进行了7根钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固梁和1根对比梁的抗弯试验研究,探讨了加固方式和加载方式对钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固梁抗弯性能的影响.试验研究表明,钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固能大幅度提高被加固梁的抗...     

CRTS Ⅱ型轨道板/CA砂浆界面内聚力模型研究

轨道板与CA砂浆层间离缝是CRTS Ⅱ型板式无砟轨道结构的主要病害之一。为描述轨道板-CA砂浆层间界面本构行为、揭示层间离缝机理,该文提出了一种改进指数型界面内聚力模型,并基于理论分析和试验数据确定了改进模型的参数取值。该模型为含有指数系数的分段函数,可以表征层间界面拉力-位移关系的非线性特征。研究结果表明:改进指数型内聚力模型可以高效计算轨道板-CA砂浆界面内聚强度、损伤萌生时界面相对位移和界面临界断裂能,结果与试验值基本一致;改进指数型模型可以较为准确地模拟轨道板-CA砂浆界面的法向和切向开裂行为。     

Early age volume change of cement asphalt mortar in the presence of aluminum powder

Cement asphalt mortar (CA mortar) is a highly flowable grouting material used in the slab track structure. CA mortar is required to possess a volume expansion rate of 1.0–3.0% after 24 h to guarantee a desired filling effect. This is achieved by the incorporation of aluminum powder (AP). The article investigates the volume change of CA mortar under various AP dosages, temperatures and asphalt emulsion/cement ratio (A/C). Results indicate that when AP is absent, volume shrinkage of 1.8–3.0% is noted at temperatures of 10–30°C; upon the addition of 0.013–0.021% AP, CA mortar undergoes slight volume shrinkage before 4 h, and then keeps expanding until about 24 h after which volume expansion slows down gradually; the expansion rate of CA mortar is greater, the lower the temperature is, and also the higher A/C is.     

水泥砂浆流变学性能的评价方法

提出Ｕ型流动法评价水泥砂浆塑性粘度,运用流变学对Ｕ型流动法作了理论分析。结果表明,当浆体的剪应力屈服值较小时,该方法的测量参数与浆体的塑性粘度之间有线性关系。该方法可用来评价预填骨料混凝土用砂浆及其它剪应力屈服值较小的Ｂｉｎｇｈａｍ体的塑性粘度。     

A novel method to evaluate the setting process of cement and asphalt emulsion in CA mortar

Cement and asphalt mortar (CA mortar) is the key component in the structure of Shinkansen slab track and serves as the elastic shock-absorber. A new method was put forward to evaluate the setting process of cement and asphalt emulsion (CAE) in CA mortar. It was noted that the setting process was governed by several factors such as cement types, cement/asphalt emulsion ratios (C/AE ratio). Results also indicated that the setting process of CAE was faster, the higher proportion of cement content was; the early age strength and the separation rate of CA mortar could be improved by using cement of high early age strength and rapid hydration rate, or a blended cement with ordinary Portland cement partially replaced by sulfoaluminate cement, or by increasing C/AE ratio. Nevertheless, the replacement ratio of ordinary Portland cement by sulfoaluminate cement should not exceed 15% and C/AE ratio should be not less than 0.8.     

高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆加固RC板抗爆性能试验研究

为了研究高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆对钢筋混凝土(RC)板的抗爆加固效果,对5块加固RC板和1块未加固RC板进行了野外现场爆炸试验,研究了砂浆强度、钢丝绳间距、钢丝绳预应力和界面增设销钉等因素对试件的破坏形态、裂缝分布及发展、跨中位移、钢筋应变等影响规律,并对爆炸试验后的试件进行了剩余承载力试验和爆炸损伤评估。研究表明:高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆加固能显著提高RC板的抗爆性能,相比于未加固板,加固板的裂缝宽度,板底跨中的峰值位移、残余位移和钢筋应变均大幅减小;加固后,构件剩余承载力大幅增加,其损伤程度大为降低。     

混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料弯曲韧性与纤维增强指数的定量关系

基于掺加CaCO₃晶须的混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料梁和板四点弯曲试验,提出了确定弯曲韧性指标与纤维增强指数（S）关系的数学公式。S考虑了纤维抗拉强度和机械锚固性能对混杂纤维/水泥复合材料弯拉性能的影响,物理意义明确。公式为二次函数形式,可以反映混杂纤维体系对混杂纤维/水泥复合材料增韧效果,而通过确定二次函数极值,能对纤维配比进行优化。该数学模型对钢-合成纤维和钢-植物纤维增强水泥复合材料均有良好的适用性,且无需考虑基体（水泥砂浆或混凝土）和试件形状（梁或板）。另外,该公式不仅适用于指定挠度处弯曲韧性和等效抗弯强度表征的韧性指标,对ASTM C1018规定的弯曲韧性指标,如I₅、I₁₀、I₃₀和I₅₀等也同样适用。     

Characteristics of cement-soil mortars

Cement-soil mortars are commonly used for the construction of soil-cement block masonry. The paper focuses on an experimental study in understanding the various characteristics of cement soil mortars in fresh and hardened state. Workability, strength, water retentivity, shrinkage and stress-strain characteristics of cement soil mortars and bond strength of soil-cement block couplets using such mortars are examined. Characteristics of 1:6 cement mortar and 1:1:6 cement lime mortar are also examined for the purposes of comparison. Workability of mortars has been quantified by conducting flow table tests. Results of flow values obtained for mortars from various construction sites are reported. There is a linear relationship between flow and water cement ratio of the mortars. Flow increases with increase in water-cement ratio. Very high flow value of 130% can be achieved for cement soil mortars and cement lime mortars. Reduction in flow value from 100% to 80% leads to increase in strength and modulus of mortars. Clay fraction of the mortar mix controls the flow, strength, density, shrinkage value and modulus of cement soil mortars. Cement-soil mortars lead to better tensile bond strength for soilcement block couplets when compared to the cement mortar and cement lime mortar.     

Rheological behaviour of ultra-high performance cementitious composites containing high amounts of silica fume

This study investigates the rheological behaviour of ultra-high performance cementitious composite mortars containing 15–25 % of silica fume. The utilization of two Portland cements with different mineralogical compositions and their influence on yield stress of mortar was monitored. The coaxial rheometer was used for determination of flow curves of tested samples. It was found that besides the relation between flow and water-to-binder ratio, there is also a substantial relationship with the mortar composition, in particular with the content of silica fume. The yield stress can be described by an exponential function of volume content of solids in the mortar. Such a function can describe not only the influence of granulometry but also the impact of structure formation on early age Portland cement hydration. It was found that the estimation of yield stress can be done even by a simple modular in-field technique such as a spread flow test.     

Recycling petroleum coke in blended cement mortar to produce lightweight material for Impact Noise Reduction

This work introduces a new way to use low-cost petroleum (pet) coke as lightweight aggregate in cement mortars to make sound barriers. The feasibility of adding pet coke in cement matrix was investigated: an in-depth characterization of as-received coke and the new lightweight mortar was made. The acoustic behaviour herein was assessed by constructing a large dimension mortar slab (made of cement and coke as aggregate) used as floor covering and measuring, according to the procedure described in international standards, the impact noise pressure level over the range of frequencies 100–5000 Hz. Impact Noise Reduction (INR) was also obtained and the results were compared to the ones experimentally obtained from a control mortar slab (made of cement and sand). Results showed that coke addition leads to a decrease in mechanical properties of resultant mortars, this is principally due to an increase of the porosity (～60%). A gradual increase of impact noise insulation was observed in lightweight floor covering from middle to higher frequencies tested, reaching, within this range, a remarkable improvement of sound insulation compared to control slab (～14 dB).     

Recycling petroleum coke in blended cement mortar to produce lightweight material for Impact Noise Reduction

This work introduces a new way to use low-cost petroleum (pet) coke as lightweight aggregate in cement mortars to make sound barriers. The feasibility of adding pet coke in cement matrix was investigated: an in-depth characterization of as-received coke and the new lightweight mortar was made. The acoustic behaviour herein was assessed by constructing a large dimension mortar slab (made of cement and coke as aggregate) used as floor covering and measuring, according to the procedure described in international standards, the impact noise pressure level over the range of frequencies 100–5000 Hz. Impact Noise Reduction (INR) was also obtained and the results were compared to the ones experimentally obtained from a control mortar slab (made of cement and sand). Results showed that coke addition leads to a decrease in mechanical properties of resultant mortars, this is principally due to an increase of the porosity (∼60%). A gradual increase of impact noise insulation was observed in lightweight floor covering from middle to higher frequencies tested, reaching, within this range, a remarkable improvement of sound insulation compared to control slab (∼14 dB).