新型海洋防污剂的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了海洋生物污损的危害、海洋防污剂的发展历程及未来发展趋势,同时还介绍了目前效果较好的三种主流海洋防污剂,并对其作了展望,为新型海洋防污剂的研究提供借鉴。     

船舶防污涂料用新型防污剂的应用现状

船舶防污涂料使用的三丁基锡防污剂被禁止使用后,出现了一批新型防污剂。概述了这些新近出现的防污剂的应用情况,以及应用中存在的制约因素。     

海洋船舶防污涂料的研究进展

归纳并总结了目前世界各国先进的防污涂料及其防污剂的类型及特性,系统地阐述了防污涂料的经济意义及军事意义,以及未来环保涂料的发展趋势。     

新型海洋防污涂料的发展趋势

综述了海洋防污涂料的防污原理、防污方法及防污性能测试方法，介绍了防污剂、防污涂料的研究现状，并指出海洋防污涂料的应用前景及今后研究的重点。     

防污剂及防污涂料性能评价方法研究进展

防污剂是防污涂料起到防污作用的关键组分,而实验室加速评价方法是防污涂料成功研发的基本保障。简单介绍了常用防污剂的种类以及它们对环境的影响。详细阐述了近几年来研发的新型防污剂,如芦竹碱、二硫代酰胺化合物的作用机理。针对不同类型的防污涂料,列举了几种快速评价方法,简单介绍了实验室目前所用评价方法。并对防污涂料的发展作了展望。     

海洋防污涂料的发展

总结了海洋防污涂料的发展过程,重点介绍了目前所使用的防污涂料的优劣及今后防污涂料的发展趋势。     

海洋防污涂料基体树脂的现状和发展趋势

综述了防污涂料基体树脂的历史、现状和发展趋势,重点描述了防污涂料用的主流树脂技术和潜在可商业化的防污涂料树脂技术。     

海洋防污涂料

综述了海洋防污涂料防污性能的影响因素、配方设计要素，以及无毒防污涂料的种类和最新进展。     

新型海洋涂料技术

综述了符合时代要求的海洋涂料新技术及其发展趋势。     

Application of marine biotechnology in the production of natural biocides for testing on environmentally innocuous antifouling coatings

The widely recognized biofouling phenomenon has many negative consequences for artificial structures that are in contact with seawater in the form of structural defects and additional expenses for maritime companies due to cleaning and prevention processes. After having analyzed the serious environmental problems caused by an indiscriminate use of highly toxic biocides coming from organic derivatives of tin compounds and the uncontrolled emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) to the atmosphere, the evolving technology of antifouling paintings (further mandated by current environmental standards) aims to develop environmentally innocuous water-based coverings in which extracts of the very same marine world are used as biocide compounds. Water-based coatings are being developed that use low-toxic elements and natural biocides, where bacteria is isolated from surfaces immersed in the marine environment, creating a promising source of natural antifouling compounds. The result is a new environmentally friendly antifouling coating that is able to mitigate the problem of biofouling without affecting the surrounding medium, and which may be applied on any artificial structure in contact with seawater. An erratum to this article can be found at     

新型含氮环氧树脂研究进展

氮系阻燃剂具有高效、低毒(包括其分解产物)等优点,故已成为当今阻燃剂的发展方向。综述了氮系阻燃剂的特点及其阻燃机理,以及目前国内外对含氮环氧树脂(EP)和含氮阻燃固化剂的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

新型含磷环氧树脂的研究进展

有机和无机磷化物是新一代无卤、环保和绿色新型阻燃改性单体,可合成具有优异热稳定性、阻燃特性和物理机械性能的新型含磷环氧树脂。综述了DOPO的结构性能和化学反应性,以及以DOPO和氧氯化磷为原料合成新型含磷中间体和环氧树脂的结构、合成方法及性能等。     

A brief review of environmentally benign antifouling and foul-release coatings for marine applications

Antifouling coatings for ship hulls are a very important topic in coating research. They are essential with respect to fuel consumption of ships: without antifouling coating, biological species start to adhere to the ship’s exterior, leading to a gradual increase in fuel consumption. To date, the working principle of most of the paint systems applied is based on slow release of toxins in time (self-polishing coatings). In this article, we discuss the environmental impact of marine antifouling coatings based on quantitative data available from literature. In addition, we critically review hydrophilic antifouling and hydrophobic foul-release coatings as toxin-free alternatives and discuss their potential for replacing self-polishing coatings.     

Risks of using antifouling biocides in aquaculture

Biocides are chemical substances that can deter or kill the microorganisms responsible for biofouling. The rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry is having a significant impact on the marine ecosystems. As the industry expands, it requires the use of more drugs, disinfectants and antifoulant compounds (biocides) to eliminate the microorganisms in the aquaculture facilities. The use of biocides in the aquatic environment, however, has proved to be harmful as it has toxic effects on the marine environment. Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to the organotin compounds found in antifouling products after restrictions were imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT). The replacement products are generally based on copper metal oxides and organic biocides. The biocides that are most commonly used in antifouling paints include chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Sea-nine 211^®), Diuron, Irgarol 1051, TCMS pyridine (2,3,3,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulfonyl pyridine), zinc pyrithione and Zineb. There are two types of risks associated with the use of biocides in aquaculture: (i) predators and humans may ingest the fish and shellfish that have accumulated in these contaminants and (ii) the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This paper provides an overview of the effects of antifouling (AF) biocides on aquatic organisms. It also provides some insights into the effects and risks of these compounds on non-target organisms.     

新型防污涂料动态性能模拟研究

利用海水动态模拟实验装置模拟船舶航行时船舶水下船体防污涂料的实际服役工况,对无锡自抛光和低表面能两类环保型防污涂料进行动态性能模拟实验,定期测量防污涂料铜离子释放率、表面接触角、表面粗糙度、涂层厚度等各项性能,研究各项性能的动态变化规律,并对两类防污涂料达到一年防污期效的涂层厚度进行了计算。     

Bioactive materials for antifouling coatings

Marine fouling is the result of the settling and subsequent growth of marine organisms on surfaces immersed in seawater. The most successful principle in use today for the protection of ship's hulls against this unwanted growth is the release of bioactive materials from antifouling coatings.

Antifouling coatings containing a mixture of cuprous oxide and triorganotin compounds in combination with sophisticated release mechanisms are considered to be today's most efficient systems. However, ever since the first biologically active materials were introduced into antifouling coatings, a search for alternatives has been continuing. Until the mid-1970s this research mainly involved the development of biocides which could simply prolong existing drydocking intervals, i.e. prolong the period in which the ship was fouling free. During the last decade, however, environmental aspects have become a top priority in the development of new biocides for antifouling coatings.     

Urushiol titanium polymer-based composites coatings for anti-corrosion and antifouling in marine spray splash zones

Seawater is highly corrosive, and the alternating dry and wet environment can cause severe corrosion in metal equipment. Moreover, marine equipment is also seriously affected by marine biofouling. These harsh conditions pose a serious threat to the integrity of marine equipment as well as their associated maritime activities and necessitate the development of effective coatings to minimize damage to the equipment. Urushiol titanium polymer/acrylic resin (UTP/AR) composite materials were developed. Then, marine anti-corrosion and antifouling coatings were prepared from the UTP/AR composite materials using rosin-modified Cu₂O as an antifoulant. The composite coating with a UTP:AR mass ratio of 1:1 (UTP/AR3) showed the best chemical resistance and light aging resistance. UTP/AR3 also exhibited a good corrosion current density (2.009 × 10⁻⁷ A cm⁻²) and corrosion potential (−0.5007 V), further indicating that the UTP/AR composite coatings have excellent anti-corrosive properties. Marine field tests showed that the UTP/AR/Cu₂O composite coatings with rosin-modified Cu₂O contents less than 20% showed stable, long-term antifouling performance after immersion in seawater for 360 day. Briefly, the UTP/AR/Cu₂O composite coatings have broad application prospects in the marine industry for materials in the spray splash zone.     

舰船新型涂料的研究进展

介绍了新型船舶涂料的种类。综述了船舶用防污涂料、船体防锈涂料和舰用特种功能涂料包括吸波涂料、纳米隐身涂料和其它新型涂料(防滑涂层、潜艇特征信号控制涂层、新型光触媒涂料、新型室温可逆变色涂料、新型热防护涂料、热障涂层和溶胶-凝胶涂层等)的性能和研究状况。指出了其发展趋势。