Tool deflection and geometrical error compensation by tool path modification

Accuracy of CNC machined components is affected by a combination of error sources such as tool deflection, geometrical deviations of moving axis and thermal distortions of machine tool structures. Some of these errors can be decreased by controlling the machining process and environmental parameters. However other errors like tool deflection and geometrical errors that have a big portion of total error need more sophisticated solutions. Conventional error reduction methods are considered as low efficiency and human dependent methods. Most of recently developed solutions cannot fulfill workshop needs and are limited to research papers. In the present study, machining code modification strategy has been considered as an applicable and effective solution to enhance precise machined components. Appropriate tool deflection estimation model as well as geometrical error analyzing methods have been selected and complementary algorithms for compensation of these errors have been developed. Metal cutting process has been modeled in a 3D simulation environment and implemented in force/deflection calculations. A software has been developed to generate compensated tool path NC program by tracing the initial tool path and compensating deflection/geometry deviations. The new procedure developed in the present work has been validated by machining Spline contours. The results show that using the new method, accuracy of machined features can be improved by about 8-10 times in a single pass.     

三坐标数控机床误差补偿技术研究

分析了当前国内外误差补偿技术的研究现状，针对该技术仍存在三个主要问题，以多体系统理论为基础，建立了各种类型三坐标数控机床的运动模型，对数控机床进行误差补偿，通过对原始数控指令进行误差补偿处理，得到修正后的数控指令，实现对工件的精密加工。     

Accuracy improvement of miniaturized machine tool: Geometric error modeling and compensation

A novel capacitance–sensor based multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) measurement system has been developed for measuring geometric errors of a miniaturized machine tool (mMT) overcoming the size limitations. In the present work five geometric error components of a three-axis mMT are measured simultaneously along each axis and the squareness errors are determined by the slopes of straightness error profiles. Least-squares fitting method is used to represent the analytical models of geometric errors. A kinematic chain consisting of various structural members of mMT is introduced to establish the positional relationships among its coordinate frames. Based on this kinematic chain a general volumetric error model has been developed to synthesize all geometric error components of a miniaturized machine tool. Then, a recursive compensation method is proposed to achieve error compensation efficiently. Test results show that the positioning accuracy of miniaturized machine tool has been improved with compensation.     

五轴联动数控机床空间综合误差解耦技术研究

分析五轴联动机床的误差项和拓扑结构,给出伺服轴运动时理想情况和有误差情况下的坐标变换矩阵.以此为基础,给出五轴联动机床空间综合误差的计算方法.基于多体运动学的微分变换原理,给出五轴联动机床综合误差解耦算法.以某RTTTR型五轴联动机床为例,应用MATLAB进行实际综合误差解耦和补偿计算,结果验证了该解耦算法的正确性.     

数控机床定位误差的激光干涉法检测与补偿

用激光干涉法测量误差的原理,通过计算机控制的误差补偿系统对数控机床不的定位误差进行补偿,实验结果表明这种方法可以大幅度提高数控机床的定位精度。     

Accuracy enhancement of five-axis CNC machines through real-time error compensation

Although error modeling and compensation have given significant results for three-axis CNC machine tools, a few barriers have prevented this promising technique from being applied in five-axis CNC machine tools. One crucial barrier is the difficulty of measuring or identifying link errors in the rotary block of five-axis CNC machine tools. The error model is thus not fully known. To overcome this, the 3D probe-ball and spherical test method are successfully developed to measure and estimate these unknown link errors. Based on the identified error model, real-time error compensation methods for the five-axis CNC machine tool are investigated. The proposed model-based error compensation method is simple enough to implement in real time. Problems associated with the error compensation in singular position of the five-axis machine tool are also discussed. Experimental results show that the overall position accuracy of the five-axis CNC machine tool can be improved dramatically.     

机械手刀库安全控制研究

针对机械手刀库的安全隐患问题,编制了相应的安全程序,包括防止刀库运转计数错误、防止刀库机械手与主轴发生碰撞。经处理后的刀库应用于实践中,提高了机床的生产效率及精度,并延长了使用寿命。     

RBF云神经网络在数控机床刀具磨损状态识别中的应用

在数控机床加工过程中,刀具破损是造成加工设备损坏和加工安全事故的主要起因,且刀具的磨损对加工质量有着直接影响,因此,正确对数控机床的刀具状态进行识别有着重要的工程价值。提出一种云理论与RBF神经网络相结合的RBF云神经网络模型,该模型既有云理论的随机性和模糊性,又有RBF的学习、记忆能力。将其应用到数控机床的刀具磨损状态识别中,实验结果表明:该网络模型的精确度较高,具有较强实用性。     

Derivation of machine tool error models and error compensation procedure for three axes vertical machining center using rigid body kinematics

Volumetric positional accuracy constitutes a large portion of the total machine tool error during machining. In order to improve machine tool accuracy cost-effectively, machine tool geometric errors as well as thermally induced errors have to be characterized and predicted for error compensation. This paper presents the development of kinematic error models accounting for geometric and thermal errors in the Vertical Machining Center (VMC). The machine tool investigated is a Cincinnati Milacron Sabre 750 3 axes CNC Vertical Machining Center with open architecture controller. Using Rigid Body Kinematics and small angle approximation of the errors, each slide of the three axes vertical machining center is modeled using homogeneous coordinate transformation. By synthesizing the machine's parametric errors such as linear positioning errors, roll, pitch and yaw etc., an expression for the volumetric errors in the multi-axis machine tool is developed. The developed mathematical model is used to calculate and predict the resultant error vector at the tool–workpiece interface for error compensation.     

数控机床定位误差的补偿研究

数控机床的定位精度是决定其加工质量的关键因素。针对数控机床定位误差存在的累积性和重复性,提出了增量式误差补偿法,建立了通用的增量式误差补偿模型,并将其应用于由本实验室自主研发的"切线法数控成形非球面机床"中。经实验分析表明:增量式误差补偿法可以大幅地提高数控机床的定位精度。     

螺距误差补偿在提高数控转台定位精度中的应用

本文介绍了回转轴的螺距误差补偿原理和基于激光干涉仪的螺距误差测量系统,并讨论了这种螺距误差补偿方法在提高数控转台定位精度时所出现的问题和解决方案。     

基于补偿模糊神经网络的数控机床热误差预报模型

文章提出了一种基于补偿模糊神经网络的数控机床热误差预报模型,讨论了该模型的详细结构、模糊规则、训练算法及相关技术问题,并给出了智能预报结果和精度评价.     

五轴联动机床的误差补偿与优化研究

以五轴联动精密卧式加工中心为研究对象,首先阐述了五轴联动机床的圆度测试过程,对可能出现的测试结果给出分析与解决方法;从而得到具体的检测步骤以及相应的机床数据;最后讨论了同步龙门轴的调整问题.实验结果表明了所述方法的有效性.     

21世纪数控机床刀具材料的发展

论述数控机床刀具材料应具备的基本条件,介绍数控机床刀具材料的种类、特性和研究与应用等方面的内容,并阐述刀具材料的发展方向.     

直接基于点云数据的刀具轨迹生成

直接基于测量数据来获得刀具轨迹的方法操作简单、计算稳定、加工效率高,适应快速制造的发展趋势。论文利用ATOSII光学扫描系统获取模型点云数据,并对点云数据处理,采取直接对点云数据分层,研究了轮廓数据提取,加工区域识别以及刀具轨迹规划等关键问题。     

基于球杆仪的数控机床误差识别与补偿

论述了数控机床几何误差的球杆仪识别及软件补偿技术。提出了从Renishaw球杆仪测量数控机床的联动误差数据中识别反向间隙、直线度、垂直度、定位误差的一种方法;建立了机床结构的每个误差元和切削刀具相对工件位置误差相联系的通用数学模型;用球杆仪在数控机床上进行补偿前后加工轨迹的测量实验表明该方法效率高、效果显著。     

机器学习辅助下的五轴数控铣削刀轨优化

针对铣削加工过程中刀具挠度变形的自动补偿问题,提出了一种用于五轴数控加工的刀轨自优化方法.首先,该方法从铣削加工材料去除仿真中获得工艺条件,且将计算出的切削条件与相应的形状误差测量相关联;其次,采用基于统计学习理论的支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)来预测所产生的形状误差,并进行...     

数控机床热误差的模型预报补偿

阐述了数控机床热误差补偿技术的基本概念，提出了一种基于人工神经网络的数控机床热误差模型预报补偿系统，介绍了该方法的原理，并对该系统的建立及相关技术进行了讨论。     

高性能数控机床刀具夹头的研究

为适应高速切削精密加工技术的要求,对高性能数控机床刀具夹头提出更高的要求。研究高性能数控机床新型刀具夹头——静压膨胀式刀具夹头、热装式刀具夹头和三棱变形夹头的结构原理、技术特点和使用要求等。     

专用数控机床故障率实验研究

基于单样本的专用数控机床，通过对故障数据的实验分析，确定了单样本专用数控机床故障分布函数和故障率函数，依据故障率函数可以判断专用数控机床此时是处于早期故障期还是偶然故障期，进而采取措施消除故障，提高专用数控机床的可靠性。