Accurate surface tension measurement of glass melts by the pendant drop method

A pendant drop tensiometer, coupled with image digitization technology and a best-fitting algorithm, was built to accurately measure the surface tension of glass melts at high temperatures. More than one thousand edge-coordinate points were obtained for a pendant glass drop. These edge points were fitted with the theoretical drop profiles derived from the Young-Laplace equation to determine the surface tension of glass melt. The uncertainty of the surface tension measurements was investigated. The measurement uncertainty (σ) could be related to a newly defined factor of drop profile completeness (Fc): the larger the Fc is, the smaller σ is. Experimental data showed that the uncertainty of the surface tension measurement when using this pendant drop tensiometer could be ±3 mN∕m for glass melts.     

Development of revolving drop surface tensiometer

A revolving drop surface tensiometer, which measures the surface tension of a small amount of liquid, is proposed. A remarkable feature of this device is that while using the pendant drop method, it employs a centrifugal force to deform the liquid droplet. The centrifugal force induces a large distortion of the droplet, which enables an accurate measurement of the surface tension to be made. In our experimental setup, the centrifugal force can be increased so that the apparent acceleration becomes up to 100 times larger than that due to gravity, and the capability of this method to measure surface tensions was demonstrated with ethylene glycol.     

中间层液体的表面能对粘着行为中Pull-off力影响的实验研究

中间层液体膜存在的情况下,弯月面力(Cap illary Force)的作用使Pull-off力增加。中间层液体的表面能是影响弯月面力作用强度的重要因素之一。利用表面张力仪测量了1,2二氯丙烷、1,2乙二醇等5种液体的表面能,利用表面力仪测量了这5种液体作为中间层时Pull-off力的值。结果表明,在一定范围内,粘度相近液体量相同时,Pull-off力随表面能增加而增加;表面能相等时,Pull-off力随液体量增加而增加。     

Multicell spinning drop interfacial tensiometer

The design and performance characteristics of a thermostated multicell spinning drop interfacial tensiometer are described. The instrument features simple and reliable commercial components, +/-1 degrees C thermostating, reduced operational vibration, cells designed to reduce problems associated with gyrostatic equilibrium, and the capability to measure interfacial tensions between six pairs of liquids simultaneously.     

用于低或超低界面张力测定装置-旋转液滴界面张力测定仪

液液界面现象大量存在于生物体及自然界中,界面张力的测定对于界面化学,化学舔生剂开发、三次采油等具有重要意义,本文自行研制了 用于低或超低界面张力测定装置一旋转液滴界面张力测定仪,测定了一些两相系统的界面张力,并将所测搂民文献值进行了比较,结果表明,研制的旋转液滴界面张力仪具有较好的测定精度,可用于低或超低界面张力的测定。     

Study of liquid jet instability by confocal microscopy

The instability of a liquid microjet was used to measure the dynamic surface tension of liquids at the surface ages of ≤1 ms using confocal microscopy. The reflected light from a laser beam at normal incidence to the jet surface is linear in the displacement of the surface near the confocal position, leading to a radial resolution of 4 nm and a dynamic range of 4 μm in the surface position, thus permitting the measurement of amplitude of oscillation at the very early stage of jet instability. For larger oscillations outside the linear region of the confocal response, the swell and neck position of the jet can be located separately and the amplitude of oscillation determined with an accuracy of 0.2 μm. The growth rate of periodically perturbed water and ethanol∕water mixture jets with a 100-μm diameter nozzle and mean velocity of 5.7 m s(-1) has been measured. The dynamic surface tension was determined from the growth rate of the instability with a linear, axisymmetric, constant property model. Synchronisation of the confocal imaging system with the perturbation applied to the jet permitted a detailed study of the temporal evolution of the neck into a ligament and eventually into a satellite drop.     

基于外差干涉技术测量液体费尔德常数的实验研究

为了准确测量液体的费尔德常数,设计搭建了一套外差干涉实验系统,主要包括Mach-Zehnder干涉光路、声光调制器(AOM)及锁相放大器。葡萄糖溶液测量结果显示,其费尔德常数随其浓度的增加而有变化的趋势。此外,加正与负磁场所测得的费尔德常数并不相等,其原因是加正磁场造成葡萄糖分子的形变与加负磁场所造成葡萄糖分子的形变不同,形变大其费尔德常数也就越大。蔗糖溶液测量结果发现,在加正与负磁场时所得的费尔德常数没有明显变化,其原因是蔗糖水解时产生了右旋葡萄糖和左旋果糖,使得形变效应相互抵消。     

感应式磁声成像脉冲磁场的测量方法

阐述了利用电磁感应法测量脉冲磁场的磁感应强度,首先测量放置在标准的已知正弦波磁场里的探测线圈的线圈常数,再用这种已知线圈常数的探测线圈进行脉冲磁场的测量。介绍了微型磁场探测线圈的绕制和固定方法,设计了脉冲磁场的实际测量装置,给出了线圈平面的调整方法,利用该装置实际测量了感应式磁声成像系统中的脉冲磁场,并对测量结果进行了误差分析。     

交流励磁三维定位系统中磁传感器设计

交流励磁定位系统可以对介入式微型医疗装置在人体内的三维位置实现非接触式遥测。在定位系统中，为了测量磁场分布范围宽、下限磁场微弱的交变磁场，本文设计开发了感应线圈式磁传感器。根据电磁感应原理，感应线圈先将交变的磁信号转换为电信号，再通过后级信号处理电路在强大的噪声背景中提取出有用的电信号，结合传感器的输入输出特性，即获得待测磁场大小。实验结果表明：磁传感器能准确测量微弱交变磁场，且具有宽测量范围、高分辨率、高稳定性和高精度的优点。磁传感器还能适用于一切非导磁环境中跨度大的交变磁场的测量，具有通用性。     

High temperature superconductor micro-superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometer for magnetization measurement of a microscale magnet

We have developed a high temperature superconductor (HTS) micrometer-sized dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer for high field and high temperature operation. It was fabricated from YBa2Cu3O7-delta of 92 nm in thickness with photolithography techniques to have a hole of 4x9 microm2 and 2 microm wide grain boundary Josephson junctions. Combined with a three dimensional magnetic field coil system, the modulation patterns of critical current Ic were observed for three different field directions. They were successfully used to measure the magnetic properties of a molecular ferrimagnetic microcrystal (23x17x13 microm3), [Mn2(H2O)2(CH3COO)][W(CN)8]2H2O. The magnetization curve was obtained in magnetic field up to 0.12 T between 30 and 70 K. This is the first to measure the anisotropy of hysteresis curve in the field above 0.1 T with an accuracy of 10(-12) J T(-1) (10(-9) emu) with a HTS micro-SQUID magnetometer.     

磁表面张力--磁流体密封机理研究的新思路

本语文从液体与固体界面之间的关系,以及它们之间存在的表面张力入手,从另一个角度探讨了磁流体密封的机理。通过分析和试验,得出了磁流体密封能力与表面张力间的定必顷把磁性力作为附加的范德瓦引力的新思路基础上,提出了磁表面张力新概念,为研究磁流体密封能力作限一些基础性的工作。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的膜涂敷控制系统

为制备高性能的中空纤维复合膜,研制了一套涂敷设备,在中空纤维基膜上形成超功能层。该设备包含多个反应釜,每个反应釜都要保持恒定的温度。在整个涂敷过程中,中空纤维膜不能断裂并保持一定的张力,因此,基于虚拟仪器技术,利用美国NI公司的PCI-6703、PCI-6221以及PCI-4351来实现反应釜各参数的控制。研究结果表明,该控制系统可完成温度采集与控制、涂敷过程的速度调节、张力控制等。     

高速磁浮列车磁场测量系统的设计

高速磁浮列车磁场主要分布在列车和轨道之间很小的空气隙中,气隙磁场是一个恒定磁场和交变磁场的叠加磁场,而且磁感应强度很大,最大可达1．2T．针对高速磁浮列车磁场分布的特殊性,设计了一套两自由度磁场的闭环自动化测量系统。系统的设计基于PC机,可以实现对列车磁场中的固定点和一段距离上的磁场大小的自动化测量,并将测量数据存入数据库以便于进一步处理分析。在列车实验平台磁场的实际测量中,该系统性能稳定,测量范围可达0～1．5T．     

Quantitative current measurements using scanning magnetoresistance microscopy

We have demonstrated the capability of scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM) to be used for quantitative current measurements. The SMRM is a magnetic microscope that is based on an atomic force microscope (AFM) and simultaneously measures the localized surface magnetic field distribution and surface topography. The proposed SMRM employs an in-house built AFM cantilever equipped with a miniaturized magnetoresistive (MR) sensor as a magnetic field sensor. In this study, a spin-valve type MR sensor with a width of 1 microm was used to measure the magnetic field distribution induced by a current carrying wire with a width of 5 microm and a spacing of 1.6 microm at room temperature and under ambient conditions. Simultaneous imaging of the magnetic field distribution and the topography was successfully performed in the DC current ranging from 500 microA to 8 mA. The characterized SV sensor, which has a linear response to magnetic fields, offers the quantitative analysis of a magnetic field and current. The measured magnetic field strength was in good agreement with the result simulated using Biot-Savart's law.     

常温液体粘度-密度-表面张力多参数快速测试仪的研制

本文研制了一种能够同时快速测量常温液体粘度、密度和表面张力的多参数综合测试仪。该测试仪以80C196KC单片机为检测与控制核心构建，粘度和密度的测量分别采用旋转柱体法和静力称衡法，表面张力采用一种新的测试方法——气泡幅频当量法。文中对各参数的测试原理、仪器总体结构、计算机测控单元等部分作了详细介绍，并给出了利用该仪器测定常见液体粘度、密度和表面张力的结果。试验结果表明，该测试仪具有较好的测试精度和工作稳定性。     

Note: Low temperature superconductor superconducting quantum interference device system with wide pickup coil for detecting small metallic particles

A one-channel low temperature superconductor superconducting quantum interference device system comprising a second-order axial gradiometer with a sensing area of 10 mm × 190 mm was developed. The gradiometer was mounted in a liquid-helium dewar (450-mm diameter; 975-mm length), with a gap of 12 mm between the pickup coil and the dewar-tail surface. The magnetic field sensitivity was measured to be 16 fT∕Hz(1∕2) in the white noise regime above 2 Hz. The system was used to measure stainless steel particles of different sizes passing through the sensing area. A 100-μm diameter SUS304 particle was readily detected passing at different positions underneath the large pickup coil by measuring its 1.3-pT magnetic field. Thus, the system was shown to be applicable to quality control of lamination sheet products such as lithium ion batteries.     

Magnetic-fluid microelectromechanical light modulator

1Introduction Duringthelastfewdecades,avarietyof techniquestoimplementmicroelectromechanical systems(MEMS)basedopticalmodulatorshas beenexplored[13].Themicromirrortechnologies arethemostprominentexamplesofthesuccess storiesintheopticalMEMSarea.Themi cromirrordeviceshavedemonstratedgreatper formanceparticularlyintheprojectiondisplay areas[23].Despitethegreatpotentialforcom mercialapplications,themicromirrordevices haveacleardrawbackintheflat paneldisplay(FPD)applications.IfanFPDisthebestf…     

Development of the caliper system for a geometry pig based on magnetic field analysis

This paper introduces the development of the caliper system for a geometry PIG (Pipeline Inspection Gauge). The objective of the caliper system is to detect and measure dents, wrinkles, and ovalities affect the pipe structural integrity. The developed caliper system consists of a finger arm, an anisotropic permanent magnet, a back yoke, pins, pinholes and a linear hall effect sensor. The angle displacement of the finger arm is measured by the change of the magnetic field in sensing module. Therefore the sensitivity of the caliper system mainly depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the sensing module. In this research, the ring shaped anisotropic permanent magnet and linear hall effect sensors were used to produce and measure the magnetic field. The structure of the permanent magnet, the back yoke and pinhole positions were optimized that the magnitude of the magnetic field range between a high of 0.1020 Tesla and a low of zero by using three dimensional nonlinear finite element methods. A simulator was fabricated to prove the effectiveness of the developed caliper system and the computational scheme using the finite element method. The experimental results show that the developed caliper system is quite efficient for the geometry PIG with good performance.     

磁场应用于吸收式制冷系统的探讨

基于国内外学者在磁场对溶液性质影响方面的研究成果,论述了磁场对溶液的表面张力和溶解能力的影响,定性分析了表面张力及溶解能力的变化对吸收式制冷循环吸收过程的影响,得出磁场作用可以对吸收过程起到强化作用的结论,提出了通过对氨水吸收式制冷系统的吸收器外加磁场,改变溶液表面特性来强化吸收过程,从而提高性能系数的新途径.     

弱场激励下铁磁性试件疲劳拉伸磁信号研究

研究了铁磁性材料试件,在弱磁激励条件下进行疲劳拉伸,并检测试件表面沿拉伸方向表面磁场信号的变化及其分布特征。选用16MnR进行试验,对预制缺陷的试件进行弹性范围内的疲劳拉伸。利用基于巨磁阻芯片的阵列式传感器探头进行不同拉伸阶段的试件表面磁场扫描测量,并对信号进行滤波处理和对本征信号及其梯度进行成像。对不同拉伸阶段和传感器阵列中不同传感器通道的磁信号进行了分析,探讨了弱磁激励状态下疲劳拉伸试件表面磁信号对无损性评估铁磁性机械试件的有效性。