控轧控冷工艺对Qst32-3盘条组织和性能的影响

研究了控轧控冷工艺对低碳钢Qst32-3盘条组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:控轧和控冷能有效提高Qst32-3盘条的力学性能并细化铁素体晶粒;当精轧温度由950℃降低到810℃并采取风冷工艺后,Qst32-3盘条的屈服强度由215 MPa增加到265 MPa,抗拉强度由318 MPa增加到346 MPa,铁素体晶粒尺寸由23.6μm细化到15.2μm。结合形变诱导铁素体相变原理及Hall-Petch公式分析了低温轧制对Qst32-3盘条晶粒细化的影响机理。     

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对一种SWRM8螺栓帽头皱折缺陷进行金相分析。结果表明：该皱折缺陷与SWRM8盘条表层存在的异常粗晶区相关。该异常粗晶区的形成与热轧终轧温度偏低和吐丝后温度过高、冷却缓慢有直接关系。为此,生产中应该严格控制轧制工艺,防止晶粒发生反常长大。     

热轧工艺对V-N微合金化Q420B大规格角钢组织转变的影响

利用热模拟试验机、扫描电镜研究了热轧工艺参数对V-N微合金化Q420B大规格角钢组织转变的影响规律。结果表明,加热温度由1150℃升高到1300℃时,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸由8.95μm长大到11.64μm,铁素体晶粒粗化了30.1%。开轧温度由950℃升高到1150℃时,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸由5.90μm长大到7.72μm,铁素体晶粒粗化了30.8%。终轧温度由760℃升高到910℃时,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸由5.15μm长大到7.72μm,铁素体晶粒粗化了49.9%。精轧累积压下率由20%升高到50%时,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸由7.91μm细化到4.94μm,铁素体晶粒细化了37.6%。     

线材表面对称粗晶形成原因分析

针对超低碳钢高速线材盘条尾部表面对称粗晶进行了研究,分析了粗晶出现的位置、表面组织形态及相应的生产工艺环节。结果表明：线材表面对称粗晶是由于线材尾部在吐丝前夹送辊夹持时产生微变形,其表面奥氏体晶粒并没有发生动态再结晶晶粒细化,而是在随后的缓慢冷却过程中发生了奥氏体的静态再结晶晶粒粗化,尤其在表层以下的近表面的位置,晶粒以迅速长大的方式向表面变形储存能较高的区域推进,将夹送辊夹持带来的变形能释放,从而造成表面局部奥氏体晶粒异常粗大。为此,改变夹送辊的孔型设计,可解决线材表面对称粗晶问题。     

控轧控冷工艺对汽车减震器活塞杆用S45C钢盘条微观组织和力学性能的影响

针对大规格S45C钢热轧盘条强度偏低和存在魏氏体组织问题，研究了控扎控冷工艺对盘条微观组织和力学性能的影响，对轧制过程中的加热温度、进精轧温度、卷取温度和冷却速度进行了优化调整，并对比分析了原工艺和优化工艺下S45C钢热轧盘条的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明：优化工艺后，热轧盘条的抗拉强度和硬度较原工艺明显增加，抗拉强度提高了21 MPa,硬度增加了3 HRB,同时伸长率和断面收缩率略有增加；优化工艺轧制的盘条的魏氏体组织基本消失，同时晶粒尺寸得到细化，晶粒度由7.0级增加为8.0级，珠光体片层变薄且片层间距减小，由0.33μm缩小至0.26μm。优化工艺通过降低加热温度和轧制温度以及控制冷却方式，提高了S45C钢热轧盘条的强度，改善了魏氏体组织。     

热轧过程对T7钢帘线组织与性能的影响

定量分析观察了国产和进口 T7钢帘线盘条产品的微观组织、硬度和不同部位的织构,并对国产T7钢盘条在1060℃开轧和900 ℃、800℃、750℃终轧的条件下进行了热轧加工的热模拟试验.结果表明,随终轧温度的降低,珠光体球团尺寸因奥氏体晶粒减小而减小,冷却速度降低使珠光体片层间距增大且硬度下降,盘条内外温度梯度升高而使表层软取向晶粒数目增多.分析表明,终轧温度应在850℃～900℃范围内适当选择.热轧冷却时应注意促使珠光体转变尽量在等温条件下完成,以保持珠光体片层间组织的均匀性和盘条良好的深拉拔性能.     

控轧控冷工艺对SCM435钢热轧盘条组织和力学性能的影响

通过Leica DM2500光学显微镜和CMT5504电子万能试验机研究了不同控轧控冷工艺对SCM435钢热轧盘条组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:降低均热温度至1100℃能够有效地减少盘条表面脱碳程度;降低精轧温度至920℃能使热轧盘条最终得到铁素体+珠光体组织,并且抗拉强度降低70 MPa以上,伸长率平均提高2.0%以上。     

终轧温度对中低牌号无取向硅钢磁性能的影响

在工业生产条件下,对比分析了不同热轧终轧温度对中低牌号无取向硅钢组织和磁性能影响。结果表明:当热轧终轧温度为890℃时,热轧带钢表层为铁素体再结晶组织,芯部为铁素体相变组织;带钢经冷轧退火后,成品晶粒细小,铁损为5.565 W/kg,磁感为1.744 T,磁性能较差;当终轧温度为870℃时,热轧带钢全为粗大的铁素体再结晶组织,带钢经冷轧退火后,成品晶粒粗大,铁损降低至5.329 W/kg,磁感升高至1.762 T,磁性能最佳;当终轧温度降低至850℃时,带钢在热轧时再结晶晶粒难以长大,经冷轧退火后,铁损为5.507 W/kg,磁感为1.760 T,磁性能介于890℃和870℃之间。此外,实际工业生产数据表明,当热轧终轧温度为850～875℃时,成品磁性能明显优于880～900℃。     

ML08Al线材混晶组织原因分析与改进措施

针对柳钢高线生产的φ6.5 mm ML08Al低碳冷镦钢盘条近表面出现混晶组织的问题，分析了加热工艺、变形工艺及吐丝温度对产生混晶组织的影响，并对相应的温度制度进行了优化。一加热段迅速将钢坯加热至880～920 ℃，二加热段控制在1 080～1 120℃，均热段控制在1 050～1 090 ℃，各段温度控制精度±12 ℃，加热时间不小于95 min，有利于奥氏体晶粒均匀化，大幅度降低钢坯表面与芯部、头部与尾部温差；结合水箱冷却能力及轧机设备能力，预精轧结束后对轧件快速冷却，将入精轧温度由970 ℃降至860 ℃，将轧件冷却至奥氏体未再结晶区轧制，同时利用精轧机组机架间水冷系统，控制终轧温度为990～1 020 ℃，以避免轧件变形过程温度过高导致奥氏体晶粒异常长大；吐丝温度由原先的950 ℃降至830 ℃。采用优化工艺后，获得了晶粒尺寸均匀的F+P组织，改善了ML08Al盘条冷镦性能。     

ML08Al线材混晶组织原因分析与改进措施

针对柳钢高线生产的φ6.5 mm ML08Al低碳冷镦钢盘条近表面出现混晶组织的问题，分析了加热工艺、变形工艺及吐丝温度对产生混晶组织的影响，并对相应的温度制度进行了优化。一加热段迅速将钢坯加热至880～920 ℃，二加热段控制在1 080～1 120℃，均热段控制在1 050～1 090 ℃，各段温度控制精度±12 ℃，加热时间不小于95 min，有利于奥氏体晶粒均匀化，大幅度降低钢坯表面与芯部、头部与尾部温差；结合水箱冷却能力及轧机设备能力，预精轧结束后对轧件快速冷却，将入精轧温度由970 ℃降至860 ℃，将轧件冷却至奥氏体未再结晶区轧制，同时利用精轧机组机架间水冷系统，控制终轧温度为990～1 020 ℃，以避免轧件变形过程温度过高导致奥氏体晶粒异常长大；吐丝温度由原先的950 ℃降至830 ℃。采用优化工艺后，获得了晶粒尺寸均匀的F+P组织，改善了ML08Al盘条冷镦性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.