太阳能热发电经济性分析和产业激励政策建议

太阳能热发电作为能够输出稳定优质电力的可再生能源发电形式,已在欧洲、美国等国家和地区快速发展。随着产业链的不断完善、技术水平的逐步提升,太阳能热发电产业有望加速进入规模化发展的新阶段。为促进国内太阳能热发电产业发展,国家能源局于2012年9月委托国家太阳能光热产业技术创新战略联盟会同国家可再生能源中心等单位就太阳能热发电产业发展政策开展研究。通过分析我国太阳能热发电技术现状、产业基础及发展中面临的突出技术和政策问题,发现发电成本高是阻碍太阳能热发电技术在我国产业化推广的最大障碍。鉴于国内尚无商业化太阳能热发电站,同时也不能完全照搬国外的经验模式,研究人员通过采用国际范围内普遍适用的商业化电站投融资模式分析经验,对在中国建设运行一个50 MW槽式太阳能热发电站的经济性和2020年导致成本下降的潜在机遇进行了分析,在假设现行1元/(kW•h) 的光伏上网电价同样适用于太阳能热发电的基础上,提出了扶持太阳能热发电产业发展的短期激励政策建议,同时也对出台商业化太阳能热发电上网电价的可能性以及固定电价形成的方法进行了探讨。     

太阳能利用与可持续发展

<正>随着矿物能源匮乏和环境污染日益严重,人类越来越重视可再生能源的开发和利用。太阳能是当今应用最广的一种可再生资源,由于太阳能热技术日趋完善,太阳能的开发利用正在融入人们的生产和生活之中。太阳能利用包括光伏发电、太阳能热发电、以及太阳热水器、太阳房等利用方式。其中太阳热水器已经实现大规模商业化。到2003年,全世界太阳热水器保有量约为1.2亿m2,其中我国约占40％。光伏发电的发展十分迅速,2003年全世界光伏     

太阳能热利用专业委员会成立30周年暨2009学术年会在合肥召开

伴随着我国可再生能源研究与应用事业的诞生和成长，中国可再生能源学会热利用专业委员会也走过了栉风沐雨、跌宕起伏的30年，凭着几代太阳能使者的默默坚守与辛勤耕耘，使得太阳能热利用行业成为我国可再生能源领域通过自主技术开发、市场运作，达到产业化发展的领头军。为庆祝中国可再生能源学会太阳能热利用专业委员会成立30周年，     

太阳能热发电系统的研究开发现状

太阳能热发电是一种很有发展前景的大规模太阳能利用技术。介绍和分析了国内外塔式、槽式、碟式等太阳能热发电技术的研究状况,分析了这些技术的优缺点以及一些改进方案。结合我国国情,指出了我国太阳能热发电所面临的问题及挑战;根据我国可再生能源发展规划,分析了我国太阳能热发电技术的发展前景。     

工业和信息化部关于促进太阳能热水器行业健康发展的指导意见

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化主管部门,中国轻工业联合会,中国家用电器协会:太阳能热利用是可再生能源利用的重要领域,技术成熟,应用前景广阔,在能源替代、减少排放、安全用能等方面优势明显。目前,我国太阳能热利用最成熟的产品是太阳能热水器,太阳能热     

推行积极的产业政策,引领太阳能热利用产业蓬勃发展

太阳能是一种巨大的无污染、可再生能源,开发利用太阳能是解决能源短缺,保护环境的主要途径之一。通过对太阳能热利用产品的介绍简要了解我国太阳能热利用产业的发展现状,同时介绍了我国在太阳能产业上的有关政策法规以及对如何引领太阳能热利用行业蓬勃发展的几点思考。     

西班牙太阳能热水器强制安装政策与启示

一前言西班牙是近年来全球可再生能源发展最为迅速的国家之一,风电、太阳能热利用、太阳能热发电、太阳能光伏发电等技术的推广应用都处于全球领先地位。2006年西班牙颁布实施的太阳能热水器强制安装政策,在西班牙掀起了安装太阳能热水器的高     

工业与信息化产业部发布关于促进太阳能热水器行业健康发展的指导意见(征求意见稿)

太阳能热利用是可再生能源利用的重要领域,技术成熟,应用前景广阔,在能源替代、减少排放、安全用能等方面优势明显。目前,我国太阳能热利用最成熟的产品是太阳能热水器,太阳能热水器行业是我国具有自主知识产权、产业链完整、具备一定产业规模和市场空间、符合低碳环保要求和可持续发展的重要新兴行业。为促进太阳能热水器及太阳能热水系统行业的健康有序发展     

“十一五”我国可再生能源数据简报

国家能源局相关负责人表示：＂十一五＂期间,我国可再生能源呈跳跃式发展,到2010年底,计入沼气、太阳能热利用等非商品可再生能源,我国可再生能源年利用量总计3亿吨标准煤,占当年能源消费总量的9.6%。     

我国太阳能热利用产业任重而道远

几年来,《可再生能源法》、《节约能源法》、《可再生能源中长期发展规划》、《绿色节能建筑实施条例》等政策、法规相继出台。在这种背景下,我国太阳能热利用产业快速发展,成为社会各界关注的焦     

How to stimulate renewable energy power generation effectively? – China's incentive approaches and lessons

The renewable energy power generation (REPG) in China has experienced tremendous growth in the last decade. To understand this rapid growth, it is necessary to explore how Chinese government triggers the remarkable development of the industry. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the incentive policy system for REPG in China, covering wind power, solar photovoltaic, small hydropower (single-unit power generation capacity less than 50 MW), biomass power and geothermal power. The incentive system contains laws, regulations, policies and industrial plans issued during the 11th and 12th “Five-year Plan” periods (2006–2015). Four major incentive strategies of the Chinese government are identified: research and development incentives, fiscal and tax incentives, grid-connection and tariff incentives, and market development incentives. The results show these incentive methods have played a significant role in promoting the development of REPG in China, but still there are some problems associated with them. International comparisons of the incentive policies with those of Denmark, Germany and US, as well as the strategies to further improve the Chinese incentive approaches are discussed. This comprehensive analysis of China's incentive policy system for REPG helps to understand China's experience in promoting renewable energy, contributing to better decision-making in policy.     

Interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy: A critical analysis of China's policy approach to renewable energies

This paper analyzes China's policy approach to renewable energies and assesses how effectively China has met the ideal of appropriate interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. First we briefly discuss the interactions between these two policies. Then we outline China's key renewable energy and renewable industrial policies and find that China's government has well recognized the need for this policy interaction. After that, we study the achievements and problems in China's wind and solar PV sector during 2005–2012 and argue that China's policy approach to renewable energies has placed priority first on developing a renewable energy manufacturing industry and only second on renewable energy itself, and it has not effectively met the ideal of appropriate interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. Lastly, we make an in-depth analysis of the three ideas underlying this policy approach, that is, the green development idea, the low-carbon leadership idea and indigenous innovation idea. We conclude that Chinas' policy approach to renewable energies needs to enhance the interactions between renewable energy policy and renewable energy industrial policy. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of China's policy strategy toward renewable energies.     

可再生能源发展的必经过程和我国的政策取向

本文以学习曲线规律为理论依据,描述了可再生能源技术发展和产业成长的必经过程,以及可再生能源不同发展阶段所面临的障碍。分析了我国可再生能源的发展现状和所需要的支持政策的特点。同时分析了发展可再生能源与常规能源新技术之间的关系,探讨了常规能源的先进利用方式和可再生能源相互促进的发展思路。在此基础上提出我国应该按照发展阶段制订可再生能源的鼓励政策。     

我国生物柴油的开发生产现状

旨在对国内生物柴油的专利、规划、建设及有关政策情况进行调研的基础上,客观反映国内生物柴油形势。一般来说,国内专利的法律状态是基本上都没有获得授权;民营生产主要以酸化油为主要原料;国外投资较快、较稳,他们的主要重点是解决资源保障。国内政策总的精神是要扶持可再生能源利用的发展,但尚缺乏一套扶植、优惠和鼓励的政策办法,尚需明确生物柴油统一的标准和产业化发展战略。所以,新产业的上马一定要做好项目调研工作。     

我国光伏产业发展的路径

在太阳能光伏发电产业快速发展的同时,亟待识别、分析并把握该产业的成长路径及特点。文章介绍了我国太阳能资源的状况,阐述了我国光伏产业的发展现状,指出了影响太阳能光伏产业发展的主要因素,分别对我国光伏技术研发、产业规划、法律法规、电价政策及项目鼓励政策等5个方面进行了研究,分析了光伏产业发展的典型事件、成长过程及其规律、特点和发展路径。     

风力发电面临的问题和政策建议

风力发电是我国目前商业化程度较高的可再生能源产业之一。上个世纪90年代风力发电取得了可喜的成绩,但也面临着一些问题和障碍,如不能妥善地解决,必将严重制约风力发电的进一步发展。本文分析了我国风力发电面临的主要问题和障碍,并提出了一些激励风力发电行业发展的政策建议。     

Policy recommendations to promote shale gas development in China based on a technical and economic evaluation

Because of its resource potential and clean burning advantages, the development of shale gas can significantly increase the supply of cleaner energy while offering the associated benefits. To foster shale gas development, many policy incentives have been introduced in China. However, the current incentives have not been sufficiently aggressive, and the shale gas industry has been slow to develop. Existing policies thus need to be further improved. To provide effective support for decision makers in China, a technical and economic evaluation is performed in this study to explore the profitability of shale gas production in pilot zones. The results show that shale gas production is subeconomic under the current technical and economic conditions. Based on this evaluation, a policy analysis is conducted to investigate the profitability improvement offered by the major policies available in China to elucidate a path toward improving incentive policies. The results indicate that policy instruments related to gas prices, financial subsidies, corporate income taxes or combinations thereof could be used as priority options to improve policy incentives. Based on these results, recommendations are presented to improve the current incentive polices aimed at accelerating shale gas development.     

Renewable energy resources,policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact

This paper presents comparative yet extensive analysis of existing non-conventional renewable resources, energy policies and gaps in BRICS countries. An intelligent transformation to green economy to maintain natural resources is noted. Brazil has stable energy policies and is the leading producer of biofuels following hydropower until 2014 but supported wind and solar power development by tendering specific tariffs for energy generation from solar and wind. Russia needs improvement in its legal and regulatory framework with more incentives in energy policies. China is improving upon wind and hydropower but it needs strong policy measures to put cap on increased CO₂ emissions. India needs revision in energy policy and requires extra incentives and consumer specific energy policies for research-infrastructure and energy generation technologies. South Africa requires lessons to increase renewable energy and reduce coal mining. Moreover, BRICS countries need to redefine their energy policies based upon their existing geographical, economical, societal and environmental conditions which will help in shaping global energy policies and more financial stability. This paper recognizes the potential of BRICS to reshape the global system paralleled with minimizing CO₂ emissions. The concerted role of BRICS needs to be recognized as the leading contributor of global renewable capacity where the developed world is geared and busy to address the environmental issues.     

Changing Sunshine: Analyzing the dynamics of solar electricity policies in the global context

Although solar costs have been dropping in recent years, solar power is still more expensive than conventional and other renewable energy options, and in most applications solar power still needs continuing government policy support. However, the need to achieve multiple objectives and ensure sufficient political support for solar power makes it difficult for policy makers to design an optimal solar power policy. The dynamic and uncertain nature of the solar industry, combined with the constraints imposed by broader economic, political and social conditions further complicates the task of policy making. In this paper, we present a framework to critically analyze the objectives behind different country policies, how factors such as macro-economic conditions and development paradigms affect the policy outcomes and finally, how these outcomes affect the overall cost reduction of solar energy. We find that while the extent of cost reduction through creation of large demand remains to be seen, it is essential for governments to provide adequate support for leapfrog RD&D, and exploit real comparative advantages across countries for effective solar cost reduction. Policy makers need to optimally design their policies by balancing national objectives and paying capacity with the global objective of solar power cost reduction in order to realize its full potential.