认知无线电网络的一种协作频谱感知方案

认知无线电技术能够让非授权用户利用已经分配给授权用户的频段.为了不对首要用户的工作造成干扰,认知用户需要对频谱进行不间断的监测来判断首要用户是否存在.因此,频谱的感知是认知无线电技术的关键.协作频谱感知能够充分的利用网络资源,提高网络中的认知用户的检测概率.文中笔者简单地介绍了一种协作频谱感知的方案.仿真结果表明,通过该方法能够提高网络中认知用户的检测概率,提高网络的检测灵敏度.     

二维空间谱的频谱感知技术研究

认知无线电的提出,能够有效的解决目前频谱资源匮乏的问题,频谱感知是认知无线电中必不可少的关键技术之一.着重对低功率复杂无线场景的频谱感知技术进行研究,在待测区域布置大量传感器或阵列天线,对授权用户的信息进行估计,得出区域性的干扰温度估计.     

二维空间谱的频谱感知技术研究

认知无线电的提出,能够有效地解决目前频谱资源匮乏的问题,频谱感知是认知无线电中必不可少的关键技术之一.着重对低功率复杂无线场景的频谱感知技术进行研究,在待测区域布置大量传感器或阵列天线,对授权用户的信息进行估计,得出区域性的干扰温度估计.     

认知无线电技术发展及其对频谱管理政策的影响分析

认知无线电技术的核心就是对频谱采取动态的分配方式,在授权用户不使用的情况下,其他用户在不对授权用户产生干扰的情况下可使用授权用户频段或非授权频段,从而提高频谱的利用效率。本文首先分析了目前频谱管理面临的问题,在此基础上,对认知无线电关键技术以及对标准组织的研究进展进行了介绍,最后从频谱管理、运营、技术3个层面上阐述了认知无线电技术为频谱管理带来的机遇与挑战。     

一种认知无线网络中的协作感知优化方法

认知无线电技术能够显著提高频谱资源的利用率,因此越来越受到学术界的关注。频谱感知是认知无线电的基础,一方面它要求能够快速找到可用频谱,另一方面当授权用户返回时又要求能够快速释放信道避免干扰。提出了一种认知无线网络中多用户协作感知分级方法,并通过数学推导给出最优的分级策略。仿真结果表明,采用所提出的协作频谱感知方法,能够提高认知无线网络的吞吐量。     

认知无线电技术综述

认知无线电是一种智能频谱共享技术,通过它授权用户的频谱资源得以利用.认知无线电具备感知无线通信环境、并可根据一定的学习和决策算法,实时、自适应地改变系统工作参数的能力,通过对它的利用实现了对无线频谱资源的动态使用,提高频谱资源的利用率.在对认知无线电技术提出的背景、认知无线电技术概念的发展和主要研究内容进行了介绍.     

基于图论模型的改进型频谱分配算法

认知无线电技术能够感知周围无线电环境并择机使用频谱空洞。文章通过对现有的频谱分配算法研究分析,提出了基于图论着色模型的改进型频谱分配算法。该算法建立在授权用户状态动态变化的基础上,利用频谱下一时刻空闲概率降低授权用户的活动性对频谱分配的影响。仿真结果表明该算法有效提高了频谱概率上的效益并且保证了系统公平性。     

认知无线电研究综述

认知无线电是一种智能频谱共享技术。它通过感知频谱环境、智能学习并实时调整其传输参数,实现频谱的再利用,可显著地提高频谱的利用率,特别是可让未授权用户使用授权用户的频谱。本文在概述了认知无线电技术的发展之后,重点介绍了认知无线电技术及其应用的研究现状,包括认知无线电的总体概念、相关频谱政策和标准化工作进展、相关关键技术和安全技术的研究,以及它在UWB、Mesh、WRAN中的应用现状。最后对认知无线电技术的发展进行了展望。     

基于呼叫接纳控制（CAC）的动态频谱接入机制

在认知无线电系统中,认知用户利用授权用户的频谱空洞进行通信,达到提高频谱利用率的目的。动态频谱接入技术是认知无线电系统的关键技术,在文中我们提出了一种使用呼叫接纳控制（CAC）的动态频谱接入机制,经过仿真验证该机制能有效地减小认知无线电系统中认知用户的切换概率,同时次用户对信道的使用率会略有下降。     

基于干扰消减的认知无线电频谱分配算法

在认知无线电网络的频谱分配过程基础上,提出了一种基于干扰消减的频谱分配算法.该算法通过将可用频谱分配给能够同时无干扰地接入同一频谱的所有认知用户来提高授权频谱的使用率.同时,该算法参考各个认知用户在初始阶段的可用频谱数量来为未分配到频谱资源的认知用户进行频谱分配,对频谱分配过程的公平性进行了优化.仿真结果表明,该算法能够在认知用户数量较多、可用频谱紧张的情况下获得较高的吞吐量.     

Compressive spectrum sensing in the cognitive radio networks by exploiting the sparsity of active radios

Spectrum sensing is a key technology to detect spectrum holes in cognitive network. It has been demonstrated that collaboration among cognitive users can improve the probability of detecting the primary users, but the fusion center is the bottleneck when a lot of collaborative information is transmitted. In this paper, we consider the cognitive radio users only transmit part of sensing information to relieve the transmission load. Besides, the sensing information will be inevitably influenced by various noise in the process of transmission. Therefore, the challenge is how we can detect spectrum holes successfully from these incomplete and inexact measurements. Most recently, there are some research results on this but the detection performance is not satisfactory. In this paper, we firstly formulate the collaborative spectrum sensing as an optimization model and then present a novel adaptive orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm by exploiting the sparsity of active primary users. Statistical property of the sensing data plays a crucial role in spectrum sensing. Theoretical analysis shows the presented scheme can detect active primary users rapidly and efficiently. Simulation results verify that the proposed method can obtain better detection performance with stronger noise background, which is more attractive in real applications.     

协作频谱感知在认知网络中的应用

认知无线电能够灵敏感知周围环境的变化,通过频谱感知功能发现频谱空洞,使得认知无线电能够与周围通信环境相适应。在认知无线电网络中,认知用户（次用户）必须连续地监控频谱,检测主用户是否存在。如果主用户存在,次用户必须尽快地退出该频段,从而不影响主用户。在文中采用一种协作机制,即两用户进行协作频谱感知,从而提高主用户的检测率,减少了检测时间,并且得到捷变增益。我们用Matlab给出仿真结果。     

动态频谱接入中的侦测与避让技术

动态频谱接入技术对频谱实行动态管理,允许未授权用户在无干扰的情况下使用已授权用户的闲置频带,是解决现今无线频谱资源紧缺和利用率低等难题的有效途径,已成为无线通信领域的研究热点。本文介绍了动态频谱接入的侦测与避让方法,分析和讨论了各自的优缺点,并指出动态频谱接入需要进一步研究的问题和可能的发展方向。     

A Survey of Cooperative Games for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative cognitive radio networks are new cognitive radio paradigm. Cooperative communication approaches, such as cooperative spectrum sensing and cooperative spectrum sharing, are playing key roles in the development of cognitive radio networks. To achieve the high performance, a cooperative cognitive communication framework is often used to model various cooperative spectrum sensing or sharing scenarios. However, its implementation faces numerous challenges due to the complexity of mobility and traffic models, the needs of dynamic spectrum access, the heterogeneous requirements from different users, and the distributed structure of the network. Fortunately, cooperative game theory can be used to formulate and model the interactions among licensed and unlicensed users for spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing to efficiently allocate spectrum resource in the highly dynamic and distributed radio environment. In this paper, we first present the cooperative communication technologies and describe their existing challenges, then introduce different game solutions, after that, we discuss several cooperative game strategies, and analyze the associated their applications in cognitive radio networks, at final, some open directions for future research on economic strategies in cooperative communication in cognitive radio networks are proposed.     

A MAC protocol by applying staggered channel model for cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio (CR) is a novel and promising spectrum management technique, which aims to cope with the spectrum scarcity problem occurring in unlicensed bands and alleviate the inefficient spectrum utilization of licensed bands. To ensure that the operation of licensed users will not be adversely affected and that the licensed bands can be efficiently utilized by unlicensed users, this paper proposes a cognitive radio MAC protocol called SMC-CR-MAC. When any primary user is detected, the proposed SMC-CR-MAC protocol applies Contiguous Channel Switching and Sender-Receiver Channel Swap rules to cope with the rendezvous, packet collision, and channel congestion problems. Simulation results show that the proposed SMC-CR-MAC protocol can significantly improve the network performance in terms of utilization of licensed bands, standard deviation of traffic load on each channel, and probability of successful rendezvous.     

Weight sequential log-likelihood ratio detect algorithm with malicious users removing

Due to the openness of the cognitive radio network, spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) can attack the spectrum sensing easily, while there is no effective algorithm proposed in current research work, so this paper introduces the malicious users removing to the weight sequential probability radio test (WSPRT). The terminals' weight is weighted by the accuracy of their spectrum sensing information, which can also be used to detect the malicious user. If one terminal owns a low weight, it can be treated as malicious user, and should be removed from the aggregation center. Simulation results show that the improved WSPRT can achieve higher performance compared with the other two conventional sequential detection methods under different number of malicious users.     

认知无线电的关键技术和应用研究

认知无线电是一种新的智能无线电技术,它通过动态的接入频谱为用户提供高容量的服务,能极大的改善现有的低效的频谱利用率。文章重点分析了认知无线电中频谱检测、频谱管理、功率控制等关键技术,以及认知无线电在超宽带、Mesh网、无线区域网的应用现状,最后探讨了认知无线电发展需要关注的难点问题。     

认知无线电及其原始用户检测

认知无线电系统必须能够及时检测到原始用户的工作状态以避免形成相互干扰,论文主要讨论用于频谱感知的信号检测理论。大部分人工合成的信号都可以看成是循环平稳随机过程,利用谱相关函数可以有效地检测这些信号,文中主要考虑用循环谱密度监测原始用户的可行性。此外,文章还对认知无线电中的协作检测法做了分析。     

噪声不确定下基于进化博弈论的 协作频谱检测研究

认知无线电中,协作频谱检测已经被证明可以有效提高系统的检测性能。但是在噪声不确定的情况下,认知用户会更加倾向于减少检测消耗来提高自身的吞吐量。本文主要是把进化博弈论应用到噪声不确定下的协作频谱检测中,认知用户可以动态地选择是否参加协作频谱检测,通过不断的迭代学习,得到一个进化稳定策略（ESS）。本文把所有认知用户作为整体参与博弈,由进化博弈论算法,得到其参与协作的认知用户平均吞吐量,并将其与所有用户的平均吞吐量对比。如不等则反复迭代直至相等,从而得到最终的进化稳定策略。仿真结果表明:噪声不确定度越高,达到平衡时认知用户参与协作检测的概率就越高;进化博弈论算法让认知用户选择性地参与协作检测比让所有用户都参与协作检测有更高的系统吞吐量。      

Review of Robust Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio networks sense spectrum occupancy and manage themselves to operate in unused bands without disturbing licensed users. The detection capability of a radio system can be enhanced if the sensing process is performed jointly by a group of nodes so that the effects of wireless fading and shadowing can be minimized. However, taking a collaborative approach poses new security threats to the system as nodes can report false sensing data to reach a wrong decision. This paper makes a review of secure cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. The main objective of these protocols is to provide an accurate resolution about the availability of some spectrum channels, ensuring the contribution from incapable users as well as malicious ones is discarded. Issues, advantages and disadvantages of such protocols are investigated and summarized.