60Si2Mn弹簧钢150 mm x 150 mm铸坯缺陷分析与工艺优化

针对60Si2Mn弹簧钢(/%:0.56～0.64C,1.50～2.00Si, 0.70～1.00Mn,≤0.025P,≤0.020S)的150 mm×150 mm连铸坯角部存在横向表面裂纹缺陷问题,通过采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对铸坯角部横向表面裂纹缺陷进行分析及试验比对。结果表明：结晶器铜管锥度过大、拉坯阻力大、保护渣润滑效果差以及二次冷却不均匀导致角部产生横向表面裂纹。通过将结晶器铜管锥度从2.2 mm降到1.6 mm、保护渣熔化温度从1182℃降到1072℃、粘度从0.76 Pa·s降到0.52 Pa·s以及二次冷却比水量从0.45L/kg降到0.32L/kg等措施,降低铸坯在铜管内拉坯阻力,改善结晶器冷却传热和二冷段喷淋冷却效果,提高铸坯冷却均匀性,使得铸坯缺陷得到有效控制,铸坯表面探伤合格率从35%提高到92%。     

含硫45钢铸坯缺陷分析与工艺优化

含硫45钢(/%:0.42～0.50C,0.17～0.37Si,0.50～0.80Mn,≤0.035P,0.035～0.045S)的Φ44 mm轧材探伤合格率低,轧材表面存在裂纹缺陷,通过分析是由150 mm×150 mm铸坯缺陷导致的。对铸坯表面酸洗发现裂纹缺陷,采用金相显微镜对裂纹进行分析。分析认为是由结晶器铜管R角太小、角部冷却太强、保护渣熔化不好、传热和润滑效果差以及二次冷却不均匀导致的。通过对结晶器铜管、保护渣及二次冷却水量进行工艺优化,改善结晶器冷却传热和二冷段喷淋冷却效果,提高铸坯冷却均匀性,使得铸坯缺陷明显改善,轧材合格率大幅提高。     

喷淋结晶器传热特性的实验研究

喷淋结晶器是一种新型结晶器，它是用特殊的喷嘴将水喷淋到结晶器的铜板表面上进行铸坯冷却的，这种冷却方式具有较高的传热速度，便于调节结晶器的热流密度，可以提高拉坯速度和铸坯质量，喷淋结晶器的传热现象是很复杂的，本文通过建立传热实验台，对喷淋冷却过程进行较细致的实验研究，找出喷水量和换热系数的关系等，为设计喷淋冷却结晶器提供必要的参数。     

板坯角横裂成因及控制措施

针对微合金化钢角部横裂纹缺陷,从连铸工艺角度分析了板坯角横裂的形成原因,提出了微合金化钢角部横裂纹缺陷的控制措施。通过优化二次冷却强度、稳定结晶器液面、提高铸机精度、调整二冷喷嘴宽度、采用倒角结晶器及控制钢液增氮等措施,提高了铸坯表面质量,板坯角部横裂纹得到了有效改善,缺陷发生率由24%降低至2%。     

大方坯连铸结晶器冷却制度优化研究

在分析攀钢大方坯连铸现行结晶器冷却能力的基础上,优化调整了结晶器冷却制度。结果表明,增大结晶器冷却警度,强化结晶器传热,结晶器出口坯壳厚度由14．5～15．0mm增至19．0～20．5mm;合理匹配结晶器宽窄面水量分配,可以促进结晶器区域凝固坯壳均匀生长,宽面、窄面坯壳厚度一致,有利于减少因初生坯壳厚度偏薄或厚薄不均产生的铸坯表面角部纵裂或凸包缺陷。     

结晶器厚度方向锥度对铸坯质量的影响

从铸机结晶器参数入手，对比了不同类型铸机所生产铸坯表面纵裂纹的差异。认为结晶器厚度方向锥度小是导致铸坯表面产生纵裂纹的主要原因，锥度越大越有利于降低铸坯表面纵裂纹的发生率。通过研究结晶器的发展过程指出，在结晶器设计过程中，厚度方向的锥度应满足钢种的凝固收缩，尽量减少气隙，改善传热，降低铸坯缺陷。     

日本住友金属公司开发用高速水膜强冷铸坯的新型结晶器

1前言采用一般间接冷却型结晶器进行高速连铸时，因铸坯收缩形成的铸坯表面与结晶器内壁间的气隙增大了传热阻力（结晶器出口处的导热系数仅为450～800W／m2K），高温且薄的凝固壳难于承受钢水静压力；现用的喷雾冷却也不易确保对铸坯的高冷却能力。为了在高速连铸时强冷结晶器下部铸坯，住友公司将其开发的上下两段结构新型结晶器用于0．17％C钢的板坯连铸试验，获得了良好的效果。2新结晶器构造上段仍采用间接冷却方式，长400。。m、断面尺寸24OXSOmm；下段用螺栓和支撑七段的框架相连结，在铸坯的各宽面各设置3块，各窄面各设置1块共…     

鞍钢连铸倒角结晶器的应用实践

针对鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂四分厂含磷、铌铸坯角部横裂纹严重的问题,采用了倒角结晶器技术,优化了足辊结构,调整了结晶器窄侧冷却水流量,提高了锥度值。结果表明,铸坯在连铸矫直区角部温度可以提高100℃以上,角部横裂纹发生率降低了95%。     

连铸结晶器内大方坯的热力耦合分析

针对攀钢大方坯连铸机投产初期铸坯表面角部纵裂缺陷,建立了大方坯连铸结晶器内铜板与铸坯问的热力耦合模型,应用模型分析了大方坯连铸结晶器内的传热过程和坯壳的应力分布.在传热模型中,以稳态模型分析结晶器的传热过程,以瞬态模型分析铸坯的传热过程;在力学模型中,考虑铸坯和结晶器的接触边界以处理结晶器角部的气隙,以热弹塑性模型分析铸坯的变形和应力场.2种结构的连铸结晶器中大方坯温度场和应力场计算结果表明,结晶器倒角从25 mm×45°变为12 mm×45°时,可改善铸坯角部的传热条件,降低凝固坯壳角部温度,增加凝固坯壳厚度,有利于减轻和防止铸坯角部裂纹.     

减少A36含硼钢板坯角部横裂纹的工艺实践

A36含硼钢(/%:0.16～0.20C、0.10～0.25Si、0.20～0.40Mn、≤0.030P、≤0.015S、0.010～0.030Al、0.015～0.025Ti、0.001 0～0.001 8B)1 550 mm×230 mm板坯的生产流程为铁水预处理-210 t BOF-钢包吹氩-LF-连铸工艺。通过控制[C]≥0.16%,结晶器保护渣碱度由1.23提高到1.27,粘度由0.165 Pa·s降至0.123 Pa·s,在拉速1.0 m/min时负滑动时间由0.22 s降至0.15 s,降低结晶器和矫直段铸坯边部的冷却水量,控制铸机对弧精度和辊缝精度,铸坯表面未发现明显的横裂纹,铸坯的修磨量由0.18%降至0.03%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.