在役高速公路大跨度斜拉桥荷载试验研究

淮安大桥为大跨度双索面斜拉桥,已服役18年,为掌握大桥当前结构状态和受力性能,对大桥进行荷载试验,针对主梁最大正负弯矩、主塔最大弯矩、主梁挠度、塔偏等设计加载工况。结果表明,淮安大桥测试截面的平均应变、挠度及塔顶偏位的校验系数均处在合理范围内,相对残余均小于20%,大桥处于弹性工作阶段,受力性能良好,满足设计荷载的正常使用要求。     

列车荷载作用下铁路斜拉桥索-梁相关振动研究

为了研究大跨度铁路斜拉桥的索-梁相关振动,基于拉索非线性振动理论,开发了有限元索动力单元,该单元在静力计算中为普通直杆单元,动力特性计算中可以计算拉索局部自振频率,动力时程计算中可以计算拉索非线性振动与整体结构振动的相互作用;编制了计算程序,建立了大跨度铁路斜拉桥有限元模型,同时使用索动力单元模拟斜拉索,最后研究了列车通过斜拉桥时梁、塔的带动下拉索发生索-梁相关振动的特性。结果表明:对于大跨度铁路斜拉桥,列车在设计速度范围内通过桥梁时索-梁相关振动不会导致拉索产生大幅振动。     

高速火车移动荷载作用下铁路桥的实时振动

试验测量显示火车轮传递的荷载不仅包括常量成分，而且在0～6Hz范围有更大的交互成分。采用随时间变化的简支梁模型，分析了在组合荷载作用下，中小跨桥产生的挠度。第一个案例是分析单轴荷载传递，常量与变量交互作用下组合荷载的挠度。第二个案例是分析等距离多轴荷载传递，不同组合荷载作用下的综合效果。     

大跨度楼面人群荷载作用响应分析

以某大跨度钢-混凝土组合楼板模型为对象,采用ANSYS程序进行动力时程分析,研究人群荷载作用下,荷载布置方式、结构阻尼比、楼板边界条件、楼板长宽比和人群步行方式等因素对大跨度楼面结构振动响应的影响,分析大跨度楼板的人群动力响应特性。研究结果表明：不利布载形式为中间板带附近布置人群荷载;楼板长宽比越大则楼面结构响应峰值越小;连续步行荷载作用的楼板振动响应大于原地踏步荷载的响应;楼板边界约束越强振动响应越小;增大阻尼比能显著减小人致振动。     

列车作用下大跨径悬索桥纵向运动响应分析方法对比研究

随着我国铁路事业的发展,近年来设计和建造了一些大跨径铁路悬索桥。悬索桥属于典型的柔性结构,加之列车荷载大、运行速度快,列车过桥时加劲梁纵向运动问题突出。准确地计算出列车过桥时梁端纵向运动响应是进行悬索桥结构设计和梁端位移控制的前提。该文通过有限元仿真,采用4种不同的分析方法,对运行列车作用下大跨径铁路悬索桥纵向运动响应特征进行对比研究。首先,分别介绍移动静载法、移动荷载法、移动质量法、车-桥动力相互作用法的计算理论及其有限元实现方法;随后,以某主跨1060m铁路悬索桥为例,分别采用4种方法进行纵向运动响应计算;最后,对4种分析方法的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明：大跨径铁路悬索桥纵向运动分析应考虑动力效应;通过移动荷载法、移动质量法及车-桥动力相互作用法分析得到的纵向运动响应接近;采用移动荷载法进行大跨径铁路悬索桥纵向运动响应分析可以简化计算且满足计算精度要求。     

大跨度斜拉桥施工阶段荷载对拉索索力的影响

结合宜宾长江大桥现场施工控制工作，分析了该桥典型施工工况下索力的变化情况，认为施工阶段拉索安装完毕后索力受后续工序的影响逐步减小；温度对拉索索力的影响不可忽略，得到的结论对于类似工程的开展有一定的指导意义。     

大跨度铁路斜拉桥极限承载力研究

为了对韩家沱长江铁路大桥的稳定性能进行科学评价,采用同时考虑几何非线性、材料非线性和个别构件极限承载力的全过程分析方法,对韩家沱长江铁路大桥施工及运营阶段进行了极限承载力分析,在采用结构上所有荷载等比例增加的加载方式下,计算结果表明,大桥施工及运营阶段的稳定安全系数均大于2.0,大桥达到极限承载力状态是由处于最不利受力状态的构件进入塑性或发生局部失稳造成的,大桥的稳定安全系数在施工过程中呈现出整体微小下降趋势,每个梁段悬臂施工不同工况下结构的稳定安全系数具有明显波动。     

有节奏运动荷载作用下大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖竖向振动舒适度分析

以某学校风雨操场屋顶为研究对象,采用MIDAS/Gen软件进行动力时程分析,研究大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖在有节奏运动荷载作用下的动力响应特性,分析结构阻尼比、梁高、板厚、附加荷载、荷载分布形式和荷载类型等因素对大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖结构振动响应的影响。结果表明,增大阻尼比、梁高、板厚和附加荷载,可以减小大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖的振动响应。     

大跨度斜拉桥中的几何非线性问题

介绍了斜拉桥几何非线性的分析方法,针对大跨度斜拉桥几何非线性的静动力问题给出了解决办法,最后指出了需要进一步解决的问题,从而为其进一步的研究提供了理论基础。     

大跨度斜拉桥拉索阻力系数风洞试验研究

通过香港昂船洲大桥拉索风阻系数风洞试验研究,得到了各工况下不同直径及不同的表面形式拉索的阻力系数值,并对大跨度斜拉桥拉索的阻力系数特性进行了研究。结果表明：来流方向从顺桥向往横桥向变化时,阻力系数逐渐增大;来流方向沿纵桥向时,拉索倾角对阻力系数影响较大,风速对其影响较小;阻力系数随表面粗糙度的增加而增大,横桥向时表现更加明显,并且螺旋线表面阻力系数大于压花表面阻力系数;螺旋线表面拉索阻力系数受风速影响较小,压花表面阻力系数随风速的增大而增大;对比试验值与我国现行规范取值,规范取值偏于保守。     

Multi-scale damage analysis for a steel box girder of a long-span cable-stayed bridge

Accurate evaluation of the effect of possible damage in critical components on the dynamic characteristics of a structure is of critical importance in developing a robust structural damage identification scheme for a long-span cable-stayed bridge. The strategies of finite element (FE) modelling of a long-span cable-stayed bridge for multi-scale numerical analysis are first investigated. A multi-scale model of the Runyang cable-stayed bridge is then developed, which is essentially a multi-scale combination of a FE model for modal analysis of the entire bridge structure and FE sub-models for local stress analysis of the selected locations with respect to the substructuring method. The developed three-dimensional global-scale and local-scale FE models of Runyang cable-stayed bridge achieve a good correlation with the measured dynamic properties identified from field ambient vibration tests and stress distributions of a steel box girder measured from vehicle loading tests, on the basis of which the effectiveness of some damage location identification methods, including a modal curvature index, a modal strain energy index and a modal flexibility index, are evaluated. The analysis results show that the effect of the simulated damage in various components of the steel box girder on the dynamic characteristics of a long-span cable-stayed bridge should be properly considered in structural damage analyses using multi-scale numerical computation.     

高墩大跨度铁路桥梁悬臂浇筑施工监控

结合新建铁路贵阳至开阳南江特大桥悬臂施工监控实践,介绍了高墩大跨连续刚构桥的施工监控理论。采用有限元软件建立该桥的有限元计算模型,对该桥各施工阶段的主梁挠度及应力进行了仿真模拟分析,并在施工监控中对比分析计算数据与实测数据,以期指导施工并为同类型桥梁的施工控制提供参考。     

大跨度斜拉桥边墩新型横向钢阻尼器减震体系及设计方法

针对大跨度斜拉桥边墩的横向抗震问题,提出桥梁新型横向钢阻尼器与滑动支座组合的一种边墩横向减震体系,以及基于桥梁实际抗震需求的减震 体系设计方法。之后,以一座主跨620m的大跨度斜拉桥为工程背景,验证该方法的可行性。并从关键位置的地震反应、阻尼器对横向基本控制振型的影响、 减震体系的耗能能力和地震动输入的影响等方面对边墩新型横向减震体系的减震效果进行全面分析。结果表明,大跨度斜拉桥边墩新型减震体系具有显著的 减震效果;与常规体系相比,对地震动输入较不敏感。     

Monitoring dynamic behaviour of a long-span railway bridge

A new long-span prestressed railway bridge was instrumented to better understand and monitor its dynamic behaviour. The bridge is a unique and geometrically complex concrete structure with a very slender box girder section and a slab track system. This paper briefly describes the instrumentation used for monitoring the structural behaviour and focuses on investigating the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The bridge's dynamic properties were estimated using the output only stochastic subspace identification technique – for which the theory and analysis technique are briefly described – together with more traditional peak picking methods. Natural frequencies of the bridge were identified and verified from a previous study. The obtained frequencies and damping ratios are to be used in updating the developed finite element model. In addition, extreme bridge acceleration values from different train passages were collected and compared with the recommended limit value in bridge design codes.     

移动荷载作用下高速铁路轨道-路基-地基耦合系统振动加速度的空间分布特征

为获得移动荷载引起的加速度的空间分布,基于多尺度和精细化建模技术,建立了350 km/h的双线高速铁路轨道-扣件-轨枕-轨道板-CA砂浆层-底座板-基床表层-基床底层-路基本体-地基为一体的耦合大系统非线性真三维数值分析模型。采用动接触算法模拟底座板底面和基床表层表面之间的动力相互作用,采用三维黏弹性静-动力统一人工边界技术模拟无限地基的辐射阻尼和弹性恢复性能,考虑移动荷载作用前路基中客观的静应力状态对后续动力计算的影响和地基土、路基填筑材料的非线性,借助于大规模并行计算技术,模拟了地基的初始应力场生成、轨道系统和路基的施工过程和随后8辆编组高速动车组的运行过程。基于分析结果,总结了轨道-路基-地基系统各部分的振动加速度在时间和空间上的分布特征,验证了实体单元模拟轨道空间振动响应的优势。     

Vibration reduction of elastically supported beams under moving loads by tuned mass devices

This study is aimed at the physical interpretation of the function of a tuned mass (TM) in suppressing the vibration response of an elastically supported beam to a moving train. The train is simulated as a sequence of moving loads, and the vibration shape of the elastically supported beam is approximated as the combination of a flexural sine mode and a rigid body mode. By distinguishing free vibration from forced vibration, resonance of the beam is identified as the superposition of the free vibrations induced by the moving loads that are in phase. The reverse is also true for the phenomenon of cancellation. Moreover, the mechanism of the TM in reducing the resonant response of the beam to the moving loads can be interpreted using similar concepts. From the parametric study, it is concluded that the use of a mass ratio of 0.01 is most efficient for the TM. To achieve the greatest effect of mitigation, the frequency of the TM should be tuned to that of the elastically supported beam.     

Vibration reduction of elastically supported beams under moving loads by tuned mass devices

This study is aimed at the physical interpretation of the function of a tuned mass (TM) in suppressing the vibration response of an elastically supported beam to a moving train. The train is simulated as a sequence of moving loads, and the vibration shape of the elastically supported beam is approximated as the combination of a flexural sine mode and a rigid body mode. By distinguishing free vibration from forced vibration, resonance of the beam is identified as the superposition of the free vibrations induced by the moving loads that are in phase. The reverse is also true for the phenomenon of cancellation. Moreover, the mechanism of the TM in reducing the resonant response of the beam to the moving loads can be interpreted using similar concepts. From the parametric study, it is concluded that the use of a mass ratio of 0.01 is most efficient for the TM. To achieve the greatest effect of mitigation, the frequency of the TM should be tuned to that of the elastically supported beam.     

Investigation of the vibrational behaviour of a cable-stayed bridge under wind loads

During the design stage of a new traffic bridge of the cable-stayed type an investigation has been carried out to determine the vibrational behaviour of the structure under wind loads. On a two-dimensional model wind tunnel experiments were carried out to establish the flutter stability of the bridge and to determine resonance vibrations due to vortex shedding.During construction of the actual bridge vibration measurements were performed and the wind-induced vibrational behaviour of the structure was observed.