磁电复合材料的制备及研究进展

综述了磁电复合材料的合成工艺和研究现状.磁电复合的基本理论是基于乘积效应的,指出了获得高磁电效应的基本条件.分别详述了包括颗粒复合、粘合层状复合以及纳米复合在内的3种不同复合方式磁电复合材料的制备工艺,讨论了这些磁电复合材料制备方法的优缺点,并对磁电复合材料制备这一研究领域进行了展望.     

片状正交异性压电复合材料的研究

研究了具有压电正交异性特征的片状压电复合材料及其正交异性压电传感元件、驱动元件的构造机理、性能。正交异性压电复合材料在相互垂直的两主方向上呈现出明显的压电特性差异,作为传感元件它能够有效地分解构件中的应力、应变分量,对特定方向上的应力波反应灵敏。作为驱动片,片状正交异性压电复合材料在相互垂直的两主方向表现出相反的变形,该特性符合一般工程材料的变形规律。片状正交异性压电复合材料所具有的上述优越性可使得它们在自诊断、自适应智能结构中发挥更加重要和广泛的作用。     

CaCu3Ti4O12/NiCuZn铁氧体基磁电复合材料研究

将CCTO(CaCu3Ti4O12)与NiCuZn铁氧体进行复合,系统地研究了组分变化对这种新型磁电复合材料的烧结性能、晶相结构、显微结构和磁电性能的影响。随后,为了实现复合材料的低温烧结以及综合考虑复相陶瓷的磁电性能,选取80%(质量分数,下同)NiCuZn铁氧体/20%CCTO组分,以BBSZ(Bi2O3-H3BO3-SiO2-ZnO)玻璃作为助熔剂,研究了CCTO/NiCuZn铁氧体基复合材料的烧结行为和磁电性能。结果表明,掺杂BBSZ后,900℃下烧结的所有样品的密度均达到了复相陶瓷理论密度的95%,且复相陶瓷的介电常数和磁导率在1～30 MHz范围内均不依赖于频率的变化。在10 MHz的频率下,当BBSZ的含量从0增加到3%时,复相陶瓷磁导率μ从13.2增加到47.9,磁损耗tanδμ从0.022下降到0.017,同时,样品的谐振频率从109Hz左右移动到3.2×108Hz。相应地,复相陶瓷的介电常数ε从9.2增加到16,介电损耗tanδε从0.069下降到0.012。这一优异的整体性能使其有望实际应用。     

AlN/FeCoSiB磁电复合薄膜的制备及其逆磁电效应研究

借助射频磁控溅射成功制备了AlN/FeCoSiB磁电复合薄膜, 探讨了退火条件对AlN薄膜压电性能和FeCoSiB薄膜磁性能的影响, 并研究了其逆磁电响应。结果显示, 500℃退火处理的AlN薄膜具有高度(002)择优取向和柱状生长结构; 经过300℃退火后FeCoSiB薄膜的磁场灵敏度提高。该磁电复合薄膜的逆磁电电压系数(α_CME)在偏置磁场(H_dc)为875 A/m时达到最大值62.5 A/(m·V); 且磁感应强度(B)随交变电压(V_ac)的变化呈现优异的线性响应(线性度达到1.3%)。这种AlN/FeCoSiB磁电复合薄膜在磁场或电场探测领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of Electric Field on the Response of Clamped-FreeMagnetostrictive/Piezoelectric/Magnetostrictive Laminates

This work deals with the response of clamped-free magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive laminates under electric field both numerically and experimentally. The laminate is fabricated using two magnetostrictive Terfenol-D layers and a soft piezoelectric PZT layer. Easy axis of Terfenol-D layers is length direction, while the polarization of PZT layer is the thickness direction. The magnetostriction of the Terfenol-D layers bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the PZT layer is first measured. Next, a nonlinear finite element analysis is employed to evaluate the second-order magnetoelastic constants in the Terfenol-D layers bonded to the PZT layer using measured data. The induced magnetic field and internal stresses for the laminates under electric field parallel to the poling are then calculated and discussed in detail. In addition, the induced magnetic field is measured, and test results are presented to validate the predictions.     

FeGa/BTO/FeGa层状复合结构中的磁电效应

采用区域熔炼法制备了FeGa磁致伸缩材料并测量了其磁致伸缩性能.利用该材料制备了FeGa/BTO/FeGa层状复合结构,并对该样品的磁电性能进行了系统研究.结果表明,该材料在共振频率95kHz下,磁电性能高于低频下性能7～10倍.磁电电压随直流偏磁场的变化发生明显变化,出现5.97×104A/m的优化偏置场,这主要是由FeGa层的压磁系数q随偏磁场的变化所致.3层复合材料的磁电系数与交流驱动场变化呈线性关系.另外,较薄的BTO压电层可以提高压应力,从而获得较高的磁电性能.     

铌酸钾钠/铁酸钴铜多铁性磁电复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过固相法制备了(1–x)(0.9462K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.0498LiSbO3-0.004BiFeO3)-xCo0.85Cu0.15Fe2O4((1–x)(KNN-LS-BFO)-xCCFO)(x=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5)复合多铁性磁电陶瓷.XRD分析表明:烧结后的样品为复合的钙钛矿和尖晶石结构,没有发现杂相产生.SEM照片显示KNN-LS-BFO晶粒生长完好尺寸较大,而CCFO晶粒尺寸较小.当x从0.1增加到0.5时,复合材料的压电系数从120 pC/N减小到33 pC/N,而饱和磁化强度和剩磁增加,饱和磁致伸缩系数从18×10–6增加到51.5×10–6左右.材料的磁电耦合系数随着外磁场的增加先增大到极大值后再减小;当交变磁场频率为1 kHz,x=0.3时材料的磁电电压系数达到最大值20.6 mV/A.     

夹心复合压电陶瓷的介电响应

夹心复合压电陶瓷由多孔陶瓷及其上下两层致密陶瓷组成。本工作研究了这种夹心复合压电陶瓷在100Hz～1000MHz 范围内的室温介电响应。这种材料在数百兆赫时出现介电弛豫,频响特性符合 Jonscher 提出的普适介电定律,介电指数 n 和 m 与多孔陶瓷的气孔率有关。经人工极化的样品,介电频响曲线上出现另外两处反常变化,分别相应于径向振动和厚度伸缩振动的贡献。     

压电/磁致伸缩/环氧树脂层合复合材料的磁电效应及其频响特性

磁电复合材料在磁-电能量转换等领域具有重要的潜在应用价值, 研究磁电复合材料在较高频率下的磁电耦合特性对于实际应用具有重要意义。本文中以0-3型的Terfenol-D(Tb_0.30Dy_0.70Fe₂)/环氧树脂复合材料为磁致伸缩层, 以PZT 压电陶瓷为压电层, 制备了三明治结构的层合磁电复合材料。研究了Terfenol-D/环氧树脂复合材料层的磁致伸缩性质, 并对所制备的层合磁电复合材料磁通密度、 介电常数以及磁电电压系数等随频率和偏磁场的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明, 由于Terfenol-D/环氧树脂复合材料的引入, 层合磁电复合材料呈现出良好的频率响应特性, 可靠工作范围大大拓宽。层合磁电复合材料具有优良的动态磁电耦合性能, 在优化偏磁场630 Oe和共振频率69.6kHz下的磁电效应高达21.2 V/cmOe。此外, 层合磁电复合材料的磁电效应随偏磁场的变化发生明显变化, 并存在优化偏磁场。对上述现象和结果进行了详细讨论, 并给出了层合磁电复合材料的磁电耦合机制。      

压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的制备工艺及其性能研究进展

本文首先介绍了压电材料的种类和基本性能,然后介绍了在不同的应用背景下压电陶瓷／聚合物复合材料的十种连通方式,综述了这类压电材料的制备工艺,较全面地总结了前人对这类压电材料的性能研究工作,展望了这类压电材料的应用前景和发展方向     

Resonant Magnetoelectric Effect with Strongly Nonlinear Magneto-Elastic Coupling in Magnetoelectric Laminate Composites

Considering the complex strongly nonlinear coupling characteristic of the magnetostrictive strain and magnetization under the excitation of the bias magnetic field and the pre-stress in the giant magnetostrictive material, this paper adopts the nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model and the equivalent circuit method to establish a strongly nonlinear resonant magnetoelectric (ME) effect theoretical model for the ME laminate composites compounding by the giant magnetostrictive material and the piezoelectric material. For the L-T mode magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive (MPM) ME laminate, the predicted results coincide well with the experiment results of the resonant frequency and the resonant ME field coefficient varying with the external magnetic field when the pre-stress degenerates to zero in our model. The agreement indicates the proposed theoretical model validity. On the basis, we use the theoretical model to forecast the varying characteristic of the resonant ME field coefficient and the resonant frequency effect under the influence of the different bias magnetic field and the pre-stress in ME laminate composites. And we also predict that the resonant ME coefficient and the resonant frequency appear "reversal" with the pre-stress increasing. After that, the influence of the different volume ratio on the ME effect and resonant frequency is analyzed. Particularly, a resonant frequency value not influenced by the volume ratio with increasing bias magnetic or pre-stress occurs. This research can provide theory basis for improving the resonant ME conversion performance and for controlling the resonant frequency under the excitation of the bias conditions (i.e. the bias magnetic field and the pre-stress) for the ME devices (i.e. sensor, transducer, microwave device and so on).     

压电陶瓷复合材料振动发电研究

根据仿真设计和计算结果,制备了悬臂梁结构压电陶瓷复合材料,并考察了其振动发电性能。对复合材料的内外阻抗进行匹配,获得了最大的功率输出并在最佳阻抗匹配条件下,研究了振动发电性能与激励振幅和频率的关系。研究结果表明,压电复合材料的振动发电功率随着激励振幅的增大呈二阶增大,随着激励频率的增大呈线性增大。     

A Review on Piezoelectric,Magnetostrictive, and Magnetoelectric Materials and Device Technologies for Energy Harvesting Applications

In the coming era of the internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor networks that monitor, detect, and gather data will play a crucial role in advancements in public safety, human healthcare, industrial automation, and energy management. Batteries are currently the power source of choice for operating wireless network devices due to their ease of installation; however, they require periodic replacement due to capacity limitations. Within the scope of the IoT, battery maintenance of the trillion sensor nodes that may be implemented will be practically infeasible from environmental, resource, and labor cost perspectives. In considering individual self‐powered sensor nodes, the idea of harvesting energy from ambient vibrations, heat, and electromagnetic waves has recently triggered noticeable research interest in the academic community. This paper gives an overview of energy harvesting materials and systems. Three main categories are presented: piezoelectric ceramics/polymers, magnetostrictive alloys, and magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic composites. State‐of‐the‐art harvesting materials and structures are presented with a focus on characterization, fabrication, modeling and simulation, and durability and reliability. Some perspectives and challenges for the future development of energy harvesting materials are also highlighted.

     

Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamic Responses of Beams Laminated with Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators

This paper presents some simulation results of nonlinear dynamic responses for a laminated composite beam embedded by actuators of the giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D) subjected to external magnetic fields, where the giant magnetostrictive materials utilizing the realignment of magnetic moments in response to applied magnetic fields generate nonlinear strains and forces significantly larger than those generated by other smart materials. To utilize the full potential application of the materials in the function and safety designs, e.g., active control of vibrations, the analysis of dynamic responses is requested in the designs as accurately as possible on the basis of those inherent nonlineary constitutive relations among stain, force and applied magnetic field existed in the materials. Here, a numerical code for the nonlinear vibration of laminated beams is proposed on the basis of a nonlinearly coupling constitutive model which fully behaves for the characteristics what are measured in experiments. It is found from this code that the natural frequency of the laminated beams changes with both the bias magnetic field and the pre-stresses, and the dynamic responses excited by an alternating magnetic field of simple harmonic form display strong nonlinear characteristics, for example, the frequency multiplication and the ultraharmonic resonance phenomena.     

ZnO/PVDF压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用超声模板法制备了平行束状纳米ZnO晶须,将其与压电高聚物PVDF复合,用热压法制备六种含平行晶须状纳米ZnO不同质量分数与不同形态、尺寸的ZnO的ZnO/PVDF复合材料。经取向、极化后对其结构、形态及介电性和压电性能进行了系统测试。结果表明:尺寸与形态对压电复合材料的影响极大,球型、准球型、四针状纳米ZnO和非纳米ZnO与无定型PVDF复合,虽经同样条件极化处理,并无压电性能产生。与传统观念不同,即使主体为PVDF,但随着平行晶须状纳米ZnO含量的增加,电性能参数呈非线性增大,在ZnO含量仅为15%左右时就产生了复合材料介电常数ε和压电常数d33值的转折性突跃,与单一压电高聚物材料相比显著增加,且极化性能得到明显提高。