19英寸显示器110°矩形偏转线圈的设计

设计了用于 19英寸显示器、具有 110°偏转角的一种新型的矩形偏转线圈。这种矩形偏转线圈可节省偏转能量 ,提高偏转灵敏度。由于采用了一种简单新颖的设计方法 ,不仅避免了复杂的三维电磁场计算和优化 ,而且还可利用现有的旋转对称偏转线圈的计算结果 ,因此可节省大量的时间。文中给出了相应的设计结果。结果表明 ,采用该方法所设计的新型矩形偏转线圈具有很好的偏转性能 ,进一步证明了所用方法是一种行之有效的方法。该方法不仅可用于非旋转对称矩形线圈的设计 ,而且还可用于其它的电磁场问题。     

内偏转彩色显像管

对内偏转彩色显像管技术进行了详细论述。分析了材料的真空放气特性对阴极寿命的影响。由于偏转线圈放在管内，不能用传统的管球与线圈装配程序进行装配。为了得到好的着屏和会聚质量，设计了特殊的装配步骤。给出了１４英寸和２１英寸电视机（ＴＶＴｓ）用以及２１英寸彩色监视器（ＣＭＴｓ）用内偏转管的分析测试结果。     

磁导率对偏转系统的影响分析

应用ＥＭＡＳ和ＤＵＥＭＡＳ软件对偏转磁芯材料的磁导率对偏转系统的影响进行了计算分析。计算结果表明，当磁性材料的相对磁导率大于３００时，磁导率对偏转电流的影响小于０．６％，对磁滞损耗的影响小于１％，因此在磁性材料的选择中不必过分要求高的磁导率，而应在降低磁滞损耗上努力。     

光热偏转薄膜热导测试系统及其应用

根据光热偏转光谱（ＰＴＤＳ）原理，研制成功光热偏转法薄膜热导测试系统，对大量试样进行了测量，结果同文献参考值符合较好，测量重复精度优于５０％，为材料科学有关热性质的研究，特别是有关光热偏转薄膜热导率的研究提供了有力的检测手段，为研制高质量金刚石薄膜提供了依据。     

一种快速有限单元法及其在三维磁场计算机中的应用

针对大容量三维磁场的计算机模拟提出了一种快速有限单元法，通过用索引的方式进行刚度矩阵的计算与存储，大大节省了计算所需内存，采用超松驰迭代法进行求解，在大容量方程组的求解上大大快于上下三角（LU）分解法，提高了计算容量和计算速度，并成功地应用于三维偏转磁场的模拟计算。     

内偏转彩色显像管

对内偏转彩色显像管技术进行了详细论述。分析了材料的真空放气特性对阴极寿命的影响。由于偏转线圈放在管内 ,不能用传统的管球与线圈装配程序进行装配。为了得到好的着屏和会聚质量 ,设计了特殊的装配步骤。给出了 14英寸和 2 1英寸电视机 (TVTs)用以及 2 1英寸彩色监视器 (CMTs)用内偏转管的分析测试结果。     

偏转磁场中HZ分量对偏转像差的影响

对不同张角的一组偏转线圈的ＨＺ分量对偏转像差的影响进行了计算分析。结果表明，在应用偏转磁场的解析式进行偏转像差分析时，偏转磁场的ＨＺ含量是必须考虑的，这个分量对偏转像差和Ｔｒｉｌｅｍｍａ常数，偏转像差的校正和优化场分布产生十分大的影响。     

SiCw/ZrO2(6mol%Y2O3)陶瓷中晶须增韧的数值模型

ＳｉＣｗ／ＺｒＯ２（６ｍｏｌ％Ｙ２Ｏ３）陶瓷的实验研究表明，晶须桥联和裂纹偏转是其主要增韧机制。在两种机制协同增韧的基础上，建立了晶须增韧的数值模型，对材料的于点弯曲断裂过程的计算结果表明：载荷／位移曲线呈锯齿状，是由于晶须桥联作用使得裂纹扩展与停止这一过程反复出现而引起的，；随晶须含量增加，复合材料韧性提高，晶须桥联和裂纹偏转两种增韧贡献都增加，但是占主层地位的增韧机制由裂纹偏转机制逐步过渡到裂     

SiC_w/ZrO_2(6mol%Y_2O_3)陶瓷中晶须增韧的数值模型

SiCw／ZrO2（6mol％Y2O3）陶瓷的实验研究表明，晶须桥联和裂纹偏转是其主要增韧机制在两种机制协同增韧的基础上，建立了晶须增韧的数值模型，对材料的三点弯曲断裂过程的计算结果表明：载荷／位移曲线呈锯齿状，是由于晶须桥联作用使得裂纹扩展与停止这一过程反复出现而引起的；随晶须含量增加，复合材料韧性提高，晶须桥联和裂纹偏转两种增韧贡献都增加，但是占主导地位的增韧机制由裂纹偏转机制逐步过渡到裂纹桥联机制．计算结果与材料的测试结果很吻合．     

减小磁滞损耗的偏转磁芯设计

本通过对偏转磁芯用的铁氧体材料的磁滞损耗特性的分析，提出了通过改变偏转磁芯外表面形状以减小磁滞损耗的方法。优化计算结果表明，对于Philips 17″CMT的3C2材料5mm壁厚的磁芯，改用椭圆外表面的磁芯后，磁滞损耗降低了27.5％。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from