高温喷丸对Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金显微组织和性能的影响

为提高Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的高温性能和疲劳寿命,采用不同种类弹丸及不同喷丸温度对Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金进行表面喷丸处理。通过分析喷丸后显微组织和硬度的变化,研究了弹丸种类和喷丸温度对钛铝合金表面性能的影响。结果表明:相同喷丸温度下,合金经陶瓷喷丸处理后,表面较平滑,缺陷少,硬度适中。在陶瓷喷丸条件下,随喷丸温度升高,喷丸强化层塑性变形量增加,喷丸温度为675℃时显微硬度获得最大值500 HV0.2,综合喷丸效果最佳。675℃陶瓷喷丸合金经700~800℃×150 h保温处理后,显微硬度变化不大,即热稳定性满足应用要求。     

TA18钛合金热氧化对硬度的影响研究

选用TA18钛合金为研究材料,在箱式电阻炉中进行相同时间(210 min)、不同温度(500~850℃)的热氧化处理;进行相同温度(700℃)、不同时间(60~600 min)的热氧化处理,考察热氧化时间对TA18合金硬度的影响规律。结果表明:800℃是TA18热氧化的分界线,低于此温度,硬度随温度的升高而增大,高于此温度,硬度随温度的升高而降低;热氧化参数对截面硬度的影响不明显。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金表面渗层制备及空蚀性能研究

目的利用化学热处理对钛合金表面进行扩渗处理,制备硬质表面渗层,以提高钛合金抗空蚀能力。方法采用氮气气氛下渗铝工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金退火试样进行表面处理,获得硬质表面渗层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和显微硬度计表征分析表面渗层的物相组成、微观结构、元素分布及力学性能。利用超声波振动空蚀试验机,按照ASTM G32标准,测试表面渗层在去离子水中的空蚀性能,并结合空蚀后表面形貌和元素分布,研究分析其空蚀机理。结果扩渗处理在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面生成了具有较高显微硬度的表面渗层,其由最外面的化合物层和内部的扩散层构成。在1023 K温度下处理1 h的试样,其表面渗层均匀、致密、无微裂纹,在去离子水中空蚀12 h的累积质量损失最小,为未处理试样的18%,抗空蚀性能最好。随着处理时间的延长和处理温度的升高,渗层表面变得不平整,且表面凸出的硬质陶瓷颗粒物增多。硬质陶瓷颗粒物虽显著增加试样的显微硬度,但易诱发空泡生成,使抗空蚀性能变差。结论氮气下渗铝处理在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面获得的表面渗层可以改善合金的抗空蚀性能,而表面凸出的大小不均的硬质陶瓷颗粒物使表面渗层的抗空蚀性能减弱。     

退火温度对MAO-TC4钛合金表面组织及腐蚀性能的影响

通过微弧氧化技术(Micro-arc oxidation, MAO)对TC4合金进行表面处理,随后采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、硬度测试以及电化学腐蚀等方法研究不同退火温度下MAO-TC4合金的表面氧化膜层形貌、厚度、硬度、相结构以及电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,MAO-TC4合金表面氧化膜层的显微硬度亦随之增大,当退火温度为850 ℃时,其最高显微硬度为592 HV0.2。450~850 ℃退火温度范围内,随退火温度升高,MAO-TC4合金的膜层耐腐蚀性先增加后降低;当退火温度为650 ℃时,膜层的自腐蚀电流密度为0.125 μA/cm²,耐腐蚀性能最佳。     

一种新型钛基钎料合金对γ-TiAl合金的钎焊性

在钎焊温度范围为1050 ~ 1125 ℃下保温10 min,采用非晶Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo钎料成功地实现了Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B (原子分数,%)合金钎焊连接. 运用SEM,EDS,XRD,TEM和维氏硬度仪等分析研究了铸态和箔带钎料显微组织、温度(900 ~ 1125 ℃)和保温时间(0 ~ 15 min)对铸态钎料在TiAl基合金表面上润湿铺展面积的影响,以及钎焊接头中界面显微组织和维氏硬度在不同钎焊温度下的变化规律. 结果表明,随着温度和保温时间的增加,铸态钎料在TiAl合金母材表面润湿铺展面积的增幅先增大后减小. 钎焊接头界面组织主要包括TiAl母材层,α₂-Ti₃Al+AlCuTi (层Ⅰ)和γ-(Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu)+α-(Ti, Zr)(层Ⅱ). 钎缝中各区域的硬度均随着钎焊温度的增加而增加,1125 ℃时获得最大值为872(±8) HV,主要与钎缝中生成的硬脆金属间化合物(Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu)和α₂-Ti₃Al有关.     

生物医用Ti-Nb-(Ta)-Zr合金的微观结构与性能

采用显微硬度测试、X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微镜观察等方法,研究不同热处理后生物医用Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金和Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金的显微硬度变化及微观组织特征,揭示Ta元素的添加对合金微观结构、时效析出序列及性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金比Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金具有更明显的时效强化效果;固溶处理(ST)后经300和600℃时效处理,Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr合金的时效析出顺序可以描述为β+α″(ST)300℃→β+α600℃→β+α+等温ω,而Ti-35Nb-7Zr合金的时效析出顺序为β+α″+淬火ω(ST)300℃→β+α+等温ω600℃→β+α;Ta元素的添加抑制固溶处理过程中淬火ω相的析出,提高时效过程中等温ω相的析出温度。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金渗氮层的生物腐蚀行为

采用真空感应快速渗氮技术对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行表面渗氮,将渗氮前后的试样置于SBF溶液中探究其耐蚀性。利用维氏硬度计、光学显微镜、电化学工作站、光学3D表面轮廓仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对渗氮层进行测量和观察。试验结果表明:820 ℃下对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行真空感应渗氮处理后,渗氮层厚度达20 μm,其氮化物层硬度得到明显提高。同时,经过感应渗氮处理后样品的表面粗糙度增加。电化学试验表明经感应渗氮后Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的耐蚀性明显增强。     

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti-22Al-27(Nb, Zr) Alloys

研究了Ti2Al Nb基合金Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr(x=0,1,6,at%)在650~800℃的氧化行为。采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对此温度区间形成的氧化层特征进行了分析。结果表明,相比Ti-22Al-27Nb,含锆合金具有较好的抗氧化性能。Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr合金在650℃氧化100 h,主要氧化产物为Ti O2,而在800℃氧化100 h,Ti O2,Al2O3和Al Nb O4为主要产物,但是在Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金中还有Zr O2生成。Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr合金具有优异抗氧化性能,归因于氧化产物细化形成了致密的氧化层,而Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金,虽然在800℃也形成了较多Al2O3,但是氧化层中的Zr O2为氧的快速扩散提供通道,进而导致该合金氧化增重明显。     

Ti-22Al-27(Nb,Zr)合金的高温氧化行为（英文）

研究了Ti2Al Nb基合金Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr(x=0,1,6,at%)在650~800℃的氧化行为。采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对此温度区间形成的氧化层特征进行了分析。结果表明,相比Ti-22Al-27Nb,含锆合金具有较好的抗氧化性能。Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr合金在650℃氧化100 h,主要氧化产物为Ti O2,而在800℃氧化100 h,Ti O2,Al2O3和Al Nb O4为主要产物,但是在Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金中还有Zr O2生成。Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr合金具有优异抗氧化性能,归因于氧化产物细化形成了致密的氧化层,而Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金,虽然在800℃也形成了较多Al2O3,但是氧化层中的Zr O2为氧的快速扩散提供通道,进而导致该合金氧化增重明显。     

热氧化处理对钛合金表面耐磨性能影响的研究

为研究热氧化工艺对钛合金表面耐磨性的影响,提高钛合金的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用热氧化处理技术在钛合金表面生成热氧化陶瓷层,借助电子探针、X衍射仪对热氧化层进行了成分和结构分析.采用MRH-3型高速滑块磨损试验机,在润滑务件下对经热氧化处理和未处理的Ti6Al4V合金耐磨性进行滑动一滚动试验.结果表明:热氧化后的Ti6Al4V合金的磨损量明显减少,该热氧化处理方法能显著增强Ti6Al4V合金的耐磨性.根据试验结果和系统分析,讨论了热氧化处理后材料的摩擦磨损机制.     

Comparative In Vitro Study of Ti-12V-9Sn Shape Memory Alloy with C.P. Ti and Ti-12V Alloy for Potential Biomedical Application

The microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrochemical behavior of Ti-12V-9Sn shape memory alloy were investigated, with commercial pure titanium (C.P. Ti) and Ti-12V alloy as controls. The metastable β phase was partially retained and α″ martensite phase was obtained in Ti-12V-9Sn alloy, whereas only martensitic phases (α′ and α″) existed in Ti-12V alloy at room temperature. Ti-12V-9Sn alloy exhibited a good combination of strength and elongation, which showed a “double yield” feature, along with a complete shape recovery strain of 4%. The electrochemical measurements indicated that all of the experimental samples exhibited excellent corrosion resistance in the artificial saliva with and without 0.2% NaF, among which Ti-12V-9Sn alloy possessed the lowest corrosion current density in both kinds of simulated body fluids.     

纳米化对Cu-20Zr合金腐蚀行为的改善

利用磁控溅射技术制备纳米晶Cu-20Zr(mass%)薄膜,用动电位极化法、电化学阻抗法对比研究了溅射Cu-20Zr纳米晶薄膜与铸态Cu-20Zr合金在0.1 mol/L HCl溶液中的耐蚀特性差异.腐蚀后样品的表面形貌及电化学分析表明,纳米化改善了Cu-Zr合金的耐蚀性能.在Zr优先溶解时,纳米晶薄膜中Zr的低活性和表面形成的富Cu层以及Cu、Zr同时溶解时腐蚀产物膜的形成是提高纳米晶Cu-20Zr在HCl水溶液中耐蚀性的重要原因.     

Ti60合金表面电弧离子镀Ti-Al-Cr(Si,Y)防护涂层的热腐蚀行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在Ti60合金表面制备了Ti-48%Al-12%Cr(0.2%Si,0.1%Y,原子分数)防护涂层.利用XRD,SEM和EDS研究了Ti60合金及Ti-Al-Cr(Si,Y)涂层在Na_2SO_4和75%Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4(质量分数)中800及850℃下的热腐蚀行为.结果表明,Ti60合金基体在800和850℃的硫酸盐中发生了严重的腐蚀,腐蚀产物发生了明显剥落.涂层样品在800和850℃的硫酸盐腐蚀介质中,表面形成了保护性的氧化膜,可以有效地保护Ti60合金免受腐蚀破坏.Ti60合金及涂层样品在75%Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4混合硫酸盐中的腐蚀比在纯K_2SO_4中剧烈.Si和Y元素的加入使得Ti-Al-Cr-Si和Ti-Al-Cr-Si-Y涂层在硫酸盐中抗热腐蚀性能优于Ti-Al-Cr涂层.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Ti-20Zr alloy in undoped and NaF doped artificial saliva

The corrosion behavior of a new, advanced Ti-20Zr alloy with α+β microstructure (determined by optical microscopy, XRD, and SEM) and very good mechanical properties (obtained from the stress-strain curve) is studied in this paper. The composition of the alloy native passive film was determined from a XPS analysis and the long-term corrosion resistance in undoped and doped states with 0.05M NaF artificial Carter-Brugirard saliva of different pH values, simulating the severe functional conditions of a dental implant, was analyzed by electrochemical methods. This alloy possesses an advantageous balance between good mechanical resistance and plasticity and Young’s modulus and exhibits more favorable electrochemical parameters and corrosion resistance than CP Ti due to its more resistant passive layer containing Ti₂O₃, TiO₂, and ZrO₂ protective oxides. After 1000 h of immersion in saliva, the protective properties of the alloy were enhanced due to the deposited surface layer that incorporated protective phosphates (shown by SEM and XPS).     

Al2O3-TiO2复相陶瓷涂层在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为

目的分析研究Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动铅铋合金中的耐腐蚀行为。方法以纯Ti粉末、Fe Al粉末、CrFe粉末为原料制得复合粉末,在CLAM钢基材表面上采用热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺制备了Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层。试样在500℃,流速为0.3 m/s的液态铅铋合金中进行了时长1000 h的动态腐蚀实验,分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析测试手段对涂层试样在动态LBE中的耐腐蚀行为进行了研究表征。结果在CLAM钢基材表面制备的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层表面形貌整体较腐蚀前仍保持完好,涂层物相成分保持稳定,截面分析显示铅铋合金在腐蚀过程在涂层中未见渗透;而没有涂层保护的CLAM钢基材在腐蚀后表面发生明显的氧化腐蚀现象,生成结构疏松的Fe3O4氧化层,铅铋合金在氧化层中有扩散分布。结论通过火焰热喷涂-激光原位合成复合工艺在CLAM钢表面制备得到的Al_2O_3-TiO_2复相陶瓷涂层在高温流动的铅铋合金腐蚀条件下组织结构稳定,具有良好的适用性,能有效地阻止高温流动铅铋合金对CLAM钢基体材料的腐蚀。     

Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy for biomedical application

We have fabricated a new β metastable titanium alloy that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr. Ingot with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr is prepared by melting pure metals in a vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace. The alloy is then homogenized and solution treated under different temperature. The alloy is characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and found to have an acicular martensitic α″ + β structure and dominant β phase for the 1053 K and 1133 K solution treatment samples, respectively. The elastic modulus of the latter is about 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, it had moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show better mechanical biocompatibility of this alloy, which will avoid stress shielding and thus prevent bone resorption in orthopedic implants applications. As long-term stability in biological environment is required, we have also evaluated the electrochemical behavior in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). Potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibits that the 1133 K solution treatment Ti-12Mo-5Zr sample has better corrosion properties than Ti-6Al-4V and is comparable to the pure titanium. The good corrosion resistance combined with better mechanical biocompatibility makes the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy suitable for use as orthopedic implants.     

Ti-Zr-Be-Cu-Co块体非晶合金形成能力及其耐蚀性的研究

采用磁控溅射法制备Dyx(Co21Cu79)100-x(x=0,4,8,9,12,14)颗粒膜.XRD结果表明:添加稀土元素Dy将促进CoCu过饱和固溶体分解,此外Dy元素还具有细化晶粒的作用.磁电阻测试发现:随着Dy含量的增加,Dyx(Co21Cu79)100-x薄膜的电阻逐渐增大,而薄膜的巨磁电阻(GMR)值先升后降,当退火温度Ta=425℃时,Dy4(Co21Cu79)96薄膜的GMR值达到最大,为-4.68％.薄膜的磁滞回线表明:矫顽力Hc随退火温度的升高逐渐增大,随Dy含量的增加,却单调减小.     

Comparison between corrosion behaviour of implant alloys Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al4Zr in artificial saliva

The present paper investigates two different titanium alloys: Ti6Al7Nb – a well‐established implant biomaterial and Ti6Al4Zr – a relatively new titanium alloy. Roughness is evaluated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance by contact angle measurements. Furthermore, an extensive characterization was done in order to evaluate and compare the electrochemical behaviour for both titanium alloys in artificial Fusayama and Afnor saliva, at different immersion times, and consisted of Tafel plots, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, metals ions release was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). In both studied artificial saliva, Ti6Al4Zr alloy presents a better electrochemical behaviour according to corrosion rates from both electrochemical techniques and ICP‐MS.     

TC4合金热氧化行为的研究

为提高钛合金的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用表面改性热氧化技术在钛合金表面自生成陶瓷层。用金相显微镜及粗糙度测试仪研究了氧化膜的表面形貌,用显微硬度计分析了试样表面的硬度情况,电子探针研究了涂层成分沿断面分布的情况。结果表明：高温钛合金的氧化层由TiO2和其外表面的一薄层Al2O3所组成,使表面的硬度得到显著的提高。     

Effect of enamel coating on long-term oxidation and hot corrosion behavior of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloys

The effect of enamel coating on long-term isothermal oxidation at 700 ℃ and cyclic oxidation at 800 ℃ in air and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0. 5Mo in 75% (Na2SO4 K2SO4 ) 25% NaCl (mass fraction) molten mixed salts at 700 ℃ was investigated. The results indicate that Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloy exhibits relatively poor long-term oxidation resistance due to the formation of Al2O3 TiO2 Nb2O5 mixed scales and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spallation of scales formed in molten (Ns, K)2 SO4 NaCl. Enamel coating can effectively protect Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloy from long-term oxidation at high temperature in air and remarkably improve the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0. 5Mo alloy, and can act as the barrier to suppress the migration of oxygen and corrosive ions into the substrate.