内爆炸环境下舱室壁面压力测试方法

针对内爆炸热、振动干扰壁面压力测量的问题,提出了一种内爆炸环境下舱室壁面压力测试方法。对于热影响,采用一种热隔离装置,并在其中涂抹隔热油脂,降低热对传感器的影响。对于结构振动影响,采取一种隔振安装结构,抑制壁面振动向传感器的传递,并对该方法进行分析与试验验证。结果表明,该方法能够有效降低热、振动对压力测试的影响,提高压力测试精度,适用于内爆炸环境下的舱室壁面冲击波压力测试。     

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor with temperature compensation

A diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor with two bare FBGs directly bonded on a circular diaphragm along the radial direction has been proposed and studied. Measurement principle and simulation analysis of the pressure sensor are introduced. Using the wavelength shift difference of the two FBGs which respectively measure the positive and negative strain as sensing signal, the pressure sensitivity is increased and the temperature cross-sensitivity is compensated. Experimental results indicate that the measurement sensitivity is 1.57 pm/kPa in a range from 0 to 1 MPa, the correlative coefficient reaches 99.996%, and the temperature compensation performance is distinct. This kind of pressure sensor could be used to measure and monitor the static/dynamic pressure of gas or liquid.     

光纤光栅用于低阻抗材料动态性能测试的研究

光纤Bragg光栅用于材料性能测试是一个重要的研究方向。本文介绍了基于分离式霍布金逊压杆(SHPB)的低阻抗材料动态性能测试的原理;探讨了光纤光栅传感器用于SHPB实验装置中应变测试的相关问题;推导了低阻抗弹性杆中传播的应力波σ与光纤光栅传感器的波长漂移量ΔλB之间的关系式;构建了光纤光栅高频动态应变测试系统,对SHPB实验装置中被撞击弹性杆的表面应变进行了测试,并与现有仪器进行了对比;实验结果显示,构建的光纤光栅动态应变测试系统在10KHz的频率范围内,具有40dB的信噪比;研究表明,光纤光栅在低阻抗材料的动态性能测试中具有很好的应用前景。     

An ultra-high pressure sensor with cylinder structure

Based on strain-resistance effect, an ultra-high pressure sensor has been developed with the range of 0–500 MPa. It is mainly composed of the elastic element and sensitive element. This sensor’s range is determined by the elastic element’s structure and material. In order to endure the ultra-high pressure, the elastic element’s material is selected as spring steel, and its structures are analyzed and simulated. After that, the metal strain gauge as the sensitive element is packaged on the elastic element. Then the sensor is developed after some compensation processes are carried out. In the end, the sensor is calibrated. The results show that the sensor has good performance, such as the accuracy of 0.35%FS, which meets the requirements of aerospace, weapons and other fields.     

基于赝电容的高线性度柔性压力传感器研究

基于可逆氧化还原反应的赝电容式柔性压力传感器具备高灵敏性能,可用于微弱压力检测,然而,目前赝电容式柔性压 力传感器线性度较差,只能在有限压力区间内保持较高灵敏度。 为此,本文利用 MXene 材料作为电极,设计了一种内部具有孔 隙且表面粗糙的双尺度随机微结构离子凝胶膜,增加了其压缩过程中的缓冲空间,使凝胶膜应力变形更加均匀,确保了灵敏度 在受压过程中保持稳定。 实验数据表明,传感器在 0 ~ 1 MPa 范围内具有超高的线性度(相关系数 ~ 0. 994),优异的灵敏度 ( ~ 2 133. 7 kPa -1 )、快速的响应和恢复时间(分别为~15 和~23 ms),较低的检测限( ~ 2. 5 Pa)和优异的机械稳定性。 将传感器 用于水下,可高线性检测水深,同时传感器可以高灵敏检测到不同水深下螺旋桨扰动产生的微弱水流变化。     

可穿戴式电子织物仿生皮肤设计与应用研究

为满足电子仿生皮肤的穿戴舒适度,提出了一种电容式柔性织物压力传感器,采用丝网印刷工艺,以织物为柔性基体,炭黑填充型复合弹性电介质和有机硅导电银胶制备柔性压敏触觉单元。介绍了压敏单元的结构设计与感知机理,研究了炭黑含量与温度对织物触觉单元性能的影响,改善了该电子织物的输出线性度与重复性,实现了0~700 k Pa量程范围迟滞误差为5.6%,动态响应时间为89 ms,灵敏度为0.025 36%/KPa,同时,引入温度补偿以提升触觉感知准确性。通过将织物压敏单元应用于足底压力信息的时空分布研究和机械手的软抓取实验,其足底压力分布及触觉感知实验结果表明,该电容式柔性织物压力传感器具有良好的工作稳定性与触觉感知功能,为可穿戴式人工皮肤的研究提供了一种设计方案。     

一种增大夏克-哈特曼波前传感器动态测量范围的方法

夏克-哈特曼波前传感器(HS)所能测量的最大波前起伏称为HS的动态测量范围,它受限于微透镜的f数, f数越大,HS的灵敏度越高,而动态测量范围越小,反之亦然。本文介绍了一种软件处理办法,这里称之为外推法,通过这种方法,在不改变HS灵敏度的同时,又可以获得大的动态范围,并且不需对夏克-哈特曼波前传感器做任何结构上的改动。文中给出了外推法的工作原理,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Dynamic calibration method of high-pressure transducer based on quasi-δ function excitation source

This paper presents a dynamic calibration method of frequency response characteristics of high-pressure sensor. In this method, the pressure sensor was under high hydrostatic pressure in advance, then use the bullet impacted Hopkinson bar and generated quasi-δ function signal with small amplitude, which excited the sensor being calibrated. The excitation signal of sensor are collected, at the same time, output signal of the sensor are collected, and at last, the collected data are processed according to calibration principle and calculated the frequency response of the sensor being calibrated. This calibration method realized dynamic calibration of high pressure sensor under actual working pressure; it can realize the low limit frequency of the calibrated frequency range strictly reaches to zero frequency. This method can also be applied to acceleration sensor, transient high-temperature sensor, and other types of sensors. In this paper, the calibration principle of quasi-δ function dynamic calibration method is introduced. The relationship among pulse width of excitation signal, frequency range that can be calibrated and calibration precision is analyzed. The experimental results are also shown.     

一种光纤光栅非接触机械振动传感器的研究

基于光纤Bragg光栅（fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感技术,提出了一种基于永磁结构的FBG非接触机械振动位移测量方法,设计了永磁作用下FBG振动传感器的结构,采用ANSYS有限元软件进行了理论分析和数值仿真,制造了FBG传感器实验装置,进行了静态位移标定和动态测试实验,确定了传感器的线性区间。研究结果表明:该测量方法能满足相关振动检测要求,传感器线性区间内灵敏度为1.14μm, 线性度可达0.996,完全可应用于机械系统结构损伤和运行状态分布式动态监测。     

采煤机截割高度测量模型与测量误差分析

采煤机截割高度的测量及其误差分析是实现综采工作面自动化的一项重要研究内容.本文针对机身姿态传感器和摇臂摆角传感器测量方案、机身姿态传感器和调高油缸位移传感器测量方案,分别建立了采煤机截割高度测量模型.利用函数误差公式,推导了测量误差模型.以MG1000/2660-WD型采煤机为例,分析了截割高度测量误差分别随俯仰角、摇...     

压力传感器动态性能分析与动态补偿

在对炮口冲击波测试中，压力传感器的动态性能指标是否满足测量要求至关重要。本文通过GLS(SF)方法建立压力传感器的数学模型，并由数学模型求出动态性能指标。然而该传感器的动态性能指标不能满足测量要求，针对此问题本文采用零极点相消的方法设计出动态补偿滤波器，明显提高了该传感器的动态性能，最终解决了该冲击波的测量问题。     

基于光辐射压力的激光功率测量技术

随着激光应用领域的快速拓展,超高峰值功率、超窄脉宽逐渐成为未来激光行业的重点研究方向之一,这种激光的超高电场能量给高精度的激光功率测量提出了挑战。传统的激光功率测量方法,如光电法、热释电法、量热法等逐渐显露出不适用于上述激光功率测量的缺点,此外上述方法都难以实现实时、在线测量。为了克服以上困难,需要一种新型激光功率测量原理与方法。以美国国家标准与技术研究院为代表的机构提出了一种光辐射压力测量法,该方法使激光作用在高反射率的反射镜上,激光动量形成了光辐射压力,这个力可以采用多种力学传感方式进行计量。该方法不但能实现激光功率快速、准确测量,而且不影响激光能量传输,可以实现实时、在线的激光功率测量。系统回顾了国内外通过光辐射压力测量激光功率的基本原理和系统组成,光辐射压力测量激光功率的研究现状,并对该方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

Erosion thermocouple temperature acquisition system

Aiming at high requirements of temperature measurement system in high temperature,high pressure,highly corrosive and other special environments,a temperature acquisition system based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA) which is the controller of the system is designed.Also a Flash memory is used as the memory and an erosion thermocouple is used as sensor of the system.Compared with the traditional system using complex programmable logic device(CPLD)and microcontroller unit(MCU)as the main body,this system has some advantages,such as short response time,small volume,no loss of data once power is off,high precision,stability and reliability.And the sensor of the system can be reused.In this paper,boiling water experiment is used to verify accuracy of the system.The millisecond level signal from firecrackers is for verifying the stability and fast response characteristics of the system.The results of experiment indicate that the temperature measurement system is more suitable for the field of explosion and other environments which have high requirements for the system.     

浅议井下瓦斯爆炸阻爆技术的应用

文章介绍了瓦斯爆炸的原理和传播方式,并对我国目前井下瓦斯爆炸阻爆技术的研究现状进行阐述,重点介绍了被动阻爆技术和自动阻爆技术的原理以及被动阻爆装置的失效分析和自动阻爆技术的阻爆材料研究;并提出了一种设想及使用压力传感器和红外火焰传感器同时探测信号,并使用多种阻爆材料复合进行阻爆的试验研究。     

High pressure ellipsometry: a novel method for measuring the optical properties and electronic structure of materials in diamond anvil cells

High pressure ellipsometry (HPE) method was developed for determining the index of refraction of opaque materials in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). A main difficulty in DAC-based HPE, namely, the pressure-induced birefringence developed in the diamond, was overcome enabling the extraction of the ellipsometric parameters of the sample. The method used was based on the fact that an unpolarized light is unaffected by a retarding optical element and thus reduces the number of unknown parameters in the problem. Because of technical difficulties in using unpolarized light, a linear combination of orthogonal polarizations was applied. In the experimental procedure, multiangle measurements of the ellipsometric parameter ψ are collected at each pressure and the data is fitted together with a measurement of the near normal reflectivity, in order to extract the complex index of refraction. As a test case, this procedure was used to measure the high pressure index of refraction of iron up to 30 GPa for light with wavelengths of 532 and 633 nm. From the index of refraction as a function of pressure the diamond-iron interface emissivity for different pressures was derived and from which the phase transition α → ε could be identified and characterized. The emissivity increases with pressure both at the α (0-9 GPa) and the ε phase (21-30 GPa) however decreases at the mixed α - ε (9-21 GPa) range. From the imaginary part of the index of refraction the pressure dependence of the energy skin depth of iron was extracted. It was found that the energy skin depth increases by an order of magnitude at 30 GPa relative to ambient conditions.     

超高压均质机自动控制系统研究

超高压均质机在我国食品行业中已得到广泛应用,但由于其压力较高,目前市场上多为手动式。AM6型超高压均质机采用LG公司K120系列的K7M-DR40SPLC作为中心控制器,通过传感器采集系统压力产生的电压模拟信号和活塞的位置信息,信号经滤波、放大、模数转换后进入PLC处理,从而控制活塞和电磁阀等器件,最终实现了超高压均质机的自动控制。     

位移式超高压测量装置的设计研究

针对应变管压力传感器的不足,该文设计了一种位移式超高压测量装置,该测量装置的弹性体是半球封头与厚壁圆管的组合结构。工作时,弹性体将压力转换成位移,使用高精度位移传感器测量出弹性体的轴向位移,建立压力与位移的关系。该测量装置的工作范围和性能主要由弹性体的结构和材料决定,因此,对弹性体的结构、线性进行了有限元仿真和分析。最后通过实验测得静态性能。结果表明:该测量装置具有良好的线性,满足静态超高压测量需求。     

PMMA/ 石墨烯异质压力传感器及传感特性分析

石墨烯具有优异机电性能和超大比表面积,其显著压阻效应可应用于高性能压力传感,为探索下一代超灵敏传感器开 辟新方向。 目前在研石墨烯压力传感器存在石墨烯悬空破损严重、成品率低等难题,其根源在于,石墨烯除胶释放过程应力过 载。 本文提出以 PMMA/ 石墨烯复合异质薄膜替代单层石墨烯的压力传感器新方案,设计 COMS 兼容新工艺,可实现传感器规 模化制备,成品率接近 100% 。 测试表明,本文传感器灵敏度高达 7. 42×10 -5 / kPa,优于与已报道结果。 提取传感器压力测量精 度约为 2. 6% ~ 3. 5% ,比国外禁运高性能压力传感器精度(0. 05% ~ 0. 01% FS)差近 2 个数量级,其主因在于测量系统电噪声及 受工艺污染石墨烯本征电阻噪声。 当前石墨烯压力传感器研究的重点应聚焦精度指标的提高,而不是片面追求灵敏度指标。     

电纺压电聚偏二氟乙烯有序纳米纤维及其在压力传感器中的应用

针对传统静电纺丝法制备聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电纤维工艺复杂和效率低等问题,提出了采用滚筒收集方式制备PVDF有序纳米纤维的方法。通过改变滚筒转速收集纤维,得到了有序程度不同的PVDF纤维膜。用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了有序纤维膜β晶相的含量,并利用NI数据采集卡在相同条件下测试了纤维膜的压电特性。结果表明:随着滚筒转速提高,纤维有序度增强,β相的含量提高,压电电压输出也明显增大,由此得知滚筒转速变化对β晶相的含量及压电输出电压的影响规律基本一致。基于得到的结果,设计制作了利用该有序PVDF纤维膜的压力传感器,并在不同气压下进行了动态响应测试。结果显示:所制备的PVDF有序纤维压力传感器在0.145~0.165 MPa下的电压输出随气压的增加呈线性增大,表现出了良好的线性度,其灵敏度达179mV/kPa。采用该种方法制备PVDF纤维对研制动态压力传感器极有意义。     

硅微机械谐振压力传感器技术发展

硅微机械谐振压力传感器是目前精度最高、长期稳定性最好的压力传感器之一,是航空航天、工业过程控制和其他精密测量领域压力测试的最佳选择。系统阐述30年来国内外硅微机械谐振压力传感器技术的研究成果,简单介绍硅微机械谐振压力传感器的分类及工作原理,针对压力敏感膜片与谐振器复合结构和振动膜结构两种主要的芯体结构形式,详细论述硅微机械谐振压力传感器的研究历史、主要研究机构、国内外发展现状以及最新的研究成果,重点根据不同激励与检测方式对各种硅微机械谐振压力传感器的芯体结构进行深入分析比较。在此基础上,总结归纳不同芯体结构及其激励与检测方式的特点,并对硅微机械谐振压力传感器的未来发展趋势进行展望。