纳米TiO2薄膜的制备、表征及杀菌性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO<,2>溶胶,以浸渍--提拉法制备瓷砖负载的纳米TiO<,2>薄膜,采用XRD和AFM技术对其进行了表征,通过自然落菌实验和人为接菌实验分别考察了纳米TiO<,2>薄膜的杀菌性能.研究表明:纳米TiO<,2>薄膜中生成的是锐钛矿相纳米二氧化钛,晶粒的粒径为18.98 nm,颗粒粒径比较均匀;...     

二氧化钛薄膜自清洁陶瓷的制备及抗菌性能

以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用超声喷雾热解法制备了纳米二氧化钛薄膜自清洁陶瓷.利用XRD、EDS、SEM等测试手段对样品进行了表征,研究了热处理温度对二氧化钛薄膜微结构、成分及表面形貌的影响,采用菌落计数法测试了样品对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能,分析了TiO2的抗菌机理.结果表明,热处理温度为500℃时,TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿相,表面颗粒均匀,对大肠杆菌的抑菌率可高达98.42％;热处理温度为550℃时,陶瓷衬底中的Si4等微量元素向TiO2薄膜扩散,导致TiO2薄膜转变成无定形和锐钛矿相的混合态,抑菌率开始下降.     

纳米二氧化钛薄膜的制备及性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在清洁的玻璃表面成功制备了均匀透明的纳米TiO2薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜,红外光谱仪和接触角测定仪等对薄膜的结构和性质进行了研究.结果表明:薄膜由晶粒大小为20～45 nm的TiO2球型颗粒组成,膜表面均匀,结构致密,具有平整的组织结构;随热处理温度的增加,TiO2薄膜的晶相由无定型态转变成锐钛矿,最后在850℃热处理后完全转变成金红石相,且TiO2薄膜在经过紫外光的照射后亲水能力增强.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜

本文以钛酸异丙酯为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜,通过DTA－TG、XRD、SEM探讨了材料的制备过程,相组成及显微结构,结果表明薄膜表面无微开裂现象,膜内部比表面积大,TiO2颗粒分布均匀,用溶胶－凝胶法可制得相组成为锐钛矿的均匀的TiO2薄膜。     

金属离子共掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在毛玻璃表面制备了均匀透明的过渡金属与稀土金属离子共掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜,并用甲基橙进行了该薄膜的光催化降解性能的实验研究。借助于X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及光电子能谱测定对共掺杂T iO2纳米薄膜进行了表征。结果表明,薄膜主要为锐钛矿相,膜表面无开裂现象,TiO2颗粒分布均匀,能谱图中有共掺杂离子的明显特征峰。混合掺杂比单元素离子掺杂催化效果好。     

二氧化钛/微球光催化剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备与性能研究

以溶胶 凝胶法在自制硅酸盐微球载体上制备纳米二氧化钛 ,采用XRD ,SEM ,Raman等测试手段对样品进行表征 ,并以甲基橙作为目标物研究其光催化性能。实验发现 ,负载在微球表面的二氧化钛粒径为 2 0～ 30nm ,且分布均匀 ,晶型为锐钛矿相 ,该样品对甲基橙具有较高的光催化降解能力。     

纳米二氧化钛溶胶的光催化活性及细胞毒性试验

利用低温合成法制备了分散有锐钛矿纳米颗粒的二氧化钛(TiO2)溶胶,该溶胶均一、透明。利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对该溶胶内纳米颗粒的结构和形貌进行研究。结果显示:颗粒呈梭形,分散性良好,其尺寸小于50nm,晶型为锐钛矿型。通过对TiO2溶胶光催化活性和老鼠内皮细胞毒性进行研究,发现该溶胶在日光照射下光催化活性较高,具有良好的生物相容性和安全性。     

微乳法制备纳米二氧化钛及结构表征

以硫酸法钛白粉生产中间产物偏钛酸为原料,采用微乳法制备纳米二氧化钛粉体,研究表面活性剂加入量、沉淀剂加入量对颗粒粒径的影响,采用透射电镜（TEM）对颗粒的形貌进行表征,及X射线衍射仪（XRD）对制备颗粒的晶相成分进行分析。结果表明：制备的二氧化钛粉体晶型良好,粉体颗粒分布均匀,粒径为20-60nm。     

过氧钛酸溶胶前驱体制备TiO2薄膜及其光催化性能

介绍了一种新型制备二氧化钛光催化薄膜的无机盐溶胶一凝胶法。以TiOSO4、氨水为原料,H2O2为络合剂制备了黄色、透明、稳定的中性过氧钛酸(peroxo titanic acid,PTA)溶胶。以PTA溶胶为前驱体,在玻璃片上经500℃热处理30min制备了透明的锐钛矿相TiO2光催化薄膜。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重一差热分析等对PTA溶胶和TiO2薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：保持pH值呈中性可以制得透明PTA溶胶,该溶胶在200℃就产生了锐钛矿晶相。薄膜表面晶粒呈长条状,长100nm,径向直径40nm,加入聚乙二醇后,薄膜产生了孔径为20nm的多孔结构。以10mg／L甲基橙为降解对象初步考察了TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,在紫外光照120min内,其脱色率达到98．95％。     

纳米复合结构二氧化钛薄膜的制备及其光降解水中若丹明B的能力

用双氧水低温氧化金属钛片的方法制备了TiO2纳米棒阵列,并以该阵列为基体,用浸渍渗透溶胶-凝胶技术制备了TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入TiO2纳米棒阵列基体的复合结构薄膜.用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜及光致发光光谱研究制得薄膜的结构和发光性能.结果表明:纳米棒阵列为金红石与锐钛矿的混晶结构,而溶胶-凝胶获得的TiO2为纯锐钛矿结构.在复合构造薄膜中TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入到纳米棒阵列间隙中,其光生电子-空穴对的空间分离效果得到明显改善.用制得的薄膜进行光催化降解水中若丹明B的实验结果显示:复合结构薄膜的光催化效率高于相应的纳米棒阵列,其表观反应常数是相同质量的溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜的3倍,这是因为第二相TiO2纳米颗粒嵌入TiO2纳米棒阵列中促进了光生电子-空穴对的空间分离,从而提高了复合结构薄膜的光催化活性.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。