2个聚合签名方案的密码学分析与改进

分析Zhou-Du方案和Zhao方案,指出这2个基于身份的聚合签名方案是不安全的。在Zhou-Du方案中,单个签名和聚合签名是可伪造的;在Zhao方案中,攻击者可利用单个签名获得签名者的私钥,进而实现任何攻击。对2个方案进行改进,改进的Zhou-Du方案满足不可伪造性,改进的Zhao方案可避免私钥泄露。同时,改进的Zhou-Du方案效率优于原方案,改进的Zhao方案的效率与原方案相同。     

两个电子货币方案的分析与改进

针对目前电子货币方案在匿名性和公平性等方面的不足,分别使用椭圆曲线和双线性对构造两个电子货币方案,方案在保证顾客匿名性的同时,又可以追踪二次花费的顾客,保证交易的公平进行。首先分析Chaudhry等提出的基于椭圆曲线认证加密的电子货币方案,其方案不能保证消费的匿名性,同时也无法有效解决交易纠纷;接着分析Liu等提出的银行委托离线电子货币方案,发现其方案中用户可以伪造电子货币。然后针对以上方案中的缺陷分别提出了改进后的新方案,并对新方案进行了安全性分析。分析表明,新方案不仅继承了之前方案的安全性和高效性,可以抵抗重放攻击和假冒攻击,还确保了方案的匿名性和公平性。     

基于二元Lagrange插值多项式的门限方案

针对基于一元Lagrange插值多项式的门限方案中存在的安全性不足及应用领域受限问题,通过研究现有的门限方案和实数域上的二元Lagrange插值理论,在有限域的基础上,提出一种基于二元Lagrange插值多项式的门限方案。给出了方案的构造及其数值算例,证明了方案的合理性和可行性。将该方案与基于一元Lagrange插值多项式的门限方案进行对比分析,表明新的方案中子秘密丢失所造成的损失更低、合谋难度更大,方案的安全性更高。同时,该方案可以拓宽门限方案的应用领域。     

高效的混合式查找方案*

通过整合基于服务器/客户机模式的集中式查找方案和基于对等计算模式的分散式查找方案,提出了一种混合式查找方案。该方案既有可扩展性、高容错性和自组织性等分散式查找方案的优点,又有利于集中管理和控制,安全性好等集中式查找方案的优势。仿真实验结果表明,该方案的RDP指标优于常规的分散式查找方案,实际查询时间开销更是远远少于常规的分散式查找方案。     

两种无证书签名方案的密码学分析及改进

对苏万力等提出的无证书签名方案和张玉磊等提出的无证书签名方案进行了安全性分析,指出这两个方案在公钥替换攻击下是不安全的,分别给出了这两个方案的一种伪造攻击。提出了这两个方案的改进方案,改进方案克服了原方案的缺陷,提高了系统的安全性,并保留了原方案的优点。     

一种无证书两方密钥协商方案的分析与改进

基于签密方案,Liu-Xu构造了一个高效的无证书两方认证密钥协商协议。对Liu-Xu的方案进行安全性分析,指出由于传送消息存在冗余,该方案不具有强安全性。该方案不能抵抗被动攻击和主动攻击。提出一个改进的方案来修正上述问题,新方案没有使用签密方案。分析结果表明,新协议的效率和安全性提高明显。     

具有身份撤销功能的无证书签名方案

讨论密码方案中的身份撤销问题。对JKLLC签名方案进行了安全性分析,指出该方案实际上不具有身份撤销功能。对该方案加以改进,以双线性对为工具给出一种新的无证书签名方案并讨论其安全性。新方案不但增强了方案的身份撤销功能,而且在随机寓言模型下是可证明安全的。因为双线性对具有良好的性质,所以新方案简单、高效。     

一个新的理想的多秘密共享方案

Hsu、Cheng、Tang和Zeng基于单调张成方案设计了一个理想的多秘密共享方案（HCTZ方案）,但该方案不具有可验证性。基于单调张成方案和双变量单向函数,提出了一个新的理想的多秘密共享方案。新方案通过增加每个密钥的维数,在保留HCTZ方案原有性质的同时实现了可验证性。该方案的安全性得到证明,且具有较强的实用价值。     

基于特殊权限的另一门限秘密共享方案

在秘密共享方案中,一般研究（n,t）门限秘密共享方案。具有特殊权限的（m+n,t+1）门限秘密共享方案是（n,t）门限秘密共享方案推广形式的门限秘密共享方案。在差分门限秘密共享方案的基础上构造基于Shamir方案,给出了（m+n,t+1）门限秘密共享的另一方案。     

Schnorr方案推广及其在格密码学中的应用

Schnorr身份认证方案是密码学中的经典方案,可以推广到很多其他数学问题(如离散对数问题)上,从而构造出在标准模式中安全的身份认证方案,并且可以通过Fiat-Shamir转换工具,将其转换为在随机谕示模式中安全的数字签名方案。但将上述转换方法用于基于格的密码学中时会出现一些特殊现象(如方案中止现象)。为此,通过矩阵表示方法分析Schnorr方案的构造方法,得出其构造方法成立的充要条件,从而使其可在更大范围内构造出安全的类Schnorr方案。根据类Schnorr方案,分析基于格的身份认证方案中的方案中止现象,并通过数学方法证明,对于某些身份认证方案(如∑-身份认证方案),其中的方案中止现象不可避免,该结论为深入研究基于格的密码学提供了参考依据。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统研究与实现

针对空间想象能力培养的教学需要,对基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统 进行了研究。根据教与学的需要,确定了系统功能,设计了软件的框架结构。分析研究了移动设 备的系统平台,选择了系统的开发及运行平台。通过分析Android 框架中OpenGL ES 的设计接口, 实现了模型的轴测显示模式。通过分析OpenGL ES 中glDrawElements 方法的数据需求和VRML97 的数据格式,设计了虚拟模型加载器,实现了Android 系统中的VRML 模型3D 浏览器。开发了 软件的核心功能模块,设计实现了基于Android 平台的工程图学助教助学系统。该系统因其创新 性和实用性,在2014 年第十四届全国多媒体课件大赛中荣获一等奖。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Stereometric pattern recognition by artificial touch

An artificial touch perception system has been created in order to study a method of processing information obtainable through tactile exploration of three-dimensional forms. The results can be useful for several purposes.The first part of the work concerns the project of the tactile explorator. For this purpose we used a kind of artificial limb like a finger with a certain number of touch sensitive transducers distributed along the surface of the finger tip. The information received by touching the object with the finger, is successively utilized as the input of the control servosystem which moves the finger point-by-point along the object surface in order to proceed with the exploration. It must be noticed that, from a philosophical point-of-view, the parallel approach with more fingers touching simultaneously the object in several points, is equal to sequential touching of these points by one moving finger.The second part describes the use of the propositional calculus in logical classification of the objects, as a method of three-dimensional pattern recognition.Elaboration of the input data obtained by tactile exploration, and computation of characteristic geometrical features of three-dimensional forms, has been performed on computer.     

Innovative uses of ICT in Chilean schools

Abstract This paper presents some of the results of the study of seven cases of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. The study was performed in the framework of the application of SITES M2 in Chile. The results are divided in two sections. First is a summary of each case, highlighting its innovative characteristics that serve as models of 'good practice' for Chilean teachers. Second, the results of the analysis of what teachers did are outlined; the impact on students and the type of teaching and learning activities in use. Results show that these projects did not provide evidence of having impact on students' learning as defined in the national curriculum. However, they show that students participating in these projects could learn other things, had the opportunity to develop abilities defined as cross-curricular and practised ICT related skills. The analysis of the teaching and learning activities highlights some deficiencies in the way that teachers implement new teaching strategies.