白芨多糖胶对花椒精油乳液稳定性研究

以花椒精油为乳化对象,采用Tween60（T）、Span20（S）、单甘酯（D）和白芨多糖胶（B）为乳化剂或乳化助剂,对单组份及双组份配比的乳化效果进行评价,结合乳液微滴的相差显微观测,初步确定了花椒精油的乳化剂配方。由Span60和白芨多糖胶合理配伍,可获得具有良好稳定性的O／W型乳化体系。白芨多糖胶是天然亲水性高分子,能有效增强司盘、吐温对花椒精油的乳化效果,并赋予产品较好的表观稠度和厚重感。     

面筋蛋白粒子-黄原胶Pickering乳液的制备及其表征

制备黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同稳的Pickering乳液,表征Pickering乳液的物理化学性能和微观结构。结果显示：通过黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同作用,可制备出稳定性较好的Pickering乳液。低质量分数的黄原胶（0.2%）会促进乳析;当黄原胶质量分数不小于0.3%时,乳液于4 ℃贮存30 d仍无乳析现象;当黄原胶质量分数为1%时,贮存30 d乳液出现析油的现象。不同乳化顺序得到乳液的稳定性不同。乳液M-WG-XG（面筋蛋白纳米粒与玉米油乳化得粗乳液,然后加入黄原胶二次分散）的稳定性最好,同时乳液的平均粒径最小（21.4±0.314）μm。黄原胶的加入增大了乳液的净电荷,乳液的稳定性提高。共聚焦显微镜结果表明,乳液M-WG-XG液滴分布均匀,界面层呈现出多层结构。相比于其他方式制备的乳液,乳液M-WG-XG有更好的黏弹性和离子稳定性。     

大豆分离蛋白-卡拉胶-黄原胶三元复合Pickering乳液的制备与特性分析

本研究制备大豆分离蛋白（Soybean protein isolate,SPI）-卡拉胶-黄原胶三元复合Pickering乳液，考察不同SPI与卡拉胶-黄原胶配比、乳液pH、卡拉胶质量浓度、黄原胶质量浓度以及大豆油内相体积对三元Pickering乳液体系的粒径、Zeta电位、乳化活性指数（Emulsifying activity index,EAI）、乳化稳定性（Emulsifying stability index,ESI）和SPI二级结构的影响，并研究常温贮藏条件下不同内相体积乳液体系的特性变化。结果表明：当SPI与复合多糖的质量浓度比为1:10,pH为9.0，卡拉胶和黄原胶质量浓度均为0.2%，油相体积为10%～85%时，SPI-卡拉胶-黄原胶三元复合Pickering乳液的稳定性均较好，平均粒径达351±24.12 nm,Zeta电位绝对值达99.4±1.4 mV。随着大豆油内相体积从10%增大至85%,Pickering乳液颗粒的粒径分布更加均一、稳定，当油相体积分数为75%时，乳液颗粒分散状态最佳，EAI和ESI达到最大值，SPI α-螺旋和β-折叠含量最高。常温贮藏实验表...     

辣椒红色素乳液的研究

以辣椒红色素油脂为主料,对不同乳化剂及乳化条件进行实验筛选,以制得稳定、亲水型的色素乳液制品。通过对乳化时间t_1、乳化温度、剪切转速等条件的实验测试,进行以吸光度、上浮率为指标的评估综合分析。实验结果表明,采用复配乳化剂Span80(10%)+Tween80(90%),黄原胶为稳定剂时,乳化温度为50℃,乳化时间t_1为30min,剪切转速为14000r/min时,其乳化效果最佳,色素乳液稳定性最好。     

高、低酰基结冷胶的乳化活性及稳定性

以高酰基结冷胶(HA)、低酰基结冷胶(LA)为乳化剂,以中链甘油酸酯(MCT)为油相,通过超声乳化法制备水包油(O/W)乳液。以阿拉伯胶(GA)为对照,考察添加不同浓度、类型结冷胶条件下乳液的外观变化、界面张力、Zeta-电位和粒径分布等,比较高、低酰基结冷胶的乳化特性。研究结果表明,以HA为乳化剂制备的O/W乳液平均粒径略大于以GA制备的乳液,而LA乳液粒径最大;HA乳液-电位绝对值整体显著大于GA乳液(P0.05),且在最优浓度条件下HA乳液界面张力小于GA乳液,因此HA乳液乳化稳定性优于GA乳液。而LA乳液ζ-电位绝对值最小,界面张力最大,其乳液稳定性最差。储藏试验表明,HA乳液稳定性高于GA乳液,且在60℃储藏条件下的粒径变化率显著小于GA乳液。LA乳液极不稳定,制备当天即出现分层现象。本文着重研究不同酰基结冷胶在乳化性能方面的应用差异,结果为高酰基结冷胶具有良好的乳化活性和稳定性。此结果对高酰基结冷胶的品质提升和应用推广等方面具有重要的意义。     

一种水包油包胶型乳液的制备及其在乳化肠中的应用

以结冷胶和无水氯化钙为内水相凝固剂,酪蛋白酸钠为外水相乳化剂,制备一种水包油包胶（S/O/W）型 乳液。以多重乳液粒径和分布为指标,研究酪蛋白酸钠添加量对S/O/W型多重乳液加工适应性的影响。结果表明： 正交试验得到S/O型单重乳液最佳制备条件为：内水相中结冷胶添加量0.2%、无水氯化钙添加量0.5%;内水相乳化 剂聚甘油蓖麻醇酯添加量2.5%;油相为精炼猪油,油水体积比3∶2;剪切速率17 500 r/min,剪切时间1.5 min。将制 得的S/O型单重乳液与不同添加量酪蛋白酸钠混合制得S/O/W型多重乳液。当酪蛋白酸钠添加量0.1%时,S/O/W型 多重乳液粒径符合加工要求,且贮藏、热处理、剪切稳定性较好。以多重乳液替代猪脂肪制备的低脂乳化肠与高脂 （精炼猪油含量20%）乳化肠外观不存在明显差异;微观结构观察结果表明,多重乳液在乳化肠中包裹良好、分布 均匀。     

不同NaCl浓度条件下亚麻籽胶对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶作用力及乳化特性的影响

为改善低盐肉制品凝胶乳化品质的降低,明确亚麻籽胶（flaxseed gum,FG）添加对肉制品品质的影响,以肌原纤维蛋白（myofibrillar protein,MP）为研究对象,通过测定乳析指数、电位值、粒径、显微观察研究不同NaCl浓度条件下FG对MP乳液乳化稳定性的影响,而化学键的测定显示FG对MP凝胶化学作用力的影响。结果表明,形成MP凝胶及FG-MP凝胶体系的关键是二硫键和非二硫共价键的贡献;不同NaCl浓度对FG-MP乳液的乳析指数、ζ-电位、粒径的影响均不显著（P＞0.05）,而MP乳液随着NaCl浓度的提高,乳化稳定性、ζ-电位、粒径均显著变化（P＜0.05）。特别是在低浓度NaCl条件下,FG的加入可以显著提高MP乳液的稳定性（P＜0.05）。显微观察发现加入FG可以改善MP乳液液滴聚集的现象。因此,说明在低浓度NaCl条件下加入FG可以显著提高肌原纤维蛋白乳液的乳化稳定性,提高其抗盐能力,促进亚麻籽在肉制品中的应用。     

亚麻籽胶-亚麻籽油乳液替代脂肪对乳化肠品质特性的影响

为降低乳化香肠中的饱和脂肪含量,以亚麻籽胶-亚麻籽油（flaxseed gum-linseed oil,FG-LO）乳液替代猪背膘,探究不同替代比例的FG-LO乳液（25%、50%、75%、100%）对乳化肠色泽、蒸煮损失、乳化稳定性、质构、水分分布、脂肪氧化、微观结构及感官品质的影响,以不进行替代的乳化肠为对照组。结果表明：与对照组相比,各替代组乳化肠的亮度值显著增加（P<0.05）,红度值显著减小（P<0.05）,黄度值无显著变化（P>0.05）,肉眼观察产品色泽无明显差异;替代水平为100%时,蒸煮损失最低,替代水平为75%时,水分损失最低,各替代比例对脂肪损失无显著影响（P>0.05）;随着脂肪替代水平的增加,替代组的乳化肠硬度逐渐降低,质地变软,说明脂肪替代改善了乳化肠的质构;FG-LO乳液使香肠内部的自由水向不易流动水转化,表明FG能与肉蛋白作用形成三维网状结构固定水分子,增强持水性;FG-LO乳液使脂肪氧化程度增加;扫描电子显微镜结果表明,替代水平为25%时,乳化香肠的微观结构最均匀、细腻,且孔隙较小;感官评价结果显示,仅替代水平为100%的乳化肠...     

黄原胶对扁桃仁蛋白质乳化特性的影响

扁桃仁蛋白质（Almond protein isolate,API）营养丰富,是一种重要的植物蛋白质资源,而乳化性差是一直困扰其开发应用的一个重要问题,为提高其乳化特性,本试验以扁桃仁分离蛋白质为研究对象,探讨了黄原胶（Xanthan gum,XG）对其乳化特性的影响。结果表明:XG的添加可使其复合乳液液滴直径更小且分布更均匀,即在XG添加量为0%~0.25%时,其乳液黏度从5.9 mPa·s增加至77.5 mPa·s,表面张力由13.1 mN/m降低至5.6 mN/m,界面吸附能力增强,乳液电位绝对值由29.0 mV增加到54.4 mV。尤其是XG添加量为0.2%时,API-XG乳液不仅具有较好的热稳定性和耐盐性,而且其储藏及冻融循环稳定性优良。实验研究有效提升了API的乳化性,为其在食品、化工等领域的应用提供了良好的技术支撑。     

酰胺醚SME15在氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液制备中的应用

采用相转变法和复合乳化体系对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,制备了稳定的氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液。结果表明：乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等因素对乳液性能有很大的影响。实验优化的乳化条件是：SME15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,复合的乳化剂体系为m（SME）∶m（1631）=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%;或复合乳化体系为m（SME）∶m（K-12）=1∶3,总用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的10%,乳化温度为90-95℃,在500-800 r/min的转速下连续剪切分散40-60 min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press