高性能混凝土中自身相对湿度变化与自收缩的研究

研究了不同水胶比、浆体体积含量、复掺硅灰与磨细矿渣粉对混凝土自干燥效应引起的自身相对湿度(autogenous relative humidity,ARH)变化与自收缩(atuogenous shrinkage,AS)的影响,以及两者之间的相互关系.结果表明,水胶比是影响混凝土ARH变化与AS的主要因素.随水胶比的降低,混凝土ARH变化与AS越大.混凝土中浆体体积含量越高,自干燥效应引起的ARH变化与AS越大.复掺硅灰与磨细矿渣粉使得混凝土后期的ARH变化与AS比基准混凝土大.不同水胶比、浆体体积含量以及复掺硅灰与磨细矿渣粉混凝土的ARH变化与相应的AS大小均具有非常显著的线性相关性.     

含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土抗压强度的影响因素

使用普通原材料和高性能减水剂成功制备出抗压强度值超过130 MPa的超高性能混凝土,并试验研究了其抗压强度的影响因素.包括水胶比、粗骨料的颗粒粒径、细骨料的细度模数、胶凝材料的掺量、矿物掺合料和钢纤维.结果显示,各因素均对超高性能混凝土的抗压强度有一定影响,尤其是水胶比和矿物掺合料影响显著.当水胶比介于0.21和0.24之间时,超高性能混凝土的抗压强度随着水胶比的增大而降低,但水胶比为0.16的超高性能混凝土抗压强度值反而低于水胶比为0.18的混凝土的抗压强度.硅灰、粉煤灰和矿粉以1∶2∶1的质量比混掺使用最有利于提高超高性能混凝土的抗压强度,28 d龄期时抗压强度值达到138 MPa.     

Performances of the High Strength Low Heat Pump COncrete（HLPC）

The effects of mineral admixtures on fluidity,mechanical and hydrational exothermic behavior were studied.The results show that,double-adding ways,ie. fly ash and slag were added at the same time,not only inproves the fluidity of fresh concreste with low W/B and compensates the lower early compressive strength of harden concrete caused by high adding amount of fly ash.but also greatly reduces the highest temperature rise,exothermic rate and total heat liberation of 3 day of binder pastes in HLPC,and postponed the arrival time of the highest temperature rise,HLPC was prepared and applied to project practice successfully.     

生态纤维混凝土的收缩性能试验研究

高性能混凝土低水胶比和掺加矿物掺合料的特点使得混凝土收缩加剧并且引起早期裂缝问题.采用粉煤灰和硅灰作为纤维混凝土的掺合料,通过混凝土配合比的正交试验,利用极差和方差分析,研究了水胶比、砂率、硅灰掺量、生态纤维掺量和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土7,28 d抗压强度的影响.分析了粉煤灰采用超量取代的方法对混凝土的影响.在保证混凝土抗压强度的基础上,优选混凝土配合比,进行混凝土干燥收缩试验.试验结果表明,生态纤维对混凝土强度影响不明显,与矿物掺合料复掺可显著抑制混凝土的干燥收缩.     

大孔生态混凝土强度与抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为了降低成本和提高抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,按总胶凝材料用量30%的取代量掺入粉煤灰和矿粉,通过调整细骨料用量来控制大孔混凝土的孔隙率,分别制备了孔隙率为15%、20%和25%的粉煤灰系列和矿粉系列大孔生态混凝土.研究了胶凝材料用量、水胶比和孔隙率对大孔生态混凝土抗压强度和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响规律.结果表明:大孔混凝土的强度随着胶凝材料用量的增加、水胶比的减小和孔隙率的降低呈线性缓慢地增大;大孔生态混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀作用在内外同时发生,其抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力明显低于普通混凝土,但当矿物掺合料用量达胶凝材料总量30%时,60次干湿循环后的抗侵蚀系数大于100%.     

影响混凝土氯离子电通量因素的试验研究与分析

选用国内具有代表性的铁道工程混凝土配合比,按照铁道行业混凝土电通量测试方法,对影响混凝土氯离子电通量变化的各因素进行了一系列试验.结果表明,试件养护龄期、掺合料掺量和掺合料品种是影响混凝土电通量的主要因素.混凝土的电通量随养护龄期的持续延长而逐渐降低,采用56 d养护龄期评定测试结果比较合理.电通量随着粉煤灰和矿粉掺量的增加呈现降低的趋势,粉煤灰降低电通量效果优于矿粉,掺量达到40%时两者效果接近.混凝土配合比其他参数如水胶比、含气量、水泥和减水剂品种对电通量的影响较小.     

钢纤维自密实高强混凝土的制备技术

通过坍落扩展度、T500、U型仪和L型仪等测试方法探讨了不同水胶比、砂率及不同钢纤维掺量条件下,钢纤维自密实高强混凝土的制备技术,研究了不同条件下制备的钢纤维自密实高强混凝土力学性能.结果显示,在试验条件下,适宜水胶比及砂率条件下钢纤维混凝土满足自密实混凝土工作性能要求;随着钢纤维掺量的增加,钢纤维自密实混凝土的强度提高,混凝土流动性降低.研究制得的钢纤维高强混凝土在满足自密实性能要求条件下,抗压强度达到CF90技术要求,抗折强度＞11.0 MPa.     

加掺合料高性能混凝土早龄期收缩特性

采用智能型非接触式微位移传感器法,对加掺合料高性能混凝土从成型后6h到3d龄期内的自生收缩和单面干燥条件下的总收缩进行试验研究,并测量了不同龄期混凝土的强度和试件的重量损失．结果表明：掺入硅灰会略微增加混凝土早期自生收缩,而对早期干燥收缩影响不大;粉煤灰的掺入能大幅度地减小混凝土早期自生收缩,但使早期干燥收缩增加;磨细矿渣只有在掺量较多时才能明显降低早期自生收缩,却对早期干燥收缩不利;同水胶比加掺合料混凝土的早期自生收缩与抗压强度之间有很好的线性关系,早期干燥收缩与试件的水分散失率间呈近似的对数函数关系．     

大流动性高强轻集料混凝土的研究

为设计出具有大流动性性能的高强或超高强轻集料混凝土，分别研究了水胶比、砂率、轻集料最大粒径3个关键技术参数和矿物掺合料组成设计对混凝土工作性能和抗压强度的影响规律，确定了配制LC50～LC60自密实高强轻集料混凝土的主要技术方法，制备出坍落度为240mm以上、扩展度达到680～700mm、28d抗压强度超过60MPa的大流动性高强轻集料混凝土。     

Research of Neural Network Based on Improved PSO Algorithm for Carbonation Depth Prediction of Concrete

Firstly,neural network based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm is introduced in this paper. Based on the data collected from projects in typical areas,the concrete carbonation depth is assessed with consideration of various factors such as unit cement consumption (C),unit water consumption (W),binder material content (B),water binder ratio (W/B ),concrete strength (MPa),rapid carbonization days (D),fly ash consumption of unit volume concrete(FA),fly ash percentage of total cementitious materials (FA%),expansion agent consumption of unit volume concrete(EA),expansion agent percentage of total cementitious materials (FA%).Gaining the data from project-experiment,a model is presented to calculate and forecast carbonation depth using neural network based on improved PSO algorithm. The calculation results indicate that this algorithm accord with the prediction carbonation depth of concrete accuracy requirements and has a better convergence and generalization,worth being popularized.     

Effect of calcium leaching on the properties of cement-based composites

Leaching is one of the major factors that alter the mechanical properties of cement-based composites. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of leaching on the properties of cement-based composites. Specimens with two water/cementitious ratios and two mineral admixtures were tested. An electrical potential was applied to accelerate the leaching process. Compressive strength test, scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted. Test results demonstrated that the calcium leaching reduced compressive strengths of concrete specimens, and such effect was prominent on the specimens without mineral admixtures. The leaching resistance increased with a decrease in water/cementitious ratio and an increase in amount of mineral admixtures. The mineral admixtures would reduce the amount of calcium hydroxide and refine the pore structure through pozzolanic reactions. A fair relationship was found between the calcium leaching and the compressive strength.     

等温干燥条件下混凝土内部相对湿度的分布

研究了不同水灰比与水泥浆体体积含量的混凝土在单轴等温干燥条件下内部相对湿度(Internal Relative Humidity，IRH)分布以及自干燥引起的IRH变化。结果表明，自干燥引起的混凝土IRH下降随着水灰比的减小与浆体体积含量的增大而增大。对高水灰比的混凝土，IRH变化主要受水分扩散控制，而对低水灰比的混凝土，其不仅取决于水分扩散，而且受自干燥的影响。     

INITIAL BINDING CAPACTIES OF CHLORIDE ION OF COMPONENTS IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

An investigation is reported on the influence of different components of high performance concrete (HPC) on the initial binding capacities (IBC) of chloride ion. The testing results demonstrate that cement has the largest IBC, and the relative binding ratio is as high as 30% of total ion amount. Among the mineral admixtures, fly ash has the largest IBC of chloride ion. The IBC of silica fume is about 14.4% ,which is smaller than that of fly ash. The IBC of refined ground blast-furnace slag (microslag) is abnormal due to the influence of sulfate ion contained. The addition of superplasticizer and corrosion inhibitor containing calcium nitrite weakens the IBC of mixtures. The fluidity and pore-filling effect of mineral admixtures are studied with paste samples with W/C ratio of 0.3. The influence mechanism of various components in high-performance concrete in IBC is studied further through SEM and Mercury Instrusion Porosimetry tests with paste samples at the age of 3 days.     

预置集料高强高性能混凝土的实验研究

预填集料混凝土是先把粗骨料填在模板中,然后注入水泥砂浆(水泥、砂和水,通常有外加剂)来填满集料之间的空隙而成的混凝土。采用此法制备的混凝土粗集料之间相互嵌锁,能充分发挥粗骨料的强度骨架作用。研究表明,在优化灰砂比基础上采用不同矿物掺合料(粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣粉)制备出预置集料混凝土,其强度可达到C50混凝土的要求,弹性模量高于同等级混凝土,抗氯离子渗透性和抗冲击性也优于普通C50,该混凝土胶凝材料用量少,在提高其服役性能的同时节约了成本。     

混凝土矿物复合掺合料应用技术规范的探讨

目前,混凝土矿物掺合料应用技术规范多数是对单一矿物掺合料做出了规定,缺乏对复合混凝土矿物掺合料的应用技术标准.鉴于混凝土掺合料应用技术水平还相当粗犷,为提高其应用技术水平,提出了混凝土矿物掺合料必须走专业化生产的道路;为适应和指导混凝土矿物复合掺合料的工程应用,提出了其必须走功能化生产的道路,建议复合混凝土掺合料应按混凝土的性能进行配制和使用,并推荐了复合混凝土掺合料规范的部分技术指标.     

减少高强混凝土中未水化水泥的方法研究

双掺、三掺方式可以保证混凝土在大掺量矿物掺合料条件下仍具有良好的工作性、较高的强度 ,同时还可以显著提高硬化混凝土密实性 ,有效改善水泥石 集料界面区结构 ,从而减少了硬化混凝土中未水化水泥数量 ,抑制了外界水分的渗入 ,最终消除了未水化水泥日后的水化对混凝土的危害     

C80机制砂泵送混凝土的配制及其影响因素

以机制砂为细骨料，对C80泵送混凝土的配合比和掺合料进行了优化、着重对机制砂的石粉含量和砂率等因素对混凝土工作性和强度的影响规律进行了探讨：结果表明：机制砂混凝土合理砂率应略大于相应的河砂混凝土，且存在最佳砂率（45％）；机制砂中一定量的石粉对混凝土强度和工作性有促进作用，在7％石粉含量情况下，C80机制砂混凝土强度和工作性均达到最佳。     

Recycling of industrial waste and performance of steel slag green concrete

Workability and mechanical properties of steel slag green concrete with different types of steel slag and different dosages of admixtures were investigated. The effectiveness of steel slag powder on suppressing alkali aggregate reaction (AAR) expansion was assessed using the method of ASTM C441 and accelerated test method. Experimental results show that mechanical properties can be improved further due to the synergistic effect and mutual activation when compound mineral admixtures with steel slag powder and blast-furnace slag powder are mixed into concrete. In addition, about 50% decrease in expansion rate of mortar bars with mineral admixtures can be achieved in AAR tests. Mineral admixtures with steel slag powder as partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete is an effective means for controlling expansion due to AAR.     

酸性水环境下桥梁桩基混凝土的配制与耐久性研究

针对酸性水环境下桥梁桩基混凝土的配制,研究了矿物掺合料、水胶比以及侵蚀溶液pH值对混凝土抗酸侵蚀性能的影响。混凝土的粉煤灰掺量从20%～50%变化,矿粉掺量从35%～65%变化,水胶比分别取0.35、0.39、0.43,酸性水侵蚀环境通过pH值分别为1、2、4的硫酸溶液模拟,抗酸性能通过测定1年龄期的混凝土抗压强度变化率表征。结果表明,降低水胶比有利于提高混凝土的抗酸侵蚀性能;矿物掺合料对混凝土耐酸性能的改善作用与其品种、掺量及模拟侵蚀溶液的pH值大小有关。大掺量粉煤灰混凝土比大掺量矿渣粉混凝土具有更好的耐酸性能。     

Carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement-based high performance concrete

The influences of water/cement ratio and admixtures on carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement-based high performance concrete (HPC) were investigated. The experimental results show that with the decreasing water/cement ratio, the carbonation depth of sulphoaluminate cement-based HPC is decreased remarkably, and the carbonation resistance capability is also improved with the adding admixtures. The morphologies and structure characteristics of sulphoaluminate cement hydration products before and after carbonation were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The analysis results reveal that the main hydration product of sulphoaluminate cement, that is ettringite (AFt), decomposes after carbonation. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50872043)