Bending and rotational behaviour of semi-continuous composite beams

Stresses and deflections were measured in various semi-continuous composite beams. The bending and rotational capacities of the composite connections were measured in terms of beam curvatures and deflections by using two full-scale semi-rigid composite frames with monotonic loadings. The effect of semi-rigid connections on the performance of composite beams with various loadings was compared with predictions and codes. The tests show that the semi-continuous composite beams are more economic and effective than the simple or continuous composite beams. The semi-rigid connections affect the bending capacities and beam deflections, so the connection behavior should be considered in the design of composite beams. Yielding analysis of the steel beam bottom flange has some influence on the deflection calculation of composite beams. __________ Translated from J Tsinghua Univ (Sci & Tech), 2007, 47(3): 313–318 [译自: 清华大学学报(自然科学版)]     

凹槽销栓型竹-混凝土组合梁的受弯性能

文章将混凝土与竹材组合,提出一种新型凹槽销栓型竹-混凝土组合结构,为研究凹槽销栓型竹-混凝土组合梁的受弯力学性能,对5组组合梁和1组对比竹梁进行四点弯曲试验,试验参数包括连接件间距及其数量,试验主要测试试验荷载、跨中挠度、竹梁与混凝土翼缘的应变以及竹梁与混凝土翼缘的界面相对滑移.试验结果表明,凹槽销栓型竹-混凝土组合梁...     

竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架梁的承载能力极限状态设计

论述了半连续框架设计原理,提出用塑性分析方法计算竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架梁在承载能力极限状态的内力,并给出了具体的设计步骤,最后用两榀足尺的两层两跨的半刚性连接组合框架试验验证了塑性分析方法。研究表明,半连续框架设计可用塑性分析方法获得弯矩图,不同于连续框架设计用弹性分析方法获得弯矩图;塑性分析方法考虑了组合梁的跨中弯矩承载力、节点弯矩承载力、节点转动能力和设计需要的节点转动能力,适用于竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架梁的承载能力极限状态设计。该方法简单实用且比较准确,可供工程设计参考。     

组合节点及半连续组合梁的结构性能分析与设计

本文阐述了用来检视、理解和研究组合节点和半连续组合梁的高阶有限元分析模型的最新进展。对这些用来模拟组合节点、半连续组合节点的有限元模型进行了深入的介绍、分析及对比实验论证。此外,本文还检视了栓钉及受拉钢筋的变形对于端板式组合节点及半连续组合梁结构性能的影响。     

水平荷载作用下足尺半刚性连接组合梁框架试验

为研究半刚性连接组合梁钢框架在水平荷载作用下的特性,进行水平荷载作用下足尺的空间两层两跨半刚性连接组合梁框架的试验研究。半刚性连接组合梁框架由热轧H型钢柱和焊接H钢梁及压型钢板混凝土组合梁组成,连接为平端板连接半刚性节点。试验主要进行相应测点的应变、转角及位移测量,框架整体性能及半刚性连接节点性能的分析。试验结果显示半刚性连接组合梁框架具有较强的抵抗水平荷载的能力;平端板连接组合节点为半刚性连接、部分强度节点,具有较高的强度、刚度和较好的延性。将试验结果与简化计算方法的预测结果进行比较,结果显示框架的总体位移、极限承载能力、节点转动能力及强度的试验值与简化方法的预测值能较好的吻合。     

半刚性连接无侧移组合框架梁挠度的简化计算

采用近似的线性节点刚度来反映连接的非线性弯矩-转角关系,提出了正常使用极限状态下半刚性连接无侧移组合框架梁挠度的简化计算方法。分析常用的几种线性节点刚度对组合框架挠度的影响,给出了可应用于实际设计的合理的线性割线刚度模型。通过与有限元方法计算结果比较,表明建议的简化方法具有可接受的精确度,而且对节点特征的线性简化不太敏感。     

钢-混凝土叠合板组合梁的非线性分析

通过弹簧单元模拟栓钉连接件的剪切滑移效应和考虑钢筋作用的混凝土单元,建立新型的非线性有限元分析模型。对3根叠合板组合梁进行非线性有限元计算分析,得到相应的荷载-位移过程曲线,并对组合梁的承载能力进行评估。分析结果表明,计算结果与试验结果较为吻合。     

钢-竹组合工字梁受剪性能试验研究

以钢-竹组合工字梁的竹材截面翼缘厚度、腹板宽度及剪跨比λ为参数,对9根钢-竹组合工字梁进行了受剪性能试验,分析了组合梁的破坏过程、破坏机理、变形及承载力等,研究了影响组合梁受剪性能的因素,校验了组合梁变形及受弯承载力计算公式,并提出了组合梁受剪承载力简化计算公式.研究结果表明:钢-竹组合工字梁整体工作性能优良,组合效应...     

Design of semi-continuous composite steel-concrete beams at the fire limit state

A two-dimensional temperature analysis procedure based on the finite element method (FEM) is described and applied to steel-concrete composite beams. A computer program developed for the analysis is detailed. A strategy is also proposed for incorporating the influence of the partial resistance of the composite connections in reducing the sagging moment at central regions of the beam spans when the beam is calculated as semi-continuous. Finally, an example problem is discussed, comparing the design uniformly distributed loads that can be supported by a composite beam calculated as semi-continuous and with simply supported spans. The temperature distribution due to fire at the central region of the spans is taken as in the simplified procedure proposed in European Prestandard ENV 1994-1-2 [ENV 1994-1-2. Eurocode 4, Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Structural fire design. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN); 1994] and then obtained with the more rigorous calculation using the described numerical algorithm. It will be assumed that no ultimate limit state will occur due to shear force (web buckling) or due to bending moment at the hogging moment regions of the beam (web and bottom flange buckling or distortional lateral buckling).     

初始残余应力对预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁抗火性能影响

为研究钢梁残余应力对预应力连续组合梁抗火性能的影响,建立了预应力连续组合梁在高温下非线性升温过程受力行为的有限元模型。通过考察梁的破坏形式、跨中挠度、预应力拉索张力、截面弯矩以及梁的曲率等关键参数随温度的变化,得到不同残余应力模式对组合梁抗火性能的影响机理。分析结果表明：残余应力的分布并不总是对预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的高温性能产生不利影响,腹板具有初始残余拉应力分布模式的预应力钢-混凝土组合梁高温下的挠度相对最小;残余应力主要通过影响截面正应力分布来影响钢梁的截面刚度;在临界状态时,残余应力对组合梁截面刚度的影响不明显;不同残余应力模式对高温下预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的截面抗弯刚度影响不同;当预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的初始残余应力模式以腹板全截面拉应力为主时,预应力钢-混凝土组合梁跨中截面抗弯刚度最大;当残余应力对组合梁跨中截面抗弯刚度有利时,梁跨中截面处中和轴位置比无残余应力影响时较高。     

扁梁楼盖中组合节点的试验研究

进行组合扁梁楼盖中梁柱钢节点及组合节点的足尺试验。试件由钢管混凝土组合柱及轴对称钢梁与组合柱通过剪切钢板连接的组合楼盖组成。进行部分包裹混凝土组合梁的试验,确定扁梁楼盖锚钉的布置点。试验结果表明:组合节点和钢节点均为半钢性节点,且各自单独锚固;楼盖对提高节点抗弯承载力起重要作用。     

榫-钉连接木-混凝土组合梁受弯性能试验研究

为验证榫-钉连接的抗剪性能和组合性能,对榫-钉剪力连接件的推出试件以及采用该种连接的胶合木-混凝土组合梁分别进行了推出试验和弯曲试验。推出试验结果表明,榫-钉连接件的滑动刚度大、承载力高,同时也呈现出较为明显的脆性破坏。胶合木-混凝土组合梁由6个榫-钉剪力连接件连接。弯曲试验中测量了荷载、跨中挠度、木梁与混凝土板的应变以及端部和连接件处木梁与混凝土板的界面相对滑移。弯曲试验结果表明：木-混凝土组合梁的主要破坏模式为梁端木材的剪切破坏和木材的受弯破坏;采用榫-钉连接的木-混凝土组合梁的平均抗弯刚度达到了9.18×1012 N·mm2,较纯木梁提高了182.5%;其组合系数为69.7%,较传统螺钉连接的组合梁显著提升。因此,采用榫-钉连接的木-混凝土组合梁呈现出优异的抗弯刚度和承载力,有利于拓宽木-混凝土组合结构体系的应用范围,具有良好的应用前景。     

Berechnung von Stahlverbundträgern – Ein Rechenmodell zur Berücksichtigung von verformbaren,teiltragfähigen Verbundanschlüssen

Analysis of composite beams with consideration of semi‐rigid, ductile connections. Often composite connections don't have the full bending resistance of the connected composite beam and are in addition not fully rigid. But on the other side the bending resistances and the stiffnesses in the joints are too large to ignore. This article presents a simplified model, which allows to analyse the composite beam including the connection taking into account the effects of the connection as a bilinear spring.     

Composite connections in slim-floor system: An experimental study

This paper reports the results of full-scale tests in beam-to-column connections for composite slim floor systems, including tests on Bare Steel connection and composite connection. The tested system consists of a concrete-filled composite column and a composite floor where an asymmetric steel beam is connected to a composite column by shear steel plates. Tests results previously obtained on partially encased composite beams were used to define the position of the headed studs in the slim floor system. Based on the obtained results of connections, the composite and Bare Steel connection behaved as semi-rigid and nominally pinned respectively. The tests results also indicated a significant contribution of the slim floor to the moment capacity of the connection.     

新型完全剪切连接钢筋混凝土组合扁梁受力性能试验

对一种新型钢筋混凝土组合扁梁一U形外包钢钢筋混凝土组合扁梁的受力性能进行了试验,共完成5根不同剪力连接形式的简支梁静荷试验,其中2根为部分剪力连接试件,3根为完全剪力连接试件.研究了不同的抗剪连接形式对组合扁梁整体工作性能和受力性能等方面的影响,对该组合扁梁的抗弯刚度和承载力进行了理论分析.结果表明,该组合扁梁具有良好的力学性能,在完全剪切连接情况下,该组合扁梁的截面应变近似符合平截面假定,抗弯刚度和承载力的计算可以忽略外包钢和其内部混凝土之间滑移效应的影响,其理论计算值与试验结果吻合良好.     

竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架的实用设计方法(Ⅱ)——梁与柱设计及算例

虽然在钢框架结构设计中考虑半刚性连接和楼板的组合效应会产生良好的结构经济性,但是在实际工程中仍很难应用,主要原因是缺乏合适简便的设计方法。本文在国内外研究的基础上,结合我国钢结构设计规范GB50017-2003,给出了竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架的实用设计建议方法。设计建议方法包括满足两个极限状态的节点、梁、柱设计,较好地解决了梁挠度和柱有效长度系数计算中节点连接刚度的合理选取、半刚性特征对梁挠度和柱计算长度的影响。该方法不仅反映了节点和框架的实际性能,而且简便实用,符合工程师对普通钢框架的设计习惯。本文为全文的第二部分,介绍梁与柱设计。并通过一个算例,说明竖向荷载下半刚性连接组合框架的实用设计过程及经济性。     

Behavior of Steel–Concrete Partially Composite Beams Subjected to Fire—Part 1: Experimental Study

Partially composite steel–concrete beams are commonly used in building construction, and so the behavior of such beams in fire is an important problem. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of two composite beam specimens subject to fire exposure. The two specimens were nominally identical, except for the shear connection ratio. Based on room temperature calculations, one specimen was designed as fully composite, and the second was designed as partially composite with a 50% shear connection ratio. The concrete slab for each specimen was constructed with a flat steel deck and reinforcement was provided by a reinforcing bar truss. Both specimens were subject to a constant vertical load applied at four locations along the span and tested in a furnace with an ISO-834 standard fire. Both specimens achieved large deflections associated with flexural yielding of the composite beams and exhibited measured flexural capacities larger than predicted from Eurocode 4. Based on test measurements, the shear connection ratio had a significant influence on interface slip and uplift behavior of concrete slabs. Failure of the specimens was defined when the maximum deflection reached span/30. The fire exposure time needed to reach this definition of failure was nearly the same for both specimens, and was 51 min for the fully composite beam and 49 min for the partially composite beam. A companion paper considers the degradation of material properties with temperature and slips behavior of shear connectors at elevated temperatures and also provides an analytical approach to predict fire response of steel–concrete partially composite beams.     

半刚性连接组合梁框架足尺模型模拟地震振动台试验

为了研究半刚性连接组合梁框架在地震作用下动力特性以及破坏模式,为半刚性框架抗震设计及在地震区的使用提供依据,进行了1个足尺半刚性连接组合梁框架结构模型振动台试验研究。通过试验,分析了小震、中震和大震作用下半刚性连接组合梁框架结构的动力特性、位移反应、加速度反应、半刚性组合节点内力反应、结构破坏模式。研究结果表明:半刚性连接组合梁框架具有较好的抗震性能,在罕遇地震作用下(1.20g),整体结构仍然没有明显损坏,结构破坏形式为半刚性组合节点和柱脚处产生较大塑性变形,半刚性连接框架结构完全可以在高抗震设防烈度地区使用。对试验框架建立有限元分析模型,进行结构的非线性动力时程分析,计算结果与试验结果较为接近。     

Performance of reinforced concrete beams externally prestressed with fiber composites

This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams that have reached their ultimate bearing capacities and then retrofitted with externally prestressed carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) laminates. The effect of variation in prestressing force on CFRC laminates bonded to the RC beam is investigated in terms of the flexural strength, deflections, cracking behavior and failure modes. The results indicate that rehabilitation of significantly cracked beams by bonding CFRC laminates is structurally efficient.     

A practical design method for semi-rigid composite frames under vertical loads

Although the benefits of semi-rigid connections and composite actions of slabs are extensively documented in the design of steel frames, they are not widely used in practice. The primary cause is the lack of appropriate practical design methods. In this paper, a practical method suitable for the design of semi-rigid composite frames under vertical loads is proposed. The proposed method provides the design of the connections, beams and columns for semi-rigid composite frames at the ultimate and serviceability limit states. The rotational stiffness of beam-to-column connections for calculating the deflection of the frame beams and the effective length factor of columns are also determined. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed design method is verified by a pair of tests carried out on full-scale semi-rigid composite frames. Moreover, a design example is proposed to demonstrate the application of the proposed design method. It is shown that the proposed design method not only takes into account the actual behavior of the beam-to-column connections and its influence on the behavior of the overall structures, but is also simple and convenient for a designer to use in engineering practice.