4种野生菌子实体乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性的研究

目的研究柠檬黄蜡伞(Hygrophorus lucorum)、马鞍菌(Helvella elastica)、绒边乳菇(Lactarius pubescens)、晶粒鬼伞(Coprinus micaceus)4种野生菌子实体的体外抗氧化能力。方法在分别测定4种乙醇提取物总酚、总黄酮和粗三萜含量的基础上,采用清除DPPH自由基、抑制小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化及对Fe~(2+)的螯合能力实验,分别检测提取物的体外抗氧化能力。结果柠檬黄蜡伞、马鞍菌、绒边乳菇抗氧化活性较好,优于晶粒鬼伞。4种子实体乙醇提取物对DPPH均有一定的清除能力。除晶粒鬼伞外,其余三种在乙醇提取物为10 mg/m L时,对DPPH清除率在85%以上。柠檬黄蜡伞在浓度大于0.5 mg/m L时,小白鼠肝脂质过氧化的抑制率高于阳性对照BHA。4种子实体提取物均有一定的金属离子螯合能力,呈现剂量效应关系。结论野生菌的抗氧化活性与总酚、粗三萜含量相关;柠檬黄蜡伞、绒边乳菇、马鞍菌具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,可作为提取天然抗氧化剂的原料。     

墨汁鬼伞液体发酵营养因子对菌丝体生长和胞外多糖产量影响的研究

本研究实现了墨汁鬼伞[Coprinus atramentarius(Bull.Fr.)Fr.]的液体培养,通过单因素试验研究了不同碳源、氮源及无机盐对墨汁鬼伞菌丝体生长和胞外多糖产量的影响.在此基础上,通过响应曲面法(RSM)研究了各营养因子的最佳水平,得到当葡萄糖、玉米粉、麸皮、KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O分别为13.51、17.07、7.62、2.29和2g/L时,胞外多糖最大预测值为293.73mg/L;当上述变量为10.07、18.02、11.63、1.58和4g/L时,菌丝体最大生长量为6.24g/L.     

粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)的鉴定及其子实体不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与抑菌活性研究

采用rDNA ITS序列分析对一株野生桑黄菌(SH)进行鉴定,研究了其子实体不同溶剂(70%乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿)提取物中的总黄酮、总多酚与抗氧化活性的相关性以及4种提取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:该野生桑黄菌为粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus),其子实体不同溶剂提取物的总黄酮、总多酚、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性存在显著差异,其中甲醇提取物中的总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,分别为(14.78±0.16)mg芦丁/g和(67.42±1.41)mg没食子酸/g;70%乙醇提取物的和DPPH·清除能力ABTS+·清除能力最强,分别为(43.83±0.03)和(116.08±0.24)mg Trolox/g,甲醇提取物的铁离子还原能力最强,为(126.24±3.02)mg Trolox/g;总多酚和总黄酮含量与FRAP法之间呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),总多酚与ABTS+·清除能力和DPPH·清除能力之间呈显著相关(p<0.05),而总黄酮与ABTS+·清除能力和DPPH·清除能力不相关;70%乙醇提取物和甲醇提取物的抑菌效果最好,其中对草莓灰葡萄孢霉的抑菌效果最好(抑菌圈直径>30 mm),其次是对金黄色葡萄球菌(抑菌圈直径>15 mm),对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最差(抑菌圈直径>10 mm)。研究发现粗毛纤孔菌甲醇提取物的总多酚、总黄酮含量最高,抗氧化活性和抑菌活性最强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。     

鸡嗉子果色素提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化性

以鸡嗉子果为材料,以吸光度为指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用二次通用旋转试验设计,对鸡嗉子果色素的提取工艺进行了优化,并进行体外抗氧化活性测定。结果表明:该色素最佳提取工艺为提取温度35℃,液料比20∶1(m L/g),提取时间35min。该色素具有较强的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除能力为950028.34±983.22μg ferulic acid equivalents/g,铁离子还原/抗氧化能力为130.04±16.61mmo L Fe~(2+)equivalents/g,还原能力为353.54±22.46μg ascorbic acid equivalents/g,H_2O_2清除能力为344.60±78.33μg ferulic acid equivalents/g,ABTS+·自由基清除能力为3572.96±22.91μg Trolox equivalents/g。     

黑豆皮多酚提取物抗氧化活性研究

以黑豆皮为原料,分别利用体积分数70%的甲醇、乙醇和丙酮作为提取溶剂进行多酚类物质提取,研究提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。结果显示:丙酮提取物的多酚得率最高[(11.23±0.05)g/100g],且提取物中的总酚含量为(845.32±21.35)mg/g,总黄酮含量为(63.72±2.35)mg/g。同时,丙酮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)分别为(0.059±0.005),(0.057±0.004)mg/mL,其抗氧化能力低于抗坏血酸而高于甲醇和乙醇提取物。     

柿叶多酚的提取及体外生物活性的研究

利用水以及不同体积百分比(20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮时柿(Diospyros kaki cv.Mopan)叶中的多酚物质进行提取,提取率最高的不同溶剂提取物采用HP-20大孔树脂进行纯化,分别得到了水提取物(WE)、甲醇提取物(ME)、乙醇提取物(EE)和丙酮提取物(AE),并时不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性、胶原酶和酪氨酸酶抑制活性进行了分析和比较.结果表明.柿叶中的多酚含量相于27.4±0.21mg GA/g(干重).采用体积分数为60%的丙酮溶液提取柿叶多酚时.柿叶多酚的提取率最高,为74.3%±2.3%.60%丙酮提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力最高,达O.27±0.02μmol Trolox/mg,对胶原酶和酪氨酸酶也具有较高的抑制活性,IC50值分别为92.8 4-2.9μg/mL和185.4±5.3μg/mL.     

薄荷不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的研究

采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、Fe+还原法(FRAP)三种抗氧化模型对薄荷的水、甲醇、70％乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯五种提取物进行抗氧化活性评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系.结果表明,薄荷不同提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚含量呈极显著相关,与黄酮含量相关性较小.其中,水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(0.53±0.04) mg/mL;甲醇提取物对ABTS自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(1.57±0.03) mg/mL;乙酸乙酯提取物的FRAP值最高为(4.73±0.03) mmol/g;水提物中总酚含量最高为(58.81±3.10) mg/g,甲醇提取物中总黄酮含量较高为(162.95±1.91) mg/g.     

两种开封产黄色菊花的体外抗氧化活性

采用清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(tRAP)方法,评价开封产黄色菊花(春日剑山和麦浪)的体外总抗氧化活性,并将所测结果与水溶性维生素E(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylicacid,Trolox)及阳性对照二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)进行比较.结果发现,不同菊花的不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性不同.随着提取溶刺极性的增大,同种菊花不同溶剂提取物总的抗氧化活性逐渐增大.即甲醇提取物)乙酸乙酯提取物)石油醚提取物.所有提取物中,麦浪甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性最好.它清除DPPH自由基的能力(IC_(50)=20.01mg/L)略低于BHT(IC_(50)=18.92mg/L),清除ABTS自由基的能力(IC_(50)=25.93mg/L)约为BHT(IC_(50)值为7.72mg/L)的1/3.     

藏茜草不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法、超氧阴离子清除法、还原力测定法和螯合力测定法六种抗氧化模型对藏茜草95%乙醇提取物以及石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相,正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位的抗氧化活性进行评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系。研究结果表明,除水提部位外,藏茜草其它4个极性部位提取物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚和总黄酮含量呈显著相关。其中,乙酸乙酯部位总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,抗氧化活性也最强,其总黄酮和总多酚含量分别为(232.03±1.74)mg芦丁当量/g提取物和(173.53±1.75)mg没食子酸当量/g提取物,其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟自由基和ABTS自由基的EC50分别为0.06±0.01、0.17±0.01、(0.24±0.02)mg/m L和(1.75±0.23)μg/m L,对金属离子螯合力的EC50为(0.11±0.01)mg/m L。藏茜草的乙酸乙酯极性部位具有显著的抗氧化活性,是天然抗氧化活性化合物的良好来源。     

亨氏马尾藻醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性研究

研究了亨氏马尾藻95%乙醇提取物不同溶剂级分的体外抗氧化活性。采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定亨氏马尾藻醇提取物(总提取物)以及石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物五个部位的总酚含量,并通过DPPH·、ABTS~+·清除及ORAC三种方法评价五种提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物的总酚含量最高,为(12.71±0.02)mg GAE/g(没食子酸当量)。在不同抗氧化测定方法中,亨氏马尾藻醇提取物及其不同溶剂萃取物均表现出不同程度的抗氧化活性。其中,乙酸乙酯萃取物抗氧化活性较强,其DPPH和ABTS半数清除率分别为(0.89±0.01)mg/m L和(0.73±0.03)mg/m L,ORAC值达到(1803.78±81.37)μmol TE/g。     

荷叶离褶伞多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本研究以荷叶离褶伞多糖为对象,采用单因素与响应面法对多糖提取温度、提取时间、液料比、次数进行优化,进一步研究了荷叶离褶伞多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明:在提取温度为89 ℃,时间为3 h,液料比为30:1 (mL/g),提取2次时,荷叶离褶伞多糖得率为5.35%±0.12%,与预测值相近。荷叶离褶伞多糖的抗氧化活性与多糖浓度在0~1.0 mg/mL范围内呈现剂量依赖关系,多糖浓度在1.0 mg/mL时,DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率分别达到45.87%±2.12%和76.49%±1.56%。荷叶离褶伞多糖对DPPH和ABTS自由基半抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为1.40、0.44 mg/mL,说明荷叶离褶伞多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of ethanol extracts from Rhus chinensis Mill leaves

Ethanol extracts were obtained from Rhus chinensis Mill (RCM) leaves and used for antioxidant and antigenotoxic activity assays. IC₅₀ values in DPPH assays were 15.96, 18.83, 20.43, 27.93, 37.43, 46.21, and 141.84 μg/mL for TPP, IPE, LLE, Vc, CE, BHT, and Trolox. Similar results were obtained using ABTS and FRAP assays. In vivo testing showed strong antioxidant activities that were positively correlated with polyphenol contents. Leaf tissue contained abundant polyphenols, and more than 10 phenolic compounds were detected in extracts. Quantitative results showed that quercetin-3-rhamnoside (26.4±0.76 mg/g of extract) was the most abundant ingredient, followed by hyperoside (15.2±0.42 mg/g of extract), quercetin (1.5±0.07mg/g of extract), and kaempferol (0.48±0.05 mg/g of extract). This study increases the knowledge for possible uses of forest by-products as a substitute for gallnuts.     

Tea and herbal infusions: Their antioxidant activity and phenolic profile

Tea and herbal infusions have been studied for their polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile. The total phenolics recovered by ethyl acetate from the water extract, were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and ranged from 88.1 ± 0.42 (Greek mountain tea) to 1216 ± 32.0 mg (Chinese green tea) GAE (Gallic acid equivalents)/cup. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods, DPPH and chemiluminescence assays, using Trolox and quercetin as standards. The EC₅₀ of herbal extracts ranged from 0.151 ± 0.002 mg extract/mg DPPH (0.38 quercetin equivalents and 0.57 Trolox equivalents), for Chinese green tea, to 0.77 ± 0.012 mg extract/mg DPPH (0.08 quercetin equivalents and 0.13 Trolox equivalents), for Greek mountain tea. Chemiluminescence assay results showed that the IC₅₀ ranged from 0.17 ± 3.4 × 10⁻³ μg extract/ml of the final solution in the measuring cell (1.89 quercetin and 5.89 Trolox equivalents) for Chinese green tea, to 1.10 ± 1.86 × 10⁻² g extract/ml of the final solution in the measuring cell (0.29 quercetin and 0.90 Trolox equivalents) for Greek mountain tea. The phenolic profile in the herbal infusions was investigated by LC-DAD-MS in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI⁺) mode. About 60 different flavonoids, phenolic acids and their derivatives have been identified.     

木贼醇提物不同萃取部位总酚酸、黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

目的:对木贼的乙醇提取物不同萃取部位进行总酚酸、黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性比较,以探知木贼抗氧化活性物质基础。方法:木贼经70%乙醇超声提取浓缩后,采用有机溶剂萃取法依次得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水相4个部位萃取物;利用紫外-分光光度法比较各萃取部位总黄酮、酚酸含量差异;以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,比较不同萃取部位还原能力、羟自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)、2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+·)清除率的差异,评价各部位抗氧化能力强弱。结果:木贼各萃取物总黄酮含量在5.70~61.55 mg/g 范围内,总酚酸含量在4.07~19.10 mg/g 范围内,乙酸乙酯萃取物总黄酮与酚酸含量明显高于其他萃取物,其还原能力、羟自由基、DPPH·、ABTS+·清除率也明显高于正丁醇、石油醚和水相萃取物,乙酸乙酯萃取物对羟自由基、ABTS+·、DPPH·清除能力IC₅₀值分别为:(0.321±0.0026)、(0.213±0.0010)和(0.169±0.0014) mg/mL。结论:经各相溶剂萃取后木贼有效成分得到初步分离,乙酸乙酯相萃取部位总黄酮和酚酸相对含量及抗氧化活性明显强于总提物和其他萃取部位,且其抗氧化能力呈量效关系。实验发现木贼中黄酮和酚酸类成分与其抗氧化能力密切相关。     

Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of dairy products supplemented with red ginseng extract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effect of dairy products milk (M) and yogurt (Y) after the addition of 2% red ginseng extract to milk (RM) and to yogurt (RY). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and total radical trapping antioxidant potential were determined in the samples. Furthermore, antigenotoxic effect of samples was measured, using comet assay in human leukocytes. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of RM [38.3 ± 0.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g, 23.6 ± 0.1 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g] and RY (41.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 18.7 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g), respectively, were higher than those of M (6.31 ± 0.2 mg of GAE/100 g, 10.4 ± 0.1 mg of QE/100 g) and Y (8.1 ± 0.9 mg of GAE/100 g, 8.4 ± 0.2 mg of QE/100 g), respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values increased significantly after the addition of 2% red ginseng in both. Additionally, the total radical trapping antioxidant potential in RM (787.7 ± 7.0 μg/mL) was lower than in M (2074.0 ± 28.4 μg/mL). The H₂O₂-induced DNA damage in RY (0.1 ± 0.0 mg/mL) was less than the damage in Y (0.4 ± 0.0 mg/mL), but we found no significant difference between M and RM. This study indicates that supplementation with red ginseng can fortify the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of dairy products effectively.     

Antioxidant capacity and total phenolics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyphostemma digitatum</Emphasis> before and after processing: use of different assays

In the framework of standardisation of new healthy food sources, this paper aimed to study the total phenolics and the antioxidant power of Cyphostemma digitatum (Vitaceae) in water and ethanol extracts, using 96-well micro plates with BMG FLUOstar Optima micro plate reader. Total phenolics by Folin–Ciocalteu method in the water extracts were significantly lower after processing, decreasing from 1.41 ± 0.06 g GAE/100 g in the raw leaves to 0.80 ± 0.08 g GAE/100 g in the processed sample; the ethanol extract revealed the same trend with higher values, decreasing from 1.95 ± 0.03 to 1.56 ± 0.12 g GAE/100 g. The antioxidant capacity was elucidated by four methods: TEAC, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC. No or very weak correlations were found between antioxidant assays and total phenolics; this confirms that the antioxidant capacity could be attributed to other molecules. The ORAC assay proved to be more powerful than the other assays; it showed 103.3 ± 2.5 mmol/100 g Trolox equivalents in the raw leaves ethanol extract and 91.9 ± 3.0 mmol/100 g in the processed sample. ORAC assay showed the opposite for the water extract where the antioxidant capacity increased from 16.7 ± 0.2 to 41.7 ± 2.7 mmol/100 g Trolox equivalents after processing, which could be attributed to new water-soluble compounds generated in the consumed form.     

Selection of the Solvent and Extraction Conditions for Maximum Recovery of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Coffee Silverskin

The extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from coffee silverskin (CS) was studied. Firstly, the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water) on the production of antioxidant extracts was evaluated. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays), but those obtained with methanol and ethanol had significantly higher (p?<?0.05) DPPH inhibition than the remaining ones. Due to the lower toxicity, ethanol was selected as extraction solvent, and further experiments were performed in order to define the solvent concentration, solvent/solid ratio, and time to maximize the extraction results. The best condition to produce an extract with high content of phenolic compounds (13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g CS) and antioxidant activity [DPPH?=?18.24 μmol Trolox equivalents/g CS and FRAP?=?0.83 mmol Fe(II)/g CS] was achieved when using 60 % ethanol in a ratio of 35 ml/g CS, during 30 min at 60–65 °C.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

Nutritional constituents,phytochemical profiles, <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of various solvent extracts from grape seeds (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L.)

The present study revealed that the nutritive value of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.) was 383.55±0.13 Kcal/100 g, with magnesium as the most abundant mineral element (70.44±0.88 mg/L). The maximum phenolic (392.58±1.70mg of GAE/g), flavonoid (256.16±1.60 mg of QE/g), and tannin (30.95±0.17mg of CE/g) contents were also found in the ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts, respectively. The major phytochemical compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were identified via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The ethanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀=140±1.20 μg/mL for DPPH, 145.28±0.45mg α-tocopherol/g for total antioxidant capacity, and EC₅₀=80±1.41 μg/mL for ferric-reducing power assays). For β-carotene test, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the hexane extract. A satisfactory antimicrobial activity was found against a panel of microorganisms with the ethyl acetate extract as the best antimicrobial agent. Additionally, it was found that the bactericidal concentration required for the grape seed extract to kill Listeria monocytogenes should be less than 12.50 mg/mL (minimum inhibitory concentration=4).     

狭叶荨麻醇提物的体外抗氧化及抗炎活性

为了开发利用狭叶荨麻资源,本研究以狭叶荨麻为原料,对其醇提物的体外抗氧化及抗炎活性进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对提取条件进行了优化,得到最佳提取条件为提取时间114 min、料液比1:15、乙醇浓度为64%,所得醇提物得率(10.00±0.26)%,该狭叶荨麻醇提物中活性物质含量总酚(160.77±0.01)mg/g、总黄酮(366.85±0.05)mg/g、原花青素(7.81±0.01)mg/g、皂苷(516.76±0.04)mg/g、生物碱(2.01±0.02)mg/g。在优化条件下进行了提取,分别采用抗坏血酸(Vc)、双氯芬酸钠作抗氧化、抗炎阳性对照,对所得狭叶荨麻醇提物进行总还原力、清除DPPH·、清除·OH及抑制透明质酸酶、抑制白蛋白变性活性评价。该狭叶荨麻醇提物总还原力高于Vc,且量效关系比Vc更明显(p0.001),EC50为0.04 mg/m L;清除DPPH·、清除·OH活性比Vc好,IC50分别是0.02 mg/m L、1.87 mg/m L;抑制透明质酸酶、抑制白蛋白变性活性与双氯芬酸钠相近,IC50分别是2.43 mg/m L,0.31mg/m L。