国际学术会议宣传与品质提升措施分析——以ICCEBE国际会议为例

学术会议是来自各科研院所、研究机构的专家学者交流科研成果,碰撞交汇前沿思想的场所。我国学术交流活动已经进入繁荣期,但是目前的学术会议宣传与质量提升仍存在些问题,以第一届华人能源与人工环境国际学术会议为例,阐述国际会议在学术会议宣传及会议品质提升方面所采取的措施。     

Blockchain breeding grounds: Asia's advance over the USA and Europe

Blockchain is argued to disrupt almost every industry and research field. Among other technologies, it contributes to the next fourth industrial revolution. While prominent technologies, such as AI and IoT, have already proven their potential and value in many applications, Blockchain applications have gathered only limited appeal. We ask, which countries drive inventive activity in Blockchain and to which magnitude and type. Using worldwide Blockchain patent applications from 2009 to 2020 as inventive outcome indicators the National Breeding Ground (NBG) index and the International Breeding Ground (IBG) index are calculated. The NBG index is related to the interest of a country to file Blockchain patents in its domestic market. The IBG index is related to the interest of a country to file and exploit Blockchain patents in foreign markets. We observe China and the USA as strong national and international breeding grounds. In particular, Asian countries drive Blockchain inventions. European countries contribute marginally to the Blockchain patent landscape and, together with the USA, are losing ground to Asia. Comparisons to prior work on Blockchain patenting and research patterns partially reflect our results. However, comparisons to AI suggest different patenting and exploitation strategies for Blockchain and AI in China.     

Patenting patterns in Artificial Intelligence: Identifying national and international breeding grounds

This paper identifies countries at the forefront of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and proposes two novel patent-based indicators to differentiate structural differences in the patterns of intellectual property (IP) protection observed for AI across countries. In particular, we consider (i) the extent to which countries specialise in AI and are relevant markets for corresponding IP protection (‘National Breeding Ground’); and (ii) the extent to which countries attract AI from abroad for IP protection and extend the protection of their AI-related IP to foreign markets (‘International Breeding Ground’). Our investigation confirms prior findings regarding substantial changes in the technological leadership in AI, besides drastic changes in the relevance of AI techniques over time. Particularly, we find that National and International Breeding Grounds overlap only partially. China and the US can be characterised as dominant National Breeding Grounds. Australia and selected European countries, but primarily the US, are major International Breeding Grounds. We conclude that China promotes AI development with a major focus on IP protection in its domestic market, whereas the US sustains its AI progress in the international context as well. This might indicate a considerable bifurcation in the structural patterns of IP protection in global AI development.     

Drivers,barriers and social considerations for AI adoption in business and management: A tertiary study

The number of academic papers in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications across business and management domains has risen significantly in the last decade, and that rise has been followed by an increase in the number of systematic literature reviews.The aim of this study is to provide an overview of existing systematic reviews in this growing area of research and to synthesise the findings related to drivers, barriers and social implications of the AI adoption in business and management.The methodology used for this tertiary study is based on Kitchenham and Charter's guidelines [14], resulting in a selection of 30 reviews published between 2005 and 2019 which are reporting results of 2021 primary studies.These reviews cover the AI adoption across various business sectors (healthcare, information technology, energy, agriculture, apparel industry, engineering, smart cities, tourism and transport), management and business functions (HR, customer services, supply chain, health and safety, project management, decision-support, systems management and technology adoption).While the drivers for the AI adoption in these areas are mainly economic, the barriers are related to the technical aspects (e.g. availability of data, reusability of models) as well as the social considerations such as, increased dependence on non-humans, job security, lack of knowledge, safety, trust and lack of multiple stakeholders’perspectives.Very few reviews outside of the healthcare management domain consider human, organisational and wider societal factors of the AI adoption.In addition to increased focus on social implications of AI, the reviews are recommending more rigorous evaluation, increased use of hybrid solutions (AI and non-AI) and multidisciplinary approach to AI design and evaluation.Furthermore, this study found that there is a lack of systematic reviews in some of the early AI adoption sectors such as financial industry and retail.     

Embrace artificial intelligence technologies for advanced analytics and management of intellectual properties

This short communication describes the background, objectives, and publications of World Patent Information's special issue on Artificial Intelligence for Intellectual Property (AI for IP). The report serves as the editorial for the WPI's special issue on AI for IP. We look forward to receiving future contributions in research articles, literature/book reviews, conference reports and short communications in the subject areas.     

Selective diary of IP information related conferences,meetings, exhibitions and courses

Selective diary of IP information related conferences, meetings, exhibitions and courses.     

中国包装产业大数据知识图谱应用系统的设计

目的针对目前包装产业存在的产业链长、数据大而散、包装领域知识不全面等问题,设计一个中国包装产业大数据知识图谱应用系统。方法从行业高度定义涵盖包装领域全生态的分类体系,结合人工智能中知识图谱的最新技术,对政府信息、工商信息、行业信息、学术论文、全球包装专利等互联网上各类数据进行自动采集汇聚,抽取出知识信息,融合成一个涵盖资讯、政策、会议、标准、论文、专利、企业、产品、高校、机构和专家等十几类信息的包装知识图谱知识库。结果系统主要功能包括数据采集、知识图谱和终端应用,实现了包装产业大数据的图谱探索、产业链图、数据报告和关联搜索。结论该系统使用方便,可从多视图、多维度获取包装产业相关数据,提升行业的数字化和信息化水平,加速中国包装行业的智能化产业升级,促进包装产业逐步向智能、绿色、集约、创新方向发展。     

Measuring patent quality: A claim and search report approach

This paper presents a new prospective metric for assessing the novelty and inventiveness of patents. It does this by using initial patent search reports and examiner's intuition about the impact of adverse citations on patent claim survival. The paper then demonstrates the metric by evaluating the quality of Switzerland's national patent stock using a selection model, finding that between 84 and 90% of the country's national patents would likely not survive examination at the European Patent Office. In doing so, it contributes to the larger literature on patent assessment, underscores the relevance of patent strategy in the observed characteristics of patents, and removes some of the ambiguity in the academic literature about backward citations.     

An analysis of the effects of artificial intelligence on electric vehicle technology innovation using patent data

This study empirically analyzes the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on electric vehicle technology innovation by employing a machine learning-based text mining model and the international patent classification (IPC) co-occurrence network analysis, using patent data filed from 1980 to 2017. Based on artificial intelligence algorithms classified, the study demonstrates the dynamic changing pattern of the convergence of artificial intelligence and electric vehicle technology and reveals how artificial intelligence has affected electric vehicle technology innovation over time. This study reveals that artificial intelligence accelerates the automation of electric vehicle driving, and that artificial intelligence algorithms that are widely used in electric vehicles have changed over time, and that technology areas of electric vehicles that AI affects also have been changed.     

From triadic closure to conference closure: the role of academic conferences in promoting scientific collaborations

An academic conference is not only a venue for publishing papers but also a nursery room for new scientific encounters. While previous research has investigated scientific collaboration mechanisms based on the triadic closure and focal closure, in this paper, we propose a new collaboration mechanism named conference closure. Conference closure means that scholars involved in a common conference may collaborate with each other in the future. We analyze the extent to which scholars will meet new collaborators from both the individual and community levels by using 22 conferences in the field of data mining extracted from DBLP digital library. Our results demonstrate the existence of conference closure and this phenomenon is more remarkable in conferences with high field rating and large scale attendees. Scholars involved in multiple conferences will encounter more collaborators from the conferences. Another interesting finding is that although most conference attendees are junior scholars with few publications, senior scholars with fruitful publications may gain more collaborations during the conference. Meanwhile, the conference closure still holds if we control the productivity homophily. Our study will shed light on evaluating the impact of a conference from the social function perspective based on the index of conference closure.     

黑龙江省生物医药产业专利战略研究

生物制药业因其高投入、高风险、高回报的产业特点,对技术的依赖性很强,发达国家的生物制药业因大量的技术支持和成熟的专利战略的运用取得了巨大成功。黑龙江省生物制药业应以国家和企业的专利战略为重点,以行业专利战略为主线,建立知识产权联盟,切实实施好保护模仿创新、建立技术标准、利用国际公约等战略战术,促进该行业的长发展。     

Intermediaries in regional innovation systems: An historical event-based analysis applied to AI industry in Montreal

This article combines intermediaries and regional innovation system literatures to develop an analytical approach to study the role of intermediaries using the case of the artificial intelligence (AI) industry in Montreal as a testing ground. More specifically, it explores what kinds of intermediaries dominate the Montreal AI innovation system, the functions and types of activities they perform in fostering and supporting the development of the AI industry, as well as their ability to link different actors both within and outside this configuration. Based on a historical event analysis, we found that there is a great diversity of intermediaries present in Montreal's AI innovation system and there is an association between the type of intermediary and the functions and activities they perform. We also find that while intermediaries are instrumental in both facilitating local and non-local linkages, their priority is to orchestrate local interactions.     

The role of artificial intelligence in business transformation: A case of pharmaceutical companies

Artificial intelligence (AI) is of great interest to researchers and practitioners as a means of achieving the necessary progress in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the role of AI and ways of transforming companies are not well studied. The purpose of the paper is to identify exactly how AI affects the key and support business processes of pharmaceutical companies. We offer a qualitative interview study of five large, five medium, and five small pharmaceutical companies. Based on scarce literature on the role of AI in the pharmaceutical industry, we considered which business processes are subject to transform within it and how they do so. We determine that small pharma companies significantly change research and development, master data management, analysis and reporting, and human resource business processes under the influence of AI. Large pharma companies use AI to transform production, sales, marketing, and analysis business processes. In turn, medium-sized companies are in the middle and individually transform their business processes depending on their specialization.     

Formational bounds of link prediction in collaboration networks

Scientometrics - With an ever increasing number of academic conferences being offered and a growing concern regarding the appearance of “predatory conferencing”, the optimal use of...     

Reverse-engineering conference rankings: what does it take to make a reputable conference?

In recent years, several national and community-driven conference rankings have been compiled. These rankings are often taken as indicators of reputation and used for a variety of purposes, such as evaluating the performance of academic institutions and individual scientists, or selecting target conferences for paper submissions. Current rankings are based on a combination of objective criteria and subjective opinions that are collated and reviewed through largely manual processes. In this setting, the aim of this paper is to shed light into the following question: to what extent existing conference rankings reflect objective criteria, specifically submission and acceptance statistics and bibliometric indicators? The paper specifically considers three conference rankings in the field of Computer Science: an Australian national ranking, a Brazilian national ranking and an informal community-built ranking. It is found that in all cases bibliometric indicators are the most important determinants of rank. It is also found that in all rankings, top-tier conferences can be identified with relatively high accuracy through acceptance rates and bibliometric indicators. On the other hand, acceptance rates and bibliometric indicators fail to discriminate between mid-tier and bottom-tier conferences.     

SME tailor-designed patent portfolio analysis

The management of patents is acknowledged to be closely correlated to a company’s profits. Thus, evaluation of patent portfolios is an essential task for companies producing or depending on technology-related products. While global players and consultants already have considerable experience in this field, no tool has so far been available that meets SME requirements. The Innovation and Patent-Centre at the Chamber of Commerce in Hamburg, a German think tank for patent management, has now developed a tool specially suited for SMEs. The article describes the methodology of the tool and compares it to other state-of-the-art tools. The tool gives an easy-to-understand overview for personnel with different professional backgrounds and facilitates strategic cross-functional discussions. Field tests carried out with SMEs in different industry sectors and with varying patent portfolio sizes and structures have shown good results.     

Artificial intelligence and patents in Brazil: Overview on patentability and comparative study on patent filings

Innovations related to artificial intelligence (AI) can impact many technological fields and gather attention of several sectors from industry. Brazil is a developing country with a large territory and consumer market, attracting investment from foreign companies, including AI technologies. In the present work, we carry out a review of the Brazilian IP Law, Guidelines and Resolutions regarding patentability of AI inventions in Brazil, and also perform comparative analyses with the guidelines from the EPO and USPTO. Then, patent searches are carried out to analyze filing indicators of patent applications for AI inventions, wherein it is possible to verify that most of the filing applicants in Brazil are foreign companies, mainly from the US. Brazilian entities, which rank second overall in filing for patent applications in Brazil, do not even appear among the main applicants for AI inventions. We conclude that Brazil is not a competitive country in the production of patents related to AI, and it is important for Brazil to establish some degree of legal certainty regarding patent protection for AI inventions and disseminate knowledge about protecting such inventions by patents, so that inventors opt to disclose their AI inventions instead of keeping them as a trade secret. Therefore, more and more sectors of society might benefit from innovations arising from AI.     

Analyzing Some Elements of Technological Singularity Using Regression Methods

Technological advancement has contributed immensely to human life and society. Technologies like industrial robots, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are advancing at a rapid pace. While the evolution of Artificial Intelligence has contributed significantly to the development of personal assistants, automated drones, smart home devices, etc., it has also raised questions about the much-anticipated point in the future where machines may develop intelligence that may be equal to or greater than humans, a term that is popularly known as Technological Singularity. Although technological singularity promises great benefits, past research works on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems going rogue highlight the downside of Technological Singularity and assert that it may lead to catastrophic effects. Thus, there is a need to identify factors that contribute to technological advancement and may ultimately lead to Technological Singularity in the future. In this paper, we identify factors such as Number of scientific publications in Artificial Intelligence, Number of scientific publications in Machine Learning, Dynamic RAM (Random Access Memory) Price, Number of Transistors, and Speed of Computers’ Processors, and analyze their effects on Technological Singularity using Regression methods (Multiple Linear Regression and Simple Linear Regression). The predictive ability of the models has been validated using PRESS and k-fold cross-validation. Our study shows that academic advancement in AI and ML and Dynamic RAM prices contribute significantly to Technological Singularity. Investigating the factors would help researchers and industry experts comprehend what leads to Technological Singularity and, if needed, how to prevent undesirable outcomes.     

A new patent processing suite for academic and research purposes

Patent databases are a counterpart of a technical encyclopedia providing a valuable informational source from patent documents. Patents apply to a wide variety of uses, and this is expanding. The increasing kinds of users of patent documents result in a lack of educational programs regarding this matter. This paper describes Patent2Net (P2N) a patentinformatic suite whose purpose is to fill the lack in the academic world (education and research) of a tool to use with students (STEM, Masters, PhD), by valuation services and for defining corpuses for research in general patent analysis, specifically on textual content. P2N is a free open-source modular, scalable, customizable and derivable tool, written in the python language. We present here the main functions of the tool and the technical aspects after discussing the skills to be reached by students for state of the art patent analysis.     

"Get Rich, or Die Trying": Lessons from Rambus' High-Risk Predatory Litigation in the Semiconductor Industry

Patent litigation is a visible and widespread feature of the semiconductor industry, as firms pursue judicial mechanisms to defend, or promote, their intellectual property portfolios. This study highlights the antecedents, strategic goals, tactics and outcomes of the most significant US trial of this type in the last decade, namely Rambus v. Infineon, whereby a smaller company (Rambus) successfully pursued a “do or die” litigation campaign against a larger rival, thus changing the rules of engagement for the semiconductor industry as a whole. This campaign is notable, not just because of its undoubted effects on the semiconductor industry, but because of the innovative nature of Rambus' strategy, which was extremely risky both in terms of its prospects of success and its potential damage to the company if it failed. Arguing that dominant logic and operating rules are important antecedents in the development and pursuit of patent litigation strategies, this paper analyses the Rambus case using a “dominant logic” and “effectuation” framework. Doing so demonstrates the innovative nature of Rambus' “high-risk predatory strategy”, the outcome of a dominant logic sustained by effectuation principles. The paper discusses the impact and significance of this new strategic form.