共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
饮用水消毒副产物的去除途径及进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
饮用水使用氯消毒产生的消毒副产物对人类健康带来了极大危害。本文介绍了饮用水消毒副产物的形成原因及影响因素,并从选择优质水源、降低消毒副产物的前体物质、替换传统的消毒剂、去除已生成的消毒副产物四个方面论述和比较了饮用水中消毒副产物的各种去除途径及进展,指出了在去除消毒副产物方面存在的问题。 相似文献
2.
饮用水消毒副产物的去除途径及进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
饮用水使用氯消毒产生的副产物对人类健康带来了极大危害.介绍饮用水消毒副产物的形成原因及影响因素,并从选择优质水源、降低消毒副产物的前体物质、替换传统的消毒剂、去除已生成的消毒副产物4个方面论述了饮用水中消毒副产物的各种去除途径及进展. 相似文献
3.
4.
消毒副产物总致癌风险的首要指标参数--卤乙酸 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19
利用国际和国内饮用水中消毒副产物的一些有代表性的数据 ,计算了各种消毒副产物的致癌风险。分析结果显示 :(1)饮用水中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸浓度的相关性不好 (R2 ≤ 0 4887) ,说明不能从一类消毒副产物的浓度来推断另一类消毒副产物的浓度 ;(2 )在饮用水中消毒副产物的总致癌风险中 ,卤乙酸的致癌风险占 91 9%以上 ,三卤甲烷的致癌风险则在 8 1%以下 ;(3)饮用水中卤乙酸浓度与消毒副产物的总致癌风险之间相关性极好 (R2 ≥ 0 919)。综合以上三点 ,建议将饮用水中卤乙酸浓度作为控制消毒副产物总致癌风险的首要指标参数 相似文献
5.
6.
卤乙腈(HANs)普遍存在于饮用水中,且卤乙腈比三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)等消毒副产物具有更强的遗传毒性、细胞毒性和致癌性。介绍了卤乙腈的种类毒性、分布情况及卤乙腈前体物的种类、卤乙腈的生成过程、卤乙腈的含量控制。其中消毒副产物生成的种类和数量主要与水源水的水质特性、所使用的消毒剂种类和水处理工艺与工况有关,概述了控制卤乙腈前体物与改良消毒工艺及去除已生成的卤乙腈,以减少饮用水中卤乙腈的浓度水平。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
水中碘类消毒副产物(Iodo-DBPs,I-DBPs)是目前饮用水领域开始关注的新兴卤代消毒副产物种类之一。近年来I-DBPs在越来越多发达国家城市饮用水中被检出,其浓度在几μg/L到几十μg/L之间,占总卤代有机物(TOX)的1%左右。鉴于该类消毒副产物具有极强的致癌和致突变特性,且在氯胺消毒过程中极易生成,难以在常规饮用水处理工艺中有效控制,因此对其毒理特征、产生机制及控制手段进行研究是目前饮用水领域新的研究方向。对碘类消毒副产物的分类特性、检测方法、生成机理、遗传毒性和致癌性、控制方法进行了综述。 相似文献
10.
《给水排水》2015,(11)
南方某水厂采用的臭氧-生物活性炭给水深度处理工艺稳定运行了6年,为了解工艺长期运行过程中在活性炭性能指标下降后,是否还能有效地去除有机物和消毒副产物,开展了试验研究。重点考察臭氧-生物活性炭对水中有机物和氯化消毒副产物的去除效果,通过与常规处理出水水质的对比,探讨其去除有机物和消毒副产物的优势。结果表明,臭氧-生物活性炭是一个长期有效的去除有机物和氯化消毒副产物的控制手段。该工艺对CODMn、TOC、UV254的去除率分别为43.2%、24.0%、58.8%;对THMsFP去除率为40.1%;对三氯甲烷和三氯乙醛的去除率分别达到54.5%和70.7%。在臭氧-生物活性炭组合处理工艺中,活性炭池是去除有机物和消毒副产物的关键工艺。 相似文献
11.
12.
TiO_2在饮用水膜处理技术中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于微污染水源水中天然有机物(NOMs)、藻毒素、农药等有毒有害物质,常规的水处理工艺不仅去除效果十分有限,而且会增加消毒副产物。膜分离技术是有效的解决方法之一,但如何制备新型膜材料、减少膜污染是实现膜分离技术在饮用水生产中应用的关键技术;TiO2催化氧化与膜处理技术联用后,可以提高膜通量,杀死细菌和有效减轻膜污染;在膜制备过程中TiO2不仅可以直接制备成膜,而且还可以杂合无机膜或有机膜制备复合膜,能够明显改善膜的亲水性,提高膜通量,在膜分离过程中同时具有催化性能。 相似文献
13.
三氯硝基甲烷(TCNM)是饮用水处理过程中产生的典型的卤化含氮消毒副产物,在饮用水水质标准日益严格的今天受到了学者们的广泛关注。就国内外目前对TCNM的研究现状进行分析,介绍了TCNM的分析方法及形成机理,综述了饮用水处理过程中TCNM生成的影响因素,并探讨了该领域的研究方向,旨在为解决饮用水中的TCNM污染问题提供新的思路。 相似文献
14.
对农村安全饮水来说,选择好的水源和净水工艺是获得安全饮用水的第一步.江西省地下水水质总体较好,成为了农村饮水安全工程的首选水源.根据水质情况,一般只需进行消毒处理,部分需进行除铁锰.本文对几种常见的消毒、除铁锰工艺进行了分析,并结合江西省农村实际情况,分别推荐了较适用于江西省农村地下水处理的消毒和除铁锰工艺. 相似文献
15.
The performance of three drinking water treatment sequences found in small community systems in reducing disinfection by-product precursor concentrations and the corresponding disinfection by-product formation potential was evaluated. Raw water quality and its potential for effective removal were characterized by the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) components of absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm wavelength (UV254) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The results demonstrate that, for the source water qualities tested (hydrophobic SUVA with moderate DOC content, 2.0 to 4.8 L/(mg.m) and 4.1 to 6.3 mg DOC/L), there was a tendency to produce a higher percentage of total trihalomethane (TTHM) over the five regulated species of haloacetic acid (HAA5). The treatment sequence and chemical selection play a critical role in the ability of a small community system operator to achieve compliance with the concentration of regulated disinfection by-products. For the waters tested ferric chloride coagulants perform better at reducing the higher molecular weight, hydrophobic organic precursors. Powdered activated carbon does not perform as well with these source waters unless its application is followed by a clarification process that effectively forms a sludge blanket. This research provides additional criteria for linking source water quality with treatment sequence for sustainable management of disinfection by-product (DBP) compliance. 相似文献
16.
Management of water quality in karst is a specific problem. Water generally moves very fast by infiltration processes but far more by concentrated flows through fissures and openings in karst. This enables the entire surface pollution to be transferred fast and without filtration into groundwater springs. A typical example is the Jadro spring. Changes in water quality at the spring are sudden, but short. Turbidity as a major water quality problem for the karst springs regularly exceeds allowable standards. Former practice in problem solving has been reduced to intensive water disinfection in periods of great turbidity without analyses of disinfection by-products risks for water users. The main prerequisite for water quality control and an optimization of water disinfection is the knowledge of raw water quality and nature of occurrence. The analysis of monitoring data and their functional relationship with hydrological parameters enables establishment of a stochastic model that will help obtain better information on turbidity in different periods of the year. Using the model a great number of average monthly and extreme daily values are generated. By statistical analyses of these data possibility of occurrence of high turbidity in certain months is obtained. This information can be used for designing expert system for water quality management of karst springs. Thus, the time series model becomes a valuable tool in management of drinking water quality of the Jadro spring. 相似文献