Preparation of solid polyferric sulfate from pyrite cinders and its structure feature

1　INTRODUCTIONCoagulationisanessentialprocessintheoverallsolid liquidseparationschemeinwaterandadvancedwastewatertreatment .Hydrolyzingmetalsalts ,suchasferriccoagulants ,canpromotetheformationofag gregates.WhenFesaltsaredissolvedinwater,themetalironhydrates ,coordinatingsixwatermoleculesandforminganaquometalion ,canthenhydrolyzeandformmonomericand polymericferricspecies ,whichishighlydependentonpHofthesolution .Itispossibletodescribetheformationofseveralhydrolysisspecies ,suchaspositiv…     

用聚合硫酸铁工艺处理酸洗钢管废液

介绍了一种用硫酸废液直接生产新型高效混凝剂——聚合硫酸铁的新工艺。用该工艺处理废酸液的经济效益比硫酸亚铁法高40％,并且对环境无二次污染,是目前处理废酸液较为理想的方法。     

Kinetics of zinc sulfide concentrate direct leaching in pilot plant scale and development of semi-empirical model

The direct leaching kinetics of an iron-poor zinc sulfide concentrate in the tubular reactor was examined. All tests were carried out in the pilot plant. To allow the execution of hydrostatic pressure condition, the slurry with ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid solution was filled into a vertical tube (9 m in height) and air was blown from the bottom of the reactor. The effects of initial acid concentration, temperature, particle size, initial zinc sulfate concentration, pulp density and the concentration of Fe on the leaching kinetics were investigated. Results of the kinetic analysis indicate that direct leaching of zinc sulfide concentrate follows shrinking core model (SCM). This process was controlled by a chemical reaction with the apparent activation energy of 49.7 kJ/mol. Furthermore, a semi-empirical equation is obtained, showing that the order of the iron, sulfuric acid and zinc sulfate concentrations and particle radius are 0.982, 0.189, ?0.097 and ?0.992, respectively. Analysis of the unreacted and reacted sulfide particles by SEM–EDS shows that insensitive agitation in the reactor causes detachment of the sulfur layer from the particles surface in lower than 60% Zn conversion and lixiviant in the face with sphalerite particles.     

Effect of delta ferrite content on the corrosion resistance of type 316 clad metals

Austenitic claddings of type 316 were obtained by SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) and SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) processes, using type 316 L electrodes on low carbon boiler steel (SA 515 Gr 60) with type 309 L as a barrier layer deposited by the SAW process. Welding heat input was changed in order to obtain different ferrite contents in the cladding. The clad samples were post-weld heat treated at 650°C for 50 and 200 h. The top layer of the cladding was removed and the specimens were then subjected to intergranular corrosion tests (ASTM A-262-75, practices A, B, C and E, viz. 10% oxalic acid electrolytic etch; ferric sulfate ?50% sulfuric acid; 65% nitric acid and copper-copper sulfate ?16% sulfuric acid tests) and controlled potential etching test. The study indicated that the ferrite content of the cladding decreases with increasing current. Ferrite transformed after PWHT (post weld heat treatment) was relatively more in claddings obtained with low heat input and containing high ferrite content in the as-clad condition. PWHT led to brittle fracture of high ferrite claddings (above 10 FN). The corrosion attack of ferrite was found to depend on environment. 65% nitric acid attacked ferrite preferentially, whereas in acid-ferric sulfate, ferrite was intact and austenite was attacked. No sample exhibited susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in the as-clad or PWHT conditions in the copper-copper sulfate ?16% acid test. However, PWHT specimens with low ferrite contents (3.55 FN) exhibited grain boundary precipitation at the interface of two adjacent layers. In general, ferrite was found to be beneficial in controlling corrosion rates of clad metals after PWHT. Heat input, within the range studied, did not affect the corrosion rates significantly.     

Korrosionsbeständigkeit metallischer Werkstoffe in mittelkonzentrierter heißer Schwefelsäure

Corrosion resistance of metallic materials in medium concentrated hot sulfuric acid For the newly developed chromium-base material Alloy 33 (German material No. 1.4591) the corrosion rate has been gravimetrically determined in non aerated high purity grade sulfuric acid in the concentration range from 15 to 80 mass-% at temperatures from 50 to 90°C. This way critical limits of corrosion resistance behaviour under very unfavourable conditions of exposure result. An erratic increase of the corrosion rate by a few orders of magnitude takes place with increasing temperature according to the transition from the passive into the active state. This transition into the active state is shifted towards lower temperatures with increasing concentrations of sulfuric acid. Alloy 33 (1.4591) in the passive state possesses clear advantages against the reference materials for use in sulfuric acid: Alloy 825 (2.4858) and Alloy 20 (2.4660). Polarization measurements in agitated oxygen containing and deaerated sulfuric acid solutions show a higher tendency for passivation and a more stable passive state in comparision with the reference materials. The presence of small amounts of oxidants such as ferric sulfate, nitric acid or potassium dichromate results in a widening of the range of corrosion resistance of Alloy 33 in the studied temperature-concentration field. In addition the minimum concentrations of oxidants necessary for this behaviour have been determined by investigation of the measured corrosion rates of Alloy 33 (1.4591). Polarization tests as well as potential measurements of rest potential and redox potential serve to further explain the mode of operation of these oxidants.     

水中硫化物对Cu合金、碳钢的加速腐蚀作用及硫化物的去除研究

用失重法、表面分析法研究了水中硫化物对HSn70-1 As、B30、20^#钢的腐蚀行为，认为水中硫化物对HSn70-1 As、B30、20^#钢有加速腐蚀作用，HSn70-1 As发生的是脱Zn腐蚀，20^#钢发生的是均匀腐蚀；通过实验室小型除S^2-试验，探讨了工业硫酸亚铁和工业聚合硫酸铁的除S^2-原理和除S^2-效果，得到了实验室用工业硫酸亚铁和工业聚合硫酸铁除S^2-的最佳加药量。动态模拟除S^2-试验结果表明，工业硫酸亚铁除S^2-效果好、速度快。     

水中硫化物对Cu合金、碳钢的加速腐蚀作用及硫化物的去除研究

用失重法、表面分析法研究了水中硫化物对HSn70-1+As、B30、20#钢的腐蚀行为，认为水中硫化物对HSn70-1+As、B30、20#钢有加速腐蚀作用，HSn70-1+As发生的是脱Zn腐蚀，20#钢发生的是均匀腐蚀；通过实验室小型除S2-试验，探讨了工业硫酸亚铁和工业聚合硫酸铁的除S2-原理和除S2-效果，得到了实验室用工业硫酸亚铁和工业聚合硫酸铁除S2-的最佳加药量.动态模拟除S2-试验结果表明，工业硫酸亚铁除S2-效果好、速度快.     

Preparation of boric acid from low-grade ascharite and recovery of magnesium sulfate

Boric acid and kieserite were prepared from low-grade ascharite by sulfuric acid method. This method results in the recovery of 71.06% and 45.03% for boric acid and kieserite, respectively. Meanwhile, the boric acid was precipitated from the filtrate at low temperature and the solution was recycled without discharging waste liquid in the whole process. The influence of amount of sulfuric acid, mass fraction of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature and reaction time on the leaching rate of boric acid were studied. The results show that the leaching rate of boric acid reaches 93.80% under the following conditions: the amount of sulfuric acid is 85% of theoretical dosage; the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 25%; reaction temperature is 95 ℃; and the reaction time is 100 min. Meanwhile, the effects of mass fraction of magnesium sulfate, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the crystallization of kieserite were investigated and the optimal crystallization conditions are obtained: the mass fraction of magnesium sulfate is 28%; the crystallization temperature is 180 ℃ and the crystallization time is 4 h.     

Recovery of valuable metals from zinc leaching residue by sulfate roasting and water leaching

Zinc leaching residue (ZLR), produced from traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process, is not only a hazardous waste but also a potential valuable solid. The combination of sulfate roasting and water leaching was employed to recover the valuable metals from ZLR. The ZLR was initially roasted with ferric sulfate at 640 °C for 1 h with ferric sulfate/zinc ferrite mole ratio of 1.2. In this process, the valuable metals were efficiently transformed into water soluble sulfate, while iron remains as ferric oxide. Thereafter, water leaching was conducted to extract the valuable metals sulfate for recovery. The recovery rates of zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium and iron were 92.4%, 93.3%, 99.3%, 91.4% and 1.1%, respectively. A leaching toxicity test for ZLR was performed after water leaching. The results indicated that the final residue was effectively detoxified and all of the heavy metal leaching concentrations were under the allowable limit.     

铟的还原浸出动力学及分步沉淀选择性分离（英文）

开展硫化锌精矿还原浸出高铁锌浸出渣高效浸铟及浸出液中铟选择性分离的研究。结果表明：在固体物料粒度74～105μm、反应温度90℃、浸出时间300 min、硫酸浓度1.4 mol/L的条件下,铟的浸出率达95%以上。采用收缩核模型对还原浸出动力学进行分析,不同条件下的浸出实验结果表明反应受穿过固体产物层的扩散控制,活化能为17.96 k J/mol,相对于硫酸浓度的反应级数为2.41。铁粉置换沉铜过程铜和砷的沉淀率均达99%以上。98%以上的铟从含高亚铁离子浓度的硫酸锌溶液中选择性分离,获得铟含量约为2.4%的富铟渣,经酸浸-萃取-电积工艺流程进一步处理后可得到纯铟。     

Solvent extraction of vanadium from sulfuric acid solution

The behaviour of vanadium(V) extracted from sulfuric acid solution was investigated using Cyanex 923 as an cxtractant. The effects of the concentration of Cyanex 923 and the pH of the solution were studied. The extraction of vanadium(V) increases with the increase of Cyanex 923 concentration and shaking time. Cyanex 923 can extract vanadium(V) fi'om sulfuric acid solution at low pH conditions, and the best pH conditions for exuaction of vanadium(V) are at pH 1.0-2.0. The species extracted into the organic phase is VO2HSO4 with one molecule of Cyanex 923. Equilibrium studies were used to assess the extraction efficiency of vanadium(V) recovery from the sulfuric acid solution.     

Selective extraction of zinc from sulfate leach solution of zinc ore

1　INTRODUCTIONSolventextractionwasregardedasahighlyeffi cienttechniqueofseparationandpurification .Ithasbeenwidelyappliedinmetalextractionandrecoveryduringhydrometallurgicalprocessandenvironmentalprotection[14 ] .Solventextractionhasbeencommer ciallyusedintheextractionofuranium ,rarenoblemetals ,copper ,cobaltandnickel,whichwastypical lypresentedbythetechniqueofleach solventextrac tion electrowinning .Presently ,thecopperproductionfromsolventextractionhasbeenaccountedformorethan 2 0 %oft…     

Corrosion properties of Fe-24Cr stainless alloy modified by plasma immersion ion implantation in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution

Ruthenium (Ru) and mixed Ru-Ti ions were implanted respectively into ferritic Fe-24Cr alloy using the plasma immersion ion implantation (PI³) technique. Potentiodynamic and potential-time response measurements were used to characterize the corrosion behavior of Fe-24Cr alloy exposed to a deaerated sulfuric acid solution. The results showed that the ferritic alloy does not passivate in dilute sulfuric acid. However, plasma-implanted Ru ions can induce spontaneous passivation of the alloy exposed to a sulfuric acid solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that Ru is incorporated as Ru⁴⁺ species in the hydrated chromium oxyhydroxide passive film formed on the Ru-implanted Fe-24Cr alloy.     

双镀层对A3钢在硫酸溶液中腐蚀速率的影响

尝试在A3钢表面施镀镍 铅双镀层,以提高其在硫酸溶液中的耐蚀性能.利用腐蚀失重方法分别测定了镀铅层与镀镍 铅双镀层的A3钢在硫酸中的腐蚀速率,并借助扫描电镜对双镀层的形态进行了观察与分析.试验表明:施镀镍 铅双镀层能明显提高A3钢的耐蚀性能.认为:镍层遮盖了A3钢表面,使阳极电位提高,腐蚀驱动力减小;铅在硫酸中析氢超电压大,且容易生成致密的硫酸铅膜,这些因素是材料耐蚀性得到明显提高的重要原因.     

Leaching isomorphism rare earths from phosphorite ore by sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid

Most of the phosphorite deposits in the world contain isomorphism rare earths(RE) which are considerably difficult to be leached into solution in the wet phosphoric acid process. In this work, a systematic study of leaching RE using sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, mixed acid and two-step leaching of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid was performed. The aims are to illuminate the main factors that inhibit RE leaching and to provide insights into the further enrichment of RE in the wet phosphoric acid solution. The results indicate that H_2SO_4 is not an effective acid for leaching isomorphism RE from phosphorite ore.The low RE leaching efficiency attributes to the RE cocrystallized and encapsulated by phosphogypsum(PG) as well as the precipitation of RE by RE sulfates or phosphates. High concentration of H_3PO_4 can enhance the dissolution and diffusion of RE ions. Hence, the optimized leaching mode of improving RE leaching efficiency is to adequately dissolve phosphorite ores in high concentration of H_3PO_4 solution and then add H_2SO_4 to crystallize PG.The effect of co-crystallization or encapsulation of PG on RE can be decreased due to the crystallizing mode of PG in the bulk solution instead of on the interface of solid reactants. RE leaching efficiency can be high up to 65% by the optimized leaching mode.     

A3钢在硫酸溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为特征

研究了氏钢在硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率,并利用电化学测试仪对氏钢腐蚀过程的电化学特征进行了研究。实验结果表明：随着硫酸浓度的增大以及在硫酸溶液中浸泡时间的延长,氏钢的腐蚀失重速率逐渐变小;极化曲线测试与腐蚀失重试验结果相吻合;阻抗曲线研究发现,在浓度较高的30％酸液中表面双电层或腐蚀产物膜的电容值较大,反映此时试样表面较容易发生钝化;扫描电镜观察表明：经硫酸溶液腐蚀后,在氏钢样品表面产生了许多腐蚀产物,能谱分析证实主要产物为Fe2O3化合物。     

硫酸铵焙烧法浸出镍磁黄铁矿中有价金属

将镍磁黄铁矿与(NH4)2SO4混合后在高温下焙烧,考察(NH4)2SO4用量、浸出温度、浸出时间和稀硫酸浸出液的pH值对焙烧产物中金属元素浸出率的影响,并在氨水-(NH4)2SO4混合溶液中浸出焙烧产物。结果表明:在不同情况下,Ni和Cu的浸出率较高,Mg和Fe的浸出率较低;氨性溶液有利于Ni和Cu的浸出,总氨浓度为7 mol/L时,Ni和Cu的浸出率分别为89.56%和79.35%;低pH值的稀硫酸溶液有利于Mg和Fe的浸出,pH值为0.5时,Mg和Fe的浸出率分别为61.39%和62.56%。由扫描电镜-能谱分析和XRD分析可知,矿样中Ni和Cu大部分被浸出;由于焙烧产物中部分Mg和Fe以铁酸钙和硅酸镁等形态存在,Mg和Fe的浸出率较低。     

Complexation extraction of scheelite and transformation behaviour of tungsten-containing phase using H2SO4 solution with H2C2O4 as complexing agent

The extraction of tungsten from scheelite was carried out using a sulfuric acid solution with oxalic acid as the chelating agent. Tungsten was obtained in the form of highly soluble hydrogen aqua oxalato tungstate (H₂[WO₃(C₂O₄)·H₂O]) during the leaching process, while calcium remained in the residue as calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O). About 99.2% of the tungsten was leached at 70 °C, 1.5 mol/L sulfuric acid, 1 mol/L oxalic acid, a liquid/solid ratio of 25:1 (mL/g), an oxalic acid to sulfuric acid molar ratio of 1:1, a stirring speed of 300 r/min and a leaching time of 2 h. H₂[WO₃(C₂O₄)·H₂O] was thermally decomposed into tungstic acid (H₂WO₄), and tungsten trioxide (WO₃) was directly produced by calcining H₂WO₄ at 700 °C for 2 h. The surface chemical reaction was determined to be the controlling step during tungsten leaching, and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 51.43 kJ/mol.     

磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测量方法研究了磁场对铜在含三价铁离子硫酸溶液中自腐蚀以及阴极极化行为的作用,磁场不影响该体系的自腐蚀状态。磁场加速铜电极上三价铁离子的阴极扩散过程,随磁场强度增大,阴极极限扩散电流密度增大;磁场强度恒定时,磁场对三价铁离子阴极扩散的作用系数随三价铁离子浓度增加而增大;引起极限扩散电流密度明显增加的临界磁场强度随三价铁离子浓度增加而减小。由于铜与铁在含有三价铁离子的水溶液中的热力学稳定性不同,不同的自腐蚀电位下阴极反应的控制步骤类型不同而导致磁场作用不同。     

湿法炼锌净化渣酸浸的动力学

对湿法炼锌净化渣的浸出动力学进行了研究,并探讨了硫酸浓度、反应温度、粒度等对钴、锌浸出率的影响规律。从动力学的角度分析了整个浸出过程,得到优化条件：液固比50：1(mL/g),硫酸浓度100 g/L,反应温度70°C,粒度75~80μm,反应时间20 min。在此优化条件下钴的浸出率为99.8%,锌的浸出率为91.97%。结果表明：在硫酸体系中钴的浸出符合不生成固体产物层的“未反应收缩核”模型。通过 Arrhenius 经验公式求得钴和锌表观反应活化能分别为11.693 kJ/mol和6.6894 kJ/mol,这表明浸出过程受边界层扩散控制。