工艺因素对钛酸铝溶胶-凝胶转变过程的影响

以硝酸铝和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,用冰醋酸为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备钛酸铝超细粉,系统研究了溶胶体系中冰醋酸用量、乙醇用量、pH值、水解温度等因素对溶胶-凝胶转变过程的影响,并探讨了其影响机理。同时,还对凝胶陈化时间对粉体性能的影响规律进行了讨论。研究表明,制备稳定溶胶的最佳工艺参数是:冰醋酸与钛酸丁酯的摩尔比以及乙醇与硝酸铝摩尔比分别为2.3∶1和22∶1、pH值为2、水解温度为30℃;凝胶陈化时间以36h为宜。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备工作于3MHz频率的MnZn功率铁氧体

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备MnZn功率铁氧体粉体,讨论了pH值对溶胶-凝胶转变的影响.粉体经850℃预烧,1200℃低温烧结制备出能工作于3MHz的高频MnZn功率铁氧体.     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米铜

以硝酸铜、柠檬酸和氨水为原料,利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备含铜凝胶,在氮气气氛下将干凝胶煅烧得到纳米铜粉,探讨成胶反应温度、原料配比、pH等因素对制备过程的影响,确定最低煅烧温度;采用热重-差热分析和红外光谱分析对柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米铜粉的过程进行分析,利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对实验产物进行结构、形貌表征。结果表明,将柠檬酸与硝酸铜的物质的量比控制为1∶2时溶解混合,调节pH为7,在80℃下制成凝胶,在100℃下干燥后,250℃下煅烧0.5 h,可制得粒径为70⁹0 nm的球型铜粉;推断干凝胶的结构主要为柠檬酸根与铜离子以双齿配位,以及部分为桥式配位。     

溶胶-凝胶自蔓延法制备球形纳米铜粉

以硝酸铜、柠檬酸为原料,利用氨水调节pH制备溶胶,将溶胶蒸发干燥得到的干凝胶通过自蔓延法制得金属铜纳米粉体,研究pH在制备溶胶-凝胶过程中对成胶时间的影响,以及pH、自蔓延温度对产物组成的影响;通过差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别对凝胶的热分解机制、产物的物相组成以及形貌和粒度进行分析。结果表明,当pH=6～7时,形成的凝胶均一,凝胶时间最短(4 h);当自蔓延反应温度为250℃时,可以制得粒径为50～70 nm的球形纳米铜颗粒。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备钇掺杂氧化锆的工艺研究

论述了用溶胶-凝胶法制备钇掺杂的氧化锆前驱体的过程,系统地研究草酸溶液的浓度、pH值、加热温度以及添加方式对溶胶、凝胶的影响,得出制备氧化锆前驱体的最佳工艺条件:当氧氯化锆溶液与草酸溶液的浓度比为1.25～2,草酸溶液pH值为1～2,加热温度为40～80℃,制得的前驱体溶胶、凝胶均匀,透明.正加方式得到的溶胶淡蓝色透明,较反加方式下的溶胶的胶凝时间短.并对最佳工艺条件制备的粉体进行SEM分析,结果表明,很好地合成了钇掺杂的纳米氧化锆粉体.     

SiO_2气凝胶的合成与孔结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制备了SiO2气凝胶,系统地考察了醇硅比、水硅比、体系pH值等制备条件对SiO2气凝胶胶凝时间、孔径分布及孔型结构的影响.结果表明,水硅比对气凝胶的孔径分布和孔型具有较大的影响;水用量增加.胶凝时间延长,气凝胶的孔径分布逐渐变窄,孔型趋于一致.乙醇不参与溶胶-凝胶反应,只对TEOS有助溶和稀释的作用,因此乙醇用量增加,溶胶的胶凝时间延长,但对体系反应的影响相对较小,不会引起气凝胶孔结构的剧烈改变.在较小pH值或弱碱性范围内,pH值对孔形结构的影响也比较小,体系pH值增大,胶凝时间缩短,制得的气凝胶孔径分布较窄,孔型均一.当pH值大于8.5后,不利于气凝胶网络结构的形成和均匀分布,胶凝时间随pH值的增大而延长,制备的气凝胶孔径和孔型分布都比较大.     

不同条件锰锌铁氧体纳米晶形成机理及物性研究

硝酸盐-柠檬酸溶胶凝胶低温燃烧合成获得锰锌铁氧体(MZF)纳米晶.采用TG-DTA、XRD、VSM对前驱体凝胶燃烧过程及产物磁性能进行表征.结果表明,凝胶pH值不同,反应自燃燃点温度也不同,约变化12℃.气氛对于280℃前凝胶热分解过程没有影响,但在280℃后对物相形成有较大影响.pH值调节剂种类对凝胶燃烧进程,反应剧烈程度及磁性能有很大影响,且可以通过调节剂的种类得到不同粒径的纳米晶锰锌铁氧体粉体.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法合成超细粉体

溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法兼顾了溶胶-凝胶法与自燃烧法的优点,是一种很有应用前景的制备复合氧化物纳米材料的低温合成方法.介绍了柠檬酸盐凝胶自燃烧法的基本原理、反应配比的理论计算,分析了pH值、加水量、柠檬酸/硝酸盐、反应温度等因素对柠檬酸溶胶、凝胶的影响.综述了溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法在制备材料中的应用现状.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米近红外高反射率黑色陶瓷颜料

以硝酸铁、硝酸铬、柠檬酸、乙二醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米近红外高反射率黑色陶瓷颜料,探讨了Fe/Cr摩尔比、水解温度、溶液pH值、金属离子浓度、煅烧温度等因素对溶胶-凝胶过程及样品性能的影响。结果表明,在Fe/Cr摩尔比为0.50,水解温度70℃,溶液pH值=3～4,金属离子浓度为2.5～3.5mol/L,煅烧温度为900℃时,制备的颜料主晶相为Cr1.3Fe0.7O3,平均颗粒尺寸为50～150nm,在700～2500nm波段内的平均反射率为77.58%。     

酚醛-糠醛基炭气凝胶的合成和表征

用低软化点线性酚醛树脂和糠醛为原料以正丙醇为溶剂在盐酸催化下经溶液-溶胶-凝胶过程合成了醇凝胶，将其在石油醚（30℃-60℃）中，超临界条件250℃，7MPa下干燥1h获得酚醛-糠醛比的增加，炭气凝胶的大孔和中孔孔容分别减小，大孔孔容变化幅度较大，微孔孔容很小。TEM图片表明：炭气凝胶的纳米骨架随酚醛-糠醛比的增加而增大。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to