Energy and Power Engineering,Environmental Engineering,and Mining Engineering Building dynamic thermal simulation of low-order multi-dimensional heat transfer简

Multi-dimensional heat transfers modeling is crucial for building simulations of insulated buildings, which are widely used and have multi-dimensional heat transfers characteristics. For this work, state-model-reduction techniques were used to develop a reduced low-order model of multi-dimensional heat transfers. With hot box experiment of hollow block wall, heat flow relative errors between experiment and low-order model predication were less than 8% and the largest errors were less than 3%. Also, frequency responses of five typical walls, each with different thermal masses or insulation modes, the low-order model and the complete model showed that the low-order model results agree very well in the lower excitation frequency band with deviations appearing only at high frequency. Furthermore, low-order model was used on intersection thermal bridge of a floor slab and exterior wall. Results show that errors between the two models are very small. This low-order model could be coupled with most existing simulation software for different thermal mass envelope analyses to make up for differences between the multi-dimensional and one-dimensional models, simultaneously simplifying simulation calculations.     

机器人避障模型简

研究了机器人在存在12个不同形状、不同大小障碍物的平面区域内避障的最短路径及最短时间路径问题.结合图论中的Dijsktra算法,获得了机器人避障的最佳路线;并对最佳路线进行了平滑处理,分别建立了问题一、二的非线性规划优化模型;利用Maple软件和Lingo软件编程,求出了最短路径、最短时间路径及切点的坐标.     

Shadow detection combining characters of human vision简

A shadow detection method using pulse couple neural network inspired by the characters of human visual system is proposed.More precisely,lateral inhibition of human vision and coefficient of variation are combined together to improve the pulse couple neural network.Shadow detection is considered to be a shadow region segmentation problem.Experiment shows that the presented method is consistent with human vision compared to shadow detection methods based on HSV and pulse couple neural network（PCNN） by both subjective and objective assessments.     

Effects of various fillers on sintering,microstructures and properties of Ca-Ba-Al-B-Si-O glass/ceramic composites简

Low-temperature sintering and properties of LTCC （low temperature co-fired ceramics） materials based on CaO-BaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass and various fillers such as Al2O3, silica glass, christobalite, AlN, ZrO2, MgO-SiO2, TiO2 were investigated. The results show that densification, crystallization, microstructures and dielectric properties of the composites are found to strongly depend on the type of filler. The densification process of glass/ceramic composites with various fillers is mainly from 600 ℃ to 925 ℃, and the initial compacting temperature of samples is 600 ℃. The initial rapid densification of samples starts at its glass softening temperature. LTCC compositions containing Al2O3, silica glass, AlN and MgO-SiO2 fillers start to have the crystallization peaks at 890, 903, 869 and 844 ℃, respectively. The crystallization peaks are believed as correlated to the crystallization of CaAl2SiO8, β-SiO2, Ca2Al2SiO7 and β-SiO2. The composite ceramic with Al2O3, silica glass and TiO2 ceramic have a better dense structure and better smooth fracture surface. Sample for Al2O3 has the lowest dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.00091, whereas the sample for MgO.SiO, has the highest dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.02576. The sample for TiO2 has the highest dielectric constant value of 14.46, whereas the sample for AIN has the lowest dielectric constant value of 4.61.     

Mathematical model of slotting manufacture and simulation for cosine gears简

A slotting method for cosine gears was proposed by using the involute cutter based on the conjugate theories of digital surface and gear meshing. The slotting model between the cosine tooth surface represented by discrete points and the cutter figuration determined by analytic function was built for their geometrical relationship and conjugate motion during the machining process. Conjugate points in the cutter section corresponding to the discrete points on the cosine gear tooth surface and the conjugate movements were solved. By using the flexible control of the CNC procedure, the active control of the cutting trace of the slotting cutter was accomplished and the envelop forming of the cosine gear was obtained. Based on the software C＋＋ and Matlab, the computer aided manufacturing （C;AM） system of the cosine gear was developed, and the simulation of the slotting process was accomplished. Several examples were provided to illustrate the approach. The result of the simulation demonstrates that the proposed slotting method is feasible.     

Effects of bending on heat transfer performance of axial micro-grooved heat pipe

Heat pipe is always bent in the typical application of electronic heat dissipation at high heat flux, which greatly affects its heat transfer performance. The capillary limit of heat transport in the bent micro-grooved heat pipes was analyzed in the vapor pressure drop, the liquid pressure drop and the interaction of the vapor with wick fluid. The bent heat pipes were fabricated and tested from the bending angle, the bending position and the bending radius. The results show that temperature difference and thermal resistance increase while the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe decreases, with the increase of the bending angles and the bending position closer to the vapor section. However, the effects of bending radius can be ignored. The result agrees well with the predicted equations.     

Sintering technology for micro heat pipe with sintered wick

In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP’s heat transfer capabilities were first analyzed, then copper powders with different cell sizes and dispersions were sintered in RXL-12-11 resistance furnace under the protection of the hydrogen at different sintering temperatures for different durations of sintering time, and finally the sintered wicks’ scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and their heat transfer capabilities were analyzed. The results indicate that the wick sintered with copper powders of larger cell size or smaller size range has better sintering properties and larger heat transfer capabilities; and that the increase of either sintering temperatures or sintering time also helps to improve the wick’s sintering properties and heat transfer capabilities, and the former affects more obviously than the latter. Considering both its manufacturing cost and performance requirements, it is recommended that copper powders with the size range of 140–170 μm are sintered at 900–950°C for 30–60 min in practical manufacturing. In addition, two approaches to improve wick’s porosity are also proposed through theoretical analysis, which suggests that the larger the wick’s porosity, the better the heat transfer capabilities of the MHP.     

Application of high temperature heat pipe in hypersonic vehicles thermal protection

In order to develop further the application of high temperature heat pipe in hypersonic vehicles thermal protection,the principles and characteristics of high temperature heat pipe used in hypersonic vehicles thermal protection were introduced.The methods of numerical simulation,theory analysis and experiment research were utilized to analyze the frozen start-up and steady state characteristic of the heat pipe as well as the machining improvement for fabricating irregularly shaped heat pipe which is suitabl...     

丝网热管换热性能的实验研究

为研究纳米流体工质的丝网热管的换热性能,制作了简单的丝网热管传热性能测试装置.实验采用SiO2纳米流体为工质,对在不同的充液率、浓度、热管倾角以及不同纳米颗粒粒径情况下丝网热管的热阻进行了研究.研究表明:丝网热管在充液率为60%、质量分数为1%、倾角为30°以及纳米粒径为30 nm时,换热性能处于最佳.研究结果为SiO2纳米流体工质在热管散热器中的运用提供理论依据.     

Capillary force of a novel skew-grooved wick structure for micro heat pipes

In order to improve the capillary force of grooved wick, a novel skew-grooved wick structure was proposed for micro heat pipes. Risen meniscus experiments were carried out to research the capillary force of the skew-grooved and rectangle-grooved wick and a comparison of capillarity between the two wick structures was explored. A theoretical capillary force model of skew-grooved wick structure was also developed to calculate its effective capillary radius by comparing with the rectangle-grooved wick. From the experimental results, the maximum capillary force of the skewed-grooved wick is 8.62% larger than that of the rectangle-grooved wick. From the theoretical analysis, because the skewed-grooved wick has a smaller effective capillary radius, its maximum capillary force is 8.64% larger than that of the rectangle-grooved wick. The results indicate that the skew-grooved wick provides larger capillary force than the rectangle-grooved wick.     

Thermal performance of heat pipe with different micro-groove structures

Four kinds of micro heat pipe of trapezoidal groove wick structure with different numbers of grooves or aspect ratios were studied and compared about thermal transfer performances in order to optimize the manufacture of micro heat pipe with groove wick structure. The results show that these micro heat pipes have excellent performance in heat transfer; the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient is two orders of magnitude compared with that of copper; the number and aspect ratio of grooves have a prominent effect on the performance of such thermal transfer. The optimum number of grooves is lower than 60 and the best aspect ratio is near to 1.5. The temperature and thermal transport rate are almost directly proportional relationship, but this relationship will be broken up suddenly when the critical heat flux is reached.     

热管中冷器的传热与阻力特性

为了研究重力热管在车辆中冷器上的应用可行性,设计用于冷却高温增压空气的热管中冷器.选用水作为工作介质,在风洞实验台架上进行热管中冷器的传热和阻力性能实验.测试热管中冷器在不同冷侧空气流速、冷﹑热侧空气进口温差、热侧空气流量下的散热量和压力降,比较并分析测试结果.结果表明,热管中冷器具有良好的散热性能,在一定范围内可以满足高增压内燃机的散热要求.将实验结果与理论模型计算值进行比较,结果表明,实验值与理论计算值变化趋势吻合较好．     

X射线管热管的研制与工作特性

X射线管的散热问题一直是制约X射线探伤机连续工作时间的一个重要因素。将热管技术应用于X射线管阳极的散热之中是制作X射线管的一次技术更新与大胆尝试，同时热管在X射线管中的成功应用，必将引发X射线技术在探伤技术上的革新。     

水管冷却等效热传导方程中混凝土初温的研究

针对进行水管冷却的混凝土浇筑仓温度场仿真计算时,水管冷却等效热传导方程中的混凝土初温的计算存在不同的算法,采用水管冷却精细有限元法和水管冷却等效热传导法,对含冷却水管的混凝土棱柱体进行温度场对比分析,研究了水管冷却等效热传导法中混凝土初始温度的计算方法.分析认为水管冷却等效热传导方程中的混凝土初温应是含冷却水管的混凝土棱柱体在通水开始时刻的混凝土平均温度,该平均温度可由混凝土棱柱体单元高斯点温度与高斯点所占体积的乘积除于混凝土棱柱体单元体积获得.     

Function chain neural network prediction on heat transfer performance of oscillating heat pipe based on grey relational analysis

As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a looped copper-water OHP and charging ratio,inner diameter,inclination angel,heat input,number of turns,and the main influencing factors were defined.Then,forecasting model was obtained by using main influencing factors (such as charging ratio,interior diameter,and inclination angel) as the inputs ...