荧光分析法监测水中矿物油污染的研究

本研究了己烷萃取后荧光分析系统。该系统包括高灵敏度、操作简便的智能化仪器和无二次污染的试剂。标准油溶液代表性好,稳定性好。该系统可解决各具体单位和大面积网络的水中矿物油污染的监测问题。目前,已为某汽车制造厂提供了水中矿物油污染的监测方法,显示出良好的发展前景。     

用于环氧树脂固化过程实时监测的光纤折射率传感器

研究了应用光纤传感技术对环氧树脂固化过程进行实时监测的方法。通过将一段光纤的包层去掉构成光纤折射率传感器, 利用环氧树脂在固化过程中折射率随固化度增大而增大的特性进行固化监测。应用光线追迹法和局部平面波理论导出光纤固化传感器的理论模型。通过在光纤传感区一端的光纤端面镀全反射膜形成探针型传感结构。对E51 环氧树脂的等温固化过程进行了实时监测实验。      

水中石油类污染物的光纤荧光在线测量技术研究

根据水中石油类污染物质的光谱特性,采用荧光光谱技术,结合光纤传感技术和CCD探测技术,研制了一种可用于现场测量水中石油类污染物质的荧光光谱测量仪器。鉴于现场环境的特殊性,设计了水中自动取样预处理系统,可以实现真正意义上的实时分析,方便了现场操作。通过现场实验和性能测试,证实了其可行性,可以对水中石油类污染物质进行现场测量,从而进行污染物质的定性识别与定量分析,为水中污染物质监测提供了新的技术手段。     

光纤光栅和分布式光纤传感器监测系统研究对比分析及在管廊工程中应用建议

本文介绍了当前国内应用最广泛的结构监测系统,对光纤光栅和分布式光纤传感器监测系统研究对比分析,并给出了光纤光栅传感监测系统在管廊工程中应用建议。     

一种简易测试光纤光栅应变测量系统的方法

针对光纤光栅应变测量系统应用测试问题,基于悬臂等强度梁应变实验,对比理论计算、光纤光栅应变传感器及电阻应变片的三种应变测量方法,得出光纤光栅应变测量系统具有较好的可靠性和准确性。以国外可靠光纤光栅应变测量系统为参照,提出了简易测量光纤光栅应变传感器和光纤光栅传感分析仪性能的方法。针对准分布式监测问题,主要分析了光分路器对光纤光栅传感应变测量的影响。上述分析为光纤光栅应变测量系统在工程中的应用提供充分依据。     

FBG智能传感器及其在土木工程中的应用研究

光纤光栅传感器已经越来越得到土木工程界的认可,并应用到了实际工程.针对大型土木工程结构长期健康监测的变形监测需要,在光纤光栅传输理论的基础上,分析了光纤光栅应变与温度传感特性以及光纤光栅应变传感的温度补偿原理和方法;研制开发出满足工程应用的光纤光栅封装传感器、FRP-OFBG复合智能筋、光纤光栅智能拉索;此外,考虑传感器开发和工程应用的需要,研究了光纤光栅应变传感的界面传递机理和误差修正.最后,建立了光纤光栅智能监测系统,并成功地将光纤光栅传感器应用到实际桥梁结构的施工与运营监测.     

预应力混凝土梁腐蚀断丝水下监测试验研究

采用人工通电加速腐蚀的方法模拟混凝土梁内预应力钢筋的自然断裂过程从而获得真实的断丝声发射信号,应用高频声发射传感器和分布式光纤监测系统从水下采集预应力钢筋断裂时产生的声信号,分析信号的时频域特征和时域统计特征参数,结果表明：断丝信号的超声波段在水中传播时发生频散,应采用20 kHz以下的时域统计特征识别断丝信号;铠装光缆可以接收到在水中传播的断丝信号,其在时频图上表现为一条竖直的条带,并且能量主要集中分布于100～200 Hz。采用时域统计特征参数分析光纤监测信号时,需要设定较小的门槛值截取信号进行分析;对于光纤水声监测工况来说,峰值指标的信噪比较低,裕度和峭度指标更适合于用来识别断丝信号。该研究为开发预应力混凝土结构断丝水下声光纤监测系统奠定了基础。     

大型结构应变场光纤分布监测系统

研究了一种用于大型工程结构应变、变形状态监测的基于光时域反射技术的分布式光纤应变传感系统。设计了一种新型的光纤微弯传感器结构,用于对沿传感光纤分布各测量点的应变信息进行提取;在此新结构的基础上,了全光纤型应变传感器串行阵列,以对构件应变测量和安全监测为主要目标,建立了起了分布光纤应变实时监测系统,进行了系统实验了得到了良好的结构。     

光纤智能结构自诊断、自修复的研究

监测与修复是光纤智能结构系统研究的难点之一。本文的系统中,包括研究空心光纤及其性能、复合材料损伤、断裂的监测以及利用注胶方法来进行复合材料的自修复等。本文简述心光纤的传光机理,对自诊断、自修复系统的总体方案做了具体的研究和分析,并通过实验论证了该方案的可行性。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备基于荧光猝灭原理的光纤氧传感器在线监测水中溶解氧

利用氧分子对金属钌化合物的荧光具有猝灭作用的特性,构造出基于荧光猝灭原理的光纤氧传感器。就用于水中溶解氧在线监测的光纤光谱仪的搭建、传感器探头的设制及传感膜的制作过程进行探索,并对传感器的响应性能进行考察。结果表明以联吡啶钌等作为荧光指示剂以溶胶-凝胶法制备的传感膜对溶解氧的响应具有良好的可逆性,稳定性,较快的响应时间和较长的使用寿命。与标准法相对照,用本仪器系统测定了不同盐度的人工海水中的溶解氧浓度,两种方法在不同浓度水平下的溶解氧测定值均无显著性差异。本法的日内和日间RSD在1.7％～5.0％之间。     

Optical Fiber Water Droplet Sensor Using Absorption of Fluorescence of Tm(3 +):YAG

A two-dimensional noncontact optical fiber water droplet sensorthat uses the fluorescence from a laser-diode-pumpedTm(3+):YAG and that uses a single fiber bundle for the probefiber has been constructed. The sensor is based on absorptionspectroscopy but has the significant advantage that the residual pumplight works for the reference signal. The water depth can beevaluated from the minimum intensity ratio between the fluorescencesignal and the reference signal when the probe is scanned inplane. The sensor can also estimate both the size and the positionof a water droplet. A high degree of discrimination of a waterdroplet from other perturbations such as oil and surface irregularitieshas been demonstrated. An approximate calculation in ahemispherical model of a water droplet was carried out and is shown tobe in good agreement with experimental results.     

Oil spill fluorosensing lidar for inclined onshore or shipboard operation

An oil spill detection fluorosensing lidar for onshore or shipboard operation is described. Some difficulties for its operation arise from the inclined path of rays. This is due to the increased reflection of the laser beam at the air-water interface, the decreased fluorescence signal, and the increased background light when compared with other instruments having a close-to-nadir measuring geometry. The analysis of these problems shows that they significantly reduce the detection distance in the presence of a flat water surface. However, waves on the water surface weaken the influence of the laser beam reflections but at the same time cause a variable fluorescence signal, which makes specific signal processing necessary for increased detection ranges. A fluorescence data processing method is proposed that efficiently eliminates the background water column fluorescence from signals such as yellow substance. This enables oil fluorescence to be distinguished from variable natural water fluorescence.     

Fiber-optic laser-induced fluorescence probe for the detection of environmental pollutants

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy in combination with fiber optics is shown to be a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative diagnostics of environmental pollutants in water and soil. Timeintegrated data accumulation of the LIF signals in early and late time windows with respect to the excitation pulse simplifies the method so that it becomes attractive for practical applications. Results from field measurements are reported, as oil contaminations under a gas station and in an industrial sewer system are investigated. A KrF-excimer laser and a hydrogen Raman shifter can be applied for multiwavelength excitation. This allows a discrimination between benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in the samples under investigation. For a rough theoretical approach, a computer simulation is developed to describe the experimental results.     

残留农药的光学检测技术和去噪处理

根据残留农药受到紫外光激发能够发出荧光的机理,研究了一种用于测量残留农药浓度的荧光光纤测量系统.该系统采用脉冲氙灯作为激发光源,光纤探测并传输荧光,电荷耦合器(CCD)作为荧光检测系统的光电转换器件.由于荧光是微弱信号,系统采用微弱信号处理电路对CCD输出信号进行了处理,并且采用相关双采样技术有效地抑制了CCD输出噪声的干扰.用该系统对吡虫啉溶液进行荧光分析,实现了对吡虫啉的快速测定,在5～100μg/L范围内,荧光强度和浓度基本呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9959.     

光纤干涉测距系统及其定位信号处理

提出一种将目标定位过程和测量过程分开的绝对距离测量系统。系统引入光纤干涉方法提高了其柔性和抗干扰性能,并利用已精确标定的光纤组实现了量程的倍增,扩大了系统的测量范围。文中论述了系统的基本原理和数字化定位信号处理系统,并给出了相应的实验结果。     

基于小波能谱和小波信息熵的管道异常振动事件识别方法

提出了基于小波能谱和小波信息熵的油气管道异常振动事件识别方法。基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪原理的分布式光纤油气管道安全监测系统实时检测管道沿途振动信号,对测量的时间序列进行小波变换,根据小波系数计算小波能谱与小波信息熵,通过小波能谱和小波信息熵值两种测度识别不同的管道安全异常事件。港枣线成品油管道的现场实验结果表明,该方法可以快速有效地识别管道周围发生的泄漏及其他异常情况,其总体识别准确率达到98.5%,有效降低了误报警率,具有较强的在线工况识别能力。     

Thickness determination of a water film on dye-doped ice by fluorescence spectroscopy

A new method for measuring the thickness of a micrometer-thin water film on ice is presented. The method is based on confocal detection of fluorescence light, emitted by a special coumarin dye dissolved in ice as well as in water. The spectral position of the fluorescence maximum depends strongly on the matrix surrounding the dye molecules. Thus the analysis of the spectra obtained while the focal position perpendicular to the liquid-ice interface is scanned provides the possibility of measuring the thickness of the water film with the vertical resolution of the confocal system. We demonstrate this principle by a model system.     

Nondestructive measurement of an optical fiber refractive-index profile by a transmitted-light differential interference contact microscope

A novel transmitted-light differential interference contrast (DIC) system is used for nondestructive measurement of the refractive-index profile (RIP) of an optical fiber. By means of this system the phase of a measured light beam can be modulated with an analyzer, and the phase distribution of a fiber is obtained by calculation of the various interference patterns. The measurement theory and structure and some typical applications of this system are demonstrated. The results of measuring RIPs in graded-index fiber are presented. Both the experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the system takes the advantage of high index resolution and of sufficient measurement accuracy for measuring the refractive index of the optical fiber. The system has strong ability to overcome environmental disturbance because of its common-path design. Moreover, one can use the system to measure the RIP along the fiber axis and acquire an image of the three-dimensional RIP of the fiber.     

复合材料热压成型过程用光纤压力测试技术

针对复合材料热压过程的工艺特性,建立了光纤微弯传感压力测试系统,并对系统在复合材料成型过程的适用性进行了评价。结果发现,该系统适合应用于温度小于120℃、压力范围0.005~0.5 MPa的测试环境,具有较好的重复性和稳定性;光纤在调制器中的排布密度、测试环境温度及光纤微弯形变回弹对输出光功率有一定的影响。在以上研究基础上拟合并验证了测试系统载荷-光功率方程。