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《材料开发与应用》2004,19(5):28-28
我国载人航天发射成功后 ,航天器的材料制造引起业内高度兴趣。飞船在重返大气层时 ,由于同空气剧烈摩擦 ,表面温度将上升到 2 0 0 0~ 30 0 0℃。如此高温如隔热系统状态不佳 ,极易造成机毁人亡。 2 0 0 3年 2月 1日 ,美国航天飞机“哥伦比亚”号在返回途中分崩离析 ,导致 7名宇航员全部遇难 ,就是由于航天飞机在发射升空时 ,1块从外置油箱上脱落的 1.2 1kg重的隔热泡沫 ,以 80 0km的时速在飞机左翼前端撞出一个破洞 ,使其在返回大气层时被 30 0 0℃的高温气体将左翼烧化 ,最终导致在空中爆炸解体。因此 ,耐热材料的研究 ,成为航天材料研究… 相似文献
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氢气作为未来能源的载体前景十分广阔,随着氢气的广泛应用,高压氢气的泄漏事故的产生将不可避免。本文基于FLUENT软件的物质传输与反应模块建立了输氢管道、储氢罐泄漏扩散的模型,提出了研究氢气泄漏扩散的数值模拟方法。通过模拟求解得出了氢气含量在模拟区域的分布等结果。对结果进行分析,得到了氢气泄漏后的扩散特性。研究结论可以为处理高压氢气泄漏提供一定参考。 相似文献
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运用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对某厂生产厂房内纳米粉体泄漏扩散进行模拟,分析大气风速、射流方向对粉体泄漏的扩散浓度和危险性区域的影响。结果表明:大气主导风速对气体扩散浓度和危险性区域影响较大,射流方向和风速一致时,vx=-3 m/s比在vx=-1 m/s条件下危险性区域扩大4 m,分析得出vx=-2 m/s时,扩散区域在x=28~35 m,y=25~28 m,z=1~4 m内。采用三维激光多普勒测速技术,对生产现场100∶1缩微模型进行速度场测量,并将测量结果与数值模拟结果进行对比。结果表明:两者颗粒速度基本吻合,说明采用计算流体动力学技术对生产现场纳米粉体泄漏扩散行为的模拟是可行的。 相似文献
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在开人航天器总体设计时,提供最佳的人工控制,是确保系统安全可靠笥的重要技术途径。这对长期飞行而言,尤为如此。根据国内外相关献,章阐述了载人航天器系统中人工控制工效学的研究概况,如一般原则、主要方向和研究内容等。在此基础上,探讨了其未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
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采用CFD数值模拟方法对有柔性膜片的膜式燃气表内部流动进行数值模拟研究,解决了皮膜和旋转阀之间的联动关系以及旋转阀转动与皮膜运动的仿真实现等技术问题;运用滑移网格、动网格及用户自定义函数(UDF)技术实现了膜式燃气表内部流动的动态数值模拟,获得了旋转阀与阀座存在1mm间隙的情况下膜式燃气表内部流场和仪表压损数据.结果表明,数值模拟技术用于膜式燃气表这种复杂结构的内部流动研究是可行的. 相似文献
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R. Destefanis F. Schfer M. Lambert M. Faraud 《International Journal of Impact Engineering》2006,33(1-12):219-230
A research program was funded by the European space agency (ESA) to improve and optimize the shields used to protect the manned elements of the international space station (ISS) against impacts of micro-meteoroids and orbital debris. After a review of existing shielding systems and after a series of light gas gun (LGG) experiments to screen interesting new materials and configurations, the research focused on shields with a metallic outer bumper, an intermediate stuffing and an inner metallic wall (representing the pressure shell of a manned spacecraft). Additional LGG experiments were performed on several configurations, with bumpers containing aluminum foam or made from titanium and aluminum super-alloys and with several combinations of stuffing materials. The comparison of the test results showed that ceramic cloth (Nextel) plus aramid fabric (both 2D and 2.5D Kevlar weaving) used as intermediate bumper gave a good protection compared to the overall area density requested. Configurations with by-layered aluminum foam bumpers (sandwich panels with asymmetric Al face sheets and a core made from Al foam) and Kevlar stuffing showed excellent resistance to normal impacts at about 6.5 km/s. However, the influence of material properties varying from batch to batch and threshold phenomena made ranking among the tested options rather difficult. The test campaign showed that it was rather difficult to improve over the already good ballistic performances of the debris shields developed by Alenia Spazio for the ISS manned elements. The by-layered Al-foam bumper and Kevlar stuffing configuration was selected for additional tests, including low velocity and oblique impacts, to develop ballistic limit curves. 相似文献
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It is very important for a manned environmental control system (ECS) to be able to reconfigure its operation strategy in emergency conditions. In this article, a multi-objective optimization is established to design the optimal emergency strategy for an ECS in an insufficient power supply condition. The maximum ECS lifetime and the minimum power consumption are chosen as the optimization objectives. Some adjustable key variables are chosen as the optimization variables, which finally represent the reconfigured emergency strategy. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is adopted to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Optimization processes are conducted at four different carbon dioxide partial pressure control levels. The study results show that the Pareto-optimal frontiers obtained from this multi-objective optimization can represent the relationship between the lifetime and the power consumption of the ECS. Hence, the preferred emergency operation strategy can be recommended for situations when there is suddenly insufficient power. 相似文献
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弹丸超高速撞击半无限厚铝板数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
微流星体及空间碎片的超高速撞击威胁着长寿命、大尺寸航天器的安全运行,导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效.撞击损伤特性研究是航天器防护设计的一个重要问题.本文采用AUTODYN软件的Lagrange法对半无限铝板的超高速斜撞击和与其具有相同法向速度的正撞击进行了模拟,给出了不同撞击角和不同法向速度下半无限厚铝板弹坑深度、宽度、长度的变化规律及多弹坑的形成过程,并与经验方程进行了比较分析.结果发现:随撞击角的增加,弹坑的深度和宽度减小,而弹坑的长度增加;随撞击速度的增加弹坑的直径和深度增加;在撞击角大于70度时出现多弹坑. 相似文献
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采用数值模拟的方法,基于压力波和活塞位移波的简谐变化规律,对自由活塞式斯特林制冷机压缩活塞与气缸的间隙密封内氦气建立数值模型,模拟了间隙内氦气在不同工况下的层流流动。结果显示在一个周期内,流过间隙密封的气体体积净流量为0,质量净流量不为0,净流量方向从压缩腔流向背压腔,会造成活塞在工作中向压缩腔偏移。分析结果显示压力波和间隙宽度对泄漏量的影响较大,随充气压力、压比以及间隙的增大,泄漏量增加;活塞运动对其影响较小,当活塞位移波与压力波的相位差小于90°时,相位差增大,泄漏量增加,活塞频率增大,泄漏量增加。 相似文献
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为了分析半穿甲战斗部击穿舰舷防护结构后,在舱室内部爆炸产生的毁伤效应,运用非线性动力学有限元软件ANSYS/LSDYNA对舱室内爆毁伤过程进行了数值模拟。根据仿真结果,详细分析舱室内爆毁伤全过程,并研究舱壁厚度、炸药质量及炸点位置对舱室内爆毁伤效应的影响。结果表明:各舱壁之间的焊接处最容易发生失效破坏,且各舱壁的毁伤模式均有显著差异;随着舱壁厚度的增加、炸药质量的减小,舱室由整体分解与局部破口的复合毁伤模式,向焊缝撕裂破坏毁伤模式转变;当炸点位置不同时,舱室毁伤模式有显著区别,炸点位置不在舱室中心时,舱室出现花瓣撕裂毁伤模式。可为舰船防护以及导弹炸点位置的确定提供参考。 相似文献