基于微观建模法的焊接接头低周疲劳寿命预测研究

提出一种微观尺度的有限元模型,模拟了焊接接头的变形和短裂纹的萌生寿命。该模型考虑了焊接接头晶粒取向的不同和焊缝不同区域力学性能的差异。塑性应变能被作为疲劳损伤参量,结合疲劳寿命的能量准则来预测疲劳裂纹的萌生寿命。通过分析钛合金电子束焊的实验数据对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,在恒幅载荷作用下,焊接接头裂纹萌生于焊缝区多个晶界交汇或者较大且轮廓有畸变的晶粒内;微裂纹主要以Ⅰ型裂纹扩展;该微观有限元模型结合疲劳寿命预测的能量法在微观尺度上能够较好地完成焊缝疲劳性能的表征和疲劳寿命的估算。     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头疲劳性能EI北大核心CSCD

对0.5 mm厚Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头进行疲劳试验,结合应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口形貌,研究母材及焊接接头的疲劳性能,分析母材和焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:0.5 mm Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接接头和母材的S-N曲线斜率基本相同,焊接接头疲劳性能和母材的基本相当;母材疲劳断口疲劳裂纹起源于试样侧表面,主要沿宽度方向扩展,随着应力的减小,疲劳源数目减少,疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;焊接接头在母材和焊缝处随机断裂,焊接接头母材区断口形貌和母材断口形貌基本一致,而焊接接头焊缝区断口的疲劳裂纹起源于侧表面棱角处和焊缝表面,焊缝表面是主要疲劳源,裂纹主要沿厚度方向进行扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展区呈现出准解理断裂特征。     

Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头疲劳性能

对0.5 mm厚Hastelloy C-276薄板激光焊接接头进行疲劳试验,结合应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口形貌,研究母材及焊接接头的疲劳性能,分析母材和焊接接头的疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:0.5 mm Hastelloy C-276薄板焊接接头和母材的S-N曲线斜率基本相同,焊接接头疲劳性能和母材的基本相当;母材疲劳断口疲劳裂纹起源于试样侧表面,主要沿宽度方向扩展,随着应力的减小,疲劳源数目减少,疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小;焊接接头在母材和焊缝处随机断裂,焊接接头母材区断口形貌和母材断口形貌基本一致,而焊接接头焊缝区断口的疲劳裂纹起源于侧表面棱角处和焊缝表面,焊缝表面是主要疲劳源,裂纹主要沿厚度方向进行扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展区呈现出准解理断裂特征。     

X80大应变钢管焊接接头的疲劳性能

采用MTS landmark 370型液压伺服动静疲劳拉伸试验机研究了应力比(R=σmin/σmax)为0.1时X80大应变管线钢焊接接头的拉拉疲劳寿命;并采用显微硬度计和扫描电镜对焊接接头的硬度及疲劳断口进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的疲劳寿命显著低于母材;疲劳裂纹均萌生在焊缝熔合线处;裂纹沿热影响区向内扩展,当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,裂纹沿热影响区快速开裂。焊缝金属咬边所形成的夹杂物、焊缝的应力集中及热影响区性能恶化是疲劳裂纹萌生及快速扩展的原因。     

X80大应变钢管焊接接头的疲劳性能北大核心CSCD

采用MTS landmark 370型液压伺服动静疲劳拉伸试验机研究了应力比(R=σmin/σmax)为0.1时X80大应变管线钢焊接接头的拉拉疲劳寿命;并采用显微硬度计和扫描电镜对焊接接头的硬度及疲劳断口进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头的疲劳寿命显著低于母材;疲劳裂纹均萌生在焊缝熔合线处;裂纹沿热影响区向内扩展,当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,裂纹沿热影响区快速开裂。焊缝金属咬边所形成的夹杂物、焊缝的应力集中及热影响区性能恶化是疲劳裂纹萌生及快速扩展的原因。     

提高中型驱动后桥壳焊接接头疲劳寿命的方法

针对某中型驱动后桥壳总成发生垂直弯曲疲劳断裂的问题,分析了该中型驱动后桥壳总成在垂直弯曲交变载荷作用下Y型焊缝疲劳断裂的特征及原因。提出三种提高桥壳焊接疲劳寿命的方法:(1)变更设计方案,将三角板焊缝内移12.5 mm;(2)焊缝接头开坡口;(3)采用大熔深MAG焊恒熔深新工艺焊接Y型焊缝。通过上述方法保证了焊缝熔深以避免后桥壳总成Y型焊缝疲劳裂纹的产生,提高其疲劳寿命。     

TC4钛合金微束等离子弧焊接接头疲劳性能研究

运用微束等离子弧焊接方法对TC4钛合金薄板进行堆焊,通过测试母材及焊接接头在振动载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率发现,焊接接头的抗裂纹扩展能力比母材强。观察并分析母材及焊接接头的金相组织及疲劳断口可知,焊缝区的网篮组织中存在许多细长α′针状马氏体,会阻碍裂纹的扩展,提高焊缝抗裂纹扩展能力;热影响区组织中的α′针状马氏体比焊缝区数量更多,形态更加短小,是其拥有比焊缝区更好的抗裂纹扩展性能的原因。     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的不均匀特性

以A7N01铝合金焊接接头为分析对象,通过金相试验、显微硬度试验、拉伸试验和缺口疲劳试验分析了焊接接头微区的不均匀性．结果表明,A7N01铝合金焊接接头母材、焊缝、热影响区内的组织和硬度差别较大,焊缝硬度最低约为HV75,母材焊缝最高约为HVI10,热影响区内硬度变化较大．母材的屈服强度和抗拉强度高于焊缝和热影响区．而热影响区的断后伸长率最高．三个区域内疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小,裂纹萌生寿命与总寿命之比近似为常数,疲劳总寿命差别明显,母材的疲劳总寿命最长,焊缝疲劳总寿命最短．     

TC17钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展规律及疲劳剩余寿命

首先通过试验取得母材及焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,然后结合TC17钛合金电子束焊接接头CTOD试验结果及裂纹容限计算值,以估算其疲劳剩余寿命.结果表明:在低应力水平或低△K下,TC17电子束焊缝的da/dN数据与母材的基本相当;然而随着应力水平的增加,焊缝的da/dN值越来越大.在初始裂纹尺寸相同的情况下,TC17合金电子束焊缝与母材疲劳裂纹扩展寿命曲线存在交叉点.当应力幅大于交叉点应力幅时,TC17母材疲劳裂纹扩展到临界裂纹尺寸的剩余寿命要高于相应焊缝的剩余寿命;当应力幅小于交叉点应力幅时,TC17母材扩展到临界裂纹尺寸的剩余寿命要低于相应焊缝的剩余寿命.     

Fatigue life prediction using two stage model for AISI 304L cruciform joints,with different fillet geometry,failing at toe

Abstract

Reports in the literature indicate that the fillet geometry affects the fatigue properties of cruciform welded joints in structural steels. In an attempt to study the above effect with respect to stainless steel sheet metal welded joints, load carrying transverse fillet welded cruciform joints having a two fillet geometry were fabricated from AISI 304L stainless steel using gas tungsten arc welding and gas metal arc welding with 308L electrodes. The objective of the present work is to predict the fatigue life of AISI 304L cruciform joints failing at the weld toe using a two stage model. The local stress life method was applied to calculate the fatigue crack initiation life, whereas the fatigue crack propagation life was estimated using fracture mechanics concepts. Constant amplitude fatigue tests with stress ratio R ~ 0 were carried out using a 100 kN servohydraulic Dartec universal testing machine at a frequency of 30 Hz. An automatic crack monitoring system based on crack propagation gauges was used to obtain the propagation data during the fatigue process. The predicted lives were compared with the experimental values.     

Influence of weld geometry and process on fatigue crack growth characteristics of AISI 304L cruciform joints containing lack of penetration defects

Abstract

The influence of weld geometry in conjunction with the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes on fatigue properties of AISI 304L load carrying transverse fillet welded cruciform joints, containing lack of penetration (LOP) defects, has been studied. The fatigue lives of the joints were evaluated using conventional S -N (stress - number of cycles to failure) and fracture mechanics methods. The fatigue lives were calculated according to the two stage approach in which both the fatigue crack initiation and the crack propagation phases were considered. Constant amplitude fatigue experiments with stress ratio R=0 were carried out using a 100 kN servohydraulic Dartec universal testing machine at a frequency of 30 Hz. An automatic crack monitoring system based on crack propagation gauges was used to obtain the crack initiation and propagation data during the fatigue process. The predicted life was compared with the experimental values. It was found that the fatigue lives of the joints fabricated via GTAW were longer than those of the corresponding GMAW joints. It was also observed that the fillet geometry plays a major role in determining the failure mode and life. Test results have been compared with the BS 5400 design curve.     

Prediction of fatigue crack propagation life in notched members under variable amplitude loading

One of the interesting phenomenon in the study of fatigue crack propagation under variable amplitude load cycling is the crack growth retardation that normally occurs due to the application of a periodic overload. Fatigue crack growth rate under simple variable amplitude loading sequence incorporating period overloads is studied using single edge notched specimens of AISI304 stainless steel. Load interaction effects due to single and multiple overload have been addressed. Substantial retardation of fatigue crack growth rate is observed due to the introduction of periodic tensile overloads. Estimates of fatigue life have been obtained employing Wheeler model (using Paris and modified Paris equations) and Elber’s model. Analytical predictions are compared with experimental results. Results of these analytical fatigue life predictions show good agreement with the experimental fatigue life data. Fatigue crack propagation rates also have been evaluated from the fractographic study of fatigue striations seen on the fracture surface. Good agreement was found between the experimentally observed crack growth rates and the fatigue crack growth rates determined by the fractographic studies.     

A fatigue-life prediction methodology for notched aluminum-magnesium alloy in gulf seawater environment

Local-strain and linear-elastic fracture-mechanics (LEFM) methodologies have been investigated for prediction of the corrosion-fatigue life of notched components of specially developed Al-2.5Mg alloys exposed to Arabian Gulf seawater environment. Corrosion-fatigue crack initiation life estimates were obtained using strain-life relationships; corrosion-fatigue crack propagation life estimates were obtained using LEFM relationships. The total corrosion-fatigue life was considered to be the sum of the crack initiation and crack propagation lives. Estimated corrosion-fatigue lives were compared with experimentally obtained corrosion-fatigue life data using center-notched specimens of three types of Al-2.5Mg alloys (containing different amounts of chromium) exposed to Arabian Gulf seawater environment. Two notch geometries, a circular notch (K _t= 2.42) and an elliptical notch (K _t= 4.2), were investigated. Good corrosion-fatigue life predictions can be obtained using local-strain and LEFM methodologies by determining the relevant material constants via a few simple fatigue tests on smooth specimens and a few crack-growth-rate tests in the environment at the frequency of interest.     

稀土氮碳硼共渗对45钢疲劳性能的影响

研究了稀土氮碳硼共渗对45钢疲劳性能的影响。结果表明，稀土氮碳硼共渗处理后，45钢疲劳寿命显著提高，裂纹形成延迟，裂纹扩展速度降低。表面出现残余压应力和表面硬度提高是稀土氮碳硼共渗处理改善45钢疲劳性能的主要原因。     

结合S-N曲线和断裂力学的焊接结构疲劳寿命分析

针对焊接结构的疲劳裂纹演化过程,将焊接结构的疲劳寿命定义为裂纹萌生寿命N_i和裂纹扩展寿命N_p之和,提出一种结合S-N曲线和断裂力学理论的疲劳寿命分析方法.采用等效结构应力法和99%下限主S-N曲线计算焊接结构的裂纹萌生寿命,并将这一阶段结束时的裂纹看作为半椭圆表面裂纹.采用Paris裂纹扩展模型和半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子ΔK计算裂纹扩展寿命N_p.参照某起重机走行梁的疲劳试验结果进行对比和验证研究.结果表明,等效结构应力可以较好地表征复杂焊接结构的裂纹萌生特性,结合S-N曲线和断裂力学的疲劳寿命计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性.     

Computer-aided experiment on arc welding

Fatigue properties of cast aluminium welded joints by friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding were investigated, comparing with that of the base plate. Fatigue crack propagation tests for the da/dN ? ΔK relation and bending fatigue tests for the S–N relation were carried out. Fatigue cracks in both FSW and MIG specimens were accelerated, when the fatigue crack tip reached the stir zone or the weld metal. This behaviour was discussed based on the crack closure induced by the crack surface roughness and the residual stress. In the S–N properties, the influence of specimen surface finishing on fatigue life was also examined. Fatigue lives of the FSW and MIG specimens in the ‘as weld’ condition were in the range of the largely scattered base plate fatigue lives, in spite of the different fatigue crack initiation sites in each specimen such as the porosity in the base plate, the tool mark bottom in the FSW and the weld toe in the MIG. The FSW specimens with the polished surface showed the particular improvement in fatigue strength for finite fatigue life.     

TiAl合金750℃下疲劳小裂纹行为研究

研究Ti-46Al-4Nb-1.8Cr-0.2Ta合金在高温下小裂纹的萌生和扩展行为。选用光滑板材试样在原位试验机上进行750 ℃、应力比R=0.1、频率为4 Hz的疲劳试验,并使用扫描电镜对裂纹微观形貌进行观察。结果表明:片层组织TiAl合金的疲劳裂纹最易在片层团界萌生,疲劳过程中伴随较大的微观塑性变形,并在片层团界及片层间萌生大量裂纹,疲劳裂纹扩展试样半圆形缺口根部与水平方向呈45°的应力集中区域最易萌生裂纹,主裂纹通过疲劳过程中产生的片层团界裂纹、片层间裂纹合并而成,并沿与载荷方向垂直的方向扩展。在疲劳裂纹扩展后期,裂纹为穿层扩展断裂。     

Einfluß von Prüffrequenz und Salzgehalt des Korrosionsmediums auf die Korrosionsermüdung von Stählen bei betriebsähnlichen Lastabläufen

Influence of test frequency and NaCl-concentration on the fatigue life of steels under a realistic load sequence Because of the size and fatigue life of offshore structures the corrosion fatigue behaviour of those structures cannot be determined under service conditions. Also for the relevant corrosion fatigue tests in the laboratory using welded joints a compromise has to be found to reduce testing time to an economic justifiable amount. This compromise may be a higher stress used in the test, a higher test frequency or a higher concentration of NaCl in the seawater. The influence of test frequency and NaCl concentration on the fatigue life of fillet welded V-shaped specimens made from Fe E 355 KT was determined in artifical seawater and under a realistic load sequence. The fatigue life was separated into the crack initiation phase and the crack propagation phase as well. Mean frequencies of 0.2 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 10 Hz did not affect the fatigue life of welded joints until crack initiation, while low test frequencies of 0.2 Hz and 1.0 Hz accelerated the crack propagation. Higher NaCl-concentration of the seawater, however, had no effect on the fatigue life in both phases.