轴系轮廓重构信号的CEEMDAN—小波阈值去噪方法

针对轴系回转过程中动不平衡引起的位移误差信号含噪问题,提出自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)—小波阈值去噪的轴系轮廓重构模型。采用CEEMDAN对位移信号进行分解得到各阶本证模态函数(IMF),采用相关性分析提取含噪的IMF分量,并对其进行小波阈值去噪,与经验模态分析EMD—小波阈值去噪方法进行比较,最后将提纯后的信号进行重构。模拟仿真表明,去噪后的信号不仅保持了原有信号的特征,并且有效去除了噪声。将去噪后的信号输入到重构轮廓模型进行试验,结果表明,去噪后分离的单个截面回转误差准确度提高了0.05μm,圆度误差准确度提高了0.0703μm。     

油液磨粒超声回波信号的双树复小波去噪研究

超声回波信号反映了润滑油中磨粒的大量信息。为了提取淹没在强噪声环境下的超声回波信号,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)的油液磨粒超声散射回波信号去噪新方法。利用双树复小波变换具有近似平移不变性和有效去噪等优点,首先对超声散射回波信号进行双树复小波分解,然后对分解得到的高频系数进行阈值处理,最后进行双树复小波重构。结果表明:分解层数为6层时,去噪后信号的信噪比更高、均方误差更小、相似系数更大、幅值最大偏差更小。双树复小波变换硬阈值去噪效果比传统小波去噪效果明显好。     

联合CEEMD及AFSA优化小波阈值的心音信号去噪研究

心音是诊断身体健康的重要生理信号，为有效降低心音信号的噪声，提出一种联合互补总体经验模态分解(CEEMD)及AFSA优化小波阈值去噪相结合的方法。即先将不同频率范围的心音信号通过CEEMD进行分解，然后选取高频部分的IMF分量使用人工鱼群(ArtificialFish-SwarmAlgorithm,AFSA)优化小波阈值算法进行去噪，最后将去噪后的信号与分解的低频IMF信号进行重构得到去噪后的心音信号。将联合CEEMD及AFSA优化小波阈值去噪算法与传统的CEEMD算法、小波阈值去噪算法进行仿真对比。实验结果表明，联合去噪算法在去除心音信号噪声方面效果最好。     

改进小波包多阈值去噪法及其工程应用

针对机械振动信号提取时面临的去噪问题,在小波包多阈值准则去噪法的基础上,提出一种改进的小波包多阈值准则综合去噪方法(改进FMC去噪法)。该方法首先采用探测插值法对机床原始振动信号进行预处理,剔除受外界干扰产生的突变噪声信号;再以小波包分析为基础,根据有用信号的最小频率确定最大分解层数,并按最小代价原理确定信号分解的最佳小波包基;最后采用小波包多阈值降噪准则对振动信号进行重构,得到去噪后的机床振动信号。针对含噪blocks信号、doppler信号及模拟的含噪振动信号进行的仿真实验结果表明,改进后的FMC去噪法去噪效果优于传统方法。将该方法应用于气囊修整机振动信号分析中,结果表明,改进FMC去噪法能够有效剔除振动信号各频段的噪声,提高信号特征的可分离性。     

CEEMDAN-小波阈值联合的球磨机筒体振动信号去噪方法研究

针对球磨机振动信号非线性、非平稳性特点及总体平均经验模态分解方法(CEEMDAN),舍弃高频分量降噪方法和小波阈值降噪方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于CEEMDAN-小波阈值联合的球磨机筒体振动信号去噪方法。首先运用CEEMDAN算法将信号分解成一系列IMF分量;其次采用连续均方误差准则确定含噪声较多的高频IMF分量;然后采用小波阈值去噪方法对含噪声较多的高频IMF分量进行去噪处理;最后将去噪后的IMF分量和去噪的IMF分量进行重构,从而得到去噪后的信号。通过对实测球磨机筒体振动信号进行去噪分析,结果表明本研究提出的联合去噪方法去噪后信号的信噪比更高、均方根误差更低,证明该方法具有更高的去噪精度。     

基于EMD的螺杆转子激光测量信号去噪算法研究

为去除螺杆转子激光测量信号中的噪声,提出一种EMD-β与改进小波阈值函数结合的去噪算法。首先利用经验模态分解(EMD)对螺杆转子的激光距离信号进行分解,用EMD-β寻找高频的固有模态函数(IMF),然后对高频的IMF进行改进小波阈值去噪,最后将去噪后的IMF和剩余的IMF进行信号重构得到去噪后的信号。经过仿真验证,此方法在激光距离信号的噪声去除中具有一定的使用价值。     

基于改进双树复小波的光谱去噪算法研究

为了消除可见光近红外光谱噪声,提高利用光谱曲线进行信息提取的精度,提出一种改进双树复小波变换(DTCWT)的后验估计及广义形态滤波的光谱去噪方法。首先对带噪信号进行双树复小波分解,将信号的高频部分和低频部分进行分离。然后分别采用最大后验(MAP)估计算法和广义形态学滤波(GMF)对高频系数和低频系数进行去噪处理。最后对去噪后的高频系数和低频系数进行DTCWT反变换,得到去噪光谱。对USGS光谱库中的植被光谱以及铁铝榴石光谱进行实验,结果表明该方法易于实现,去噪效果理想,是一种很好的可见光近红外光谱去噪方法。     

遗传算法VMD参数优化与小波阈值轴承振动信号去噪分析

针对轴承振动信号夹杂的噪声极大地影响有用信息的提取,提出了基于遗传算法的变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)与小波阈值去噪方法。该方法首先利用遗传算法选择合适的VMD参数,然后用VMD方法对含噪声的信号进行自适应分解,最后对分解的模态分别进行小波阈值处理后重构信号,得到去噪后的信号。对实际轴承信号的分析结果表明,该方法与常用的去噪方法相比,能够得到更高的信噪比和更低的均方差。     

小波降噪对汽车发动机噪声信号的处理方法研究

将以小波变换为理论基础的小波降噪技术应用于汽车发动机降噪,对含噪信号进行分解得到各层的小波系数并用阈值降噪法对其进行处理,去除噪声信号并对原信号进行重构。通过计算机仿真和结果分析对该方法进行验证,表明小波降噪技术在汽车发动机降噪中的可行性。     

OFDM水声通信系统语音信号的小波包消噪方法

在阐述和构造了正交频分复用(OFDM)水声通信系统的基础上,利用小波包分解与重构对OFDM水声通信系统进行语音信号消噪处理.小波包分解方法依据信号与噪声小波变换系数分布特性不同来进行,首先将语音信号分层,确定最佳小波包分解树,再进行阈值量化,完成小波包分解,并对所得阈值进行消噪处理,最后利用小波包逆变换重构传输信号.计算机仿真结果表明在OFDM水声通信系统中利用小波包分解方法对语音信号进行处理,可有效消噪,并可较为完整地保存有效信号.     

奇异值小波降噪法在柱塞泵振动信号处理中的应用

针对小波阈值和奇异值分解降噪法的不足,研究一种新的小波阈值函数。提出一种基于改进阈值的奇异值小波降噪方法,该方法利用奇异值分解技术,将噪声非均匀分布的信号正交分解为噪声分布相对均匀的分量,并对每个分量进行小波阈值降噪,重构降噪后的分量,得到降噪信号。仿真实例证明,该方法与小波软、硬阈值及改进阈值法相比,不仅提高信噪比,而且能够更好地消除高斯噪声。利用该方法对柱塞泵不同状态振动信号进行降噪,结果表明,该方法能有效抑制噪声,为柱塞泵振动信号预处理提供一种更为有效的方法。     

基于小波变换的客车车内振动噪声源识别

测定了不同工况下车内噪声信号和车架车身等处的振动信号，利用Daubechies小波函数对噪声信号和振动信号做小波变换，获取信号能量分布的特征向量和相关系数，确定两种信号相关程度，根据相关系数大小识别车内振动、噪声源，经过识别发现发动机为该车的主要振动噪声源。试验表明，该方法比传统的分析方法更为简单、有效。     

Enhancing nearfield acoustic holography using wavelet transform

When there are low signal to noise relationships or low coherences between measured pressure and a reference sensor, a pressure field measured and estimated by NAH (Nearfield Acoustic Holography) becomes noisy on the hologram and source planes. This paper proposes a method to obtain the high coherent de-noised pressure signals from low coherent noisy ones by combining a wavelet algorithm with NAH. The proposed method obtains the de-noised field from acoustic fields on a noise source plane reconstructed through backward propagation of NAH. Thus this method does not need high coherent pressure signals on the hologram surface while the conventional nearfield acoustic holography requires high-coherent signals. The proposed method was verified by numerical simulation using noisy signals, composed of original signals and imposed noises distributed on the hologram surface.     

基于IEWT和MCKD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对经验小波变换（Empirical wavelet transform,EWT）对强噪声环境中滚动轴承微弱故障诊断的不足,主要是傅里叶频谱分段不当的问题。提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积（Maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD）降噪与改进EWT相结合的滚动轴承早期故障识别方法。首先采用最大相关峭度解卷积算法以包络谱的相关峭度最大化为目标对原信号进行降噪处理、检测信号中的周期性冲击成分,然后根据信号Fourier频谱的包络极大值进行分段,通过分析各频段平方包络谱中明显的频率成分来诊断故障。新方法能有效降噪、增强信号中周期性冲击特征、降低单次偶然冲击的影响、抑制非冲击成分。通过对含外圈、内圈故障的滚动轴承进行试验分析,结果表明,相比于快速谱峭度图和小波包络分析方法,该方法提取出的特征更加明显,能有效实现滚动轴承早期微弱故障的识别。     

A hybrid fault diagnosis method based on second generation wavelet de-noising and local mean decomposition for rotating machinery

In order to extract fault features of large-scale power equipment from strong background noise, a hybrid fault diagnosis method based on the second generation wavelet de-noising (SGWD) and the local mean decomposition (LMD) is proposed in this paper. In this method, a de-noising algorithm of second generation wavelet transform (SGWT) using neighboring coefficients was employed as the pretreatment to remove noise in rotating machinery vibration signals by virtue of its good effect in enhancing the signal–noise ratio (SNR). Then, the LMD method is used to decompose the de-noised signals into several product functions (PFs). The PF corresponding to the faulty feature signal is selected according to the correlation coefficients criterion. Finally, the frequency spectrum is analyzed by applying the FFT to the selected PF. The proposed method is applied to analyze the vibration signals collected from an experimental gearbox and a real locomotive rolling bearing. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performances such as high SNR and fast convergence speed than the normal LMD method.     

基于小波相关滤波法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法研究

目前基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究已经很多,但是这些方法对于强噪声背景下的早期故障微弱信号特征提取效果并不理想。为此,提出了适用于强噪声背景的小波相关滤波滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络细化谱分析相结合:对被测信号进行小波相关滤波降噪处理,对降噪处理后的高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析。该方法在滚动轴承的早期故障诊断中的试验结果表明,该方法与直接小波系数包络谱诊断方法相比,较大地增强了对滚动轴承早期故障诊断的能力,在强噪声背景下有效地提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率。     

Application of Wavelet Analysis in Signal De-noising of Blast Shock Wave Overpressure

It's a problem to be solved how to de-noise the signal of blast shock wave overpressure.In the conventional methods,the high frequency of the signal is cut directly by some mathematics algorithms,such as Fourier Transform,but some of the useful signal will be cut together.We adopt a new method for the signal de-noising of shock wave overpressure by wavelet analysis.There are four steps in this method.Firstly,the original signal is de-cpmposed.Then the time-frequency features of the signal and noise are analyzed.Thirdly,the noise is separated from the signal by only cutting its frequency while the useful signal frequency is reserved as much as possible.Lastly,the useful signal with least loss of information is recovered by reconstruction process.To verify this method,a blast shock wave signal is de-noised with FFT to make a comparison.The results show that the signal de-noised by wavelet analysis approximates the ideal signal well.     

De-noising of diesel vibration signal using wavelet packet and singular value decomposition

The vibration signals of diesel include excess noise that must be eliminated before extraction of characteristic parameters. Firstly, the effects of vibration-signal de-noising among Fourier transform, wavelet decomposition and wavelet packet decomposition are compared. Secondly, singular value decomposition is applied to de-noising vibration signals. Finally, a new de-noise method integrated with wavelet packet and singular value is presented. In this method, vibration signals are decomposed by wavelet packet, and the wavelet packet coefficient is de-noised by singular value decomposition again. The results indicate that the new de-noising method is the best. The SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the vibration signals of a diesel cylinder lid is the highest. The diesel vibration waveforms of combustion and valve become clear and the extracted characteristic parameters become more precise. __________ Translated from Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 30(1) (in Chinese)     

基于正态反高斯模型的自适应小波消噪方法

提出一种基于正态反高斯分布模型局部逼近小波系数的降噪算法。该算法以db5小波作为振动信号的分解小波,对噪声信号进行分解。对于分解过程中包含大量噪声的小波系数,利用具有良好细节逼近性能的正态反高斯分布构造先验模型,在先验模型的基础上,运用贝叶斯最大后验概率估计从含噪的小波系数中估计出真实的小波系数。在后验估计的过程中,对于估计模型中的关键系数采用粒子群算法进行优化选取。利用估计的小波系数来重构信号,得到降噪后的信号。通过仿真实验和实际轴承的故障信号对该方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法具有较好的降噪效果,可以有效的消除信号的噪声。