液压电机叶片泵样机的噪声测量及分析

针对研制出的液压电机叶片泵样机,测量获得了液压电机叶片泵样机的噪声随输出压力变化的特性,并与同等功率液压电机油泵组的测量结果进行了对比。相比于电机油泵组,电机叶片泵样机的噪声降低约7dB,同时,试验也发现样机存在明显的气穴噪声问题,分析了原因并提出了相应的解决方法。     

带孔板离心泵的电机叶片泵样机效率分析

针对所研制的电机叶片泵样机,建立了样机性能测试系统。通过测量样机的输出流量、转速等性能参数,获得了样机的转速、效率随出口压力的变化特性。运用理论分析和数值计算对试验结果进行了分析,得出电机叶片泵样机的浸油负载和电机鼠笼转子电阻是影响样机效率的主要因素。优化鼠笼转子材料和结构,可显著提高电机叶片泵转速和效率,在最高工作压力22 MPa时,转速提高90 r/min,可达1472 r/min;效率提高2.4%,最大可达47%。对完善电机叶片泵基础理论,以及静音、高效液压电机泵的研制有重要的指导意义。     

降低液压系统噪声的措施

为减少工程机械液压系统噪声,必须对噪声源进行实际调查,掌握噪声源的频率大小及特性,并采取相应解决措施。本文通过论述液压系统结构改进以及对液压泵、液压阀等液压零部件产生的噪声分析,探讨降低液压系统噪声的有效途径。1.改进液压系统结构改进液压系统结构以降低噪声的方法有4种：一是选用低噪声液压元件代替高噪声液压元件。如用叶片泵     

水液压柱塞式电机泵的试验研究

该文介绍了一种新型海(淡)水液压斜盘式轴向柱塞电机泵的工作原理及样机制作,并对该样机泵进行了试验研究。试验表明:该样机泵运行平稳,噪声75dB,额定压力达12MPa,流量为7.5L/min,容积效率为84%。     

液压电机泵内置孑L板离心泵的流场解析与优化

基于离心泵的基本原理和集成化思想,提出了一种电动机、液压叶片泵和孔板离心泵三体合一的液压电机泵结构,其中孔板离心泵作为叶片泵的前置辅助泵,用以提高叶片泵的进口压力,保证主泵吸油充足,突现出液压电机泵的结构紧凑、低噪音、效率较高、无外泄漏等优点。应用流场解析技术,获得了孔板离心泵主要结构参数对其升压效果和效率的影响规律,并总结出孔板离心泵的设计原则。研究发现:当离心管倾角为45°、偏角在45°～60°时,孔板离心泵具有显著的升压效果,其消耗的功率占电机泵额定功率的0.41%,表明孔板离心泵的引入对整个电机泵的功率特性影响很小,孔板离心泵自身效率可达95%以上,而包含引油窗孔流道的孔板离心泵的整体效率为22%,孔板离心泵出口至主泵引油窗孔之间的涡流损失是造成孔板离心泵整体效率降低的主要原因。     

新型节能型汽车转向泵节能特性仿真研究

为了降低汽车液压动力转向系统中由于转向泵的输出流量高于实际需求的流量存在的较大能量损失,提出一种含有浮动块的新型容积式变量叶片泵。该泵应用在汽车转向助力泵等工况,可有效降低液压动力转向系统的能量损失,是一种较有应用前景的新型叶片泵。同时建立汽车液压助力转向系统的数学模型,对转向泵选择不同的参数进行输出流量仿真,并对仿真结果进行对比和分析节能效果,为样机的优化设计提供指导建议。     

低噪声叶片泵阻尼槽结构的优化设计

针对某型号叶片泵在注塑机伺服液压系统保压工况下存在噪声大、压力脉动大等问题,通过分析闭死容腔在过渡区压力建立过程,构建预升压微分方程,研究配流盘阻尼槽结构参数与预升压压力突变之间的参数化关系以及预升压压力突变与驱动转速、工作压力、油液粘度、阻尼槽结构参数之间的关系。同时运用正交试验法以降低压力突变为优化目标,对阻尼槽结构进行优化设计。试验数据显示,优化设计后保压工况下,叶片泵噪声下降约3.77d B,该研究为叶片泵低转速噪声降噪研究提供了理论依据。     

某液压油源节能降噪的改进设计与研究

该文论述了某液压油源进行节能降噪的改进设计和研究,通过对改进后油源的构成、工作原理、性能及设计计算的论述,以及与改进前油源的对比研究,认为在同样满足液压系统要求的压力和流量的前提下,可将油源电机功率降低,实现油源的节能;同时通过改进高低压力切换控制单元,可消除系统频繁的压力切换时产生的冲击和噪声,降低油源噪声。     

压缩机用永磁无刷直流电机的多物理场分析

为了降低电动涡旋压缩机的电机电磁噪声,对于有外套的弧形磁片式转子电机在中低频电磁噪声较为明显的情况,提出采用内置V型径向式转子电机,并对样机进行了多物理场联合仿真和实验测试.通过仿真分析得到了内置V型径向式转子电机在1000～6000 r/min的6个转速下的多物理场的振动等效辐射声功率瀑布图以及噪声的远场声压级瀑布图,并在噪声室通过汽车空调压缩机噪声测试运转台测试了样机的振动及噪声,将仿真的数据与实验数据进行对比,验证了基于ANSYS Workbench平台永磁无刷直流电机在多转速下的耦合场分析的准确性.     

双斜盘轴配流轴向柱塞式液压电机泵的实验研究

研制了一种双斜盘轴配流轴向柱塞式液压电机泵样机，并通过实验研究了样机所能达到的性能：理论排量7 mL/r、额定工作转速6000 r/min下公称压力20 MPa; 5000 r/min下最大工作压力30 MPa;液压泵部分的容积效率达到91%以上。测得液压电机泵总效率最高值到达61%,中等转速区间(2000～4500 r/min)和压力区间(10～30 MPa)范围内总效率在0.56～0.61。实验表明，此类型液压电机泵，转子黏性阻力损失和配流轴间隙处的泄漏损失是两大主要损失，温度对这两大损失分别有明显的减少和增加作用，通过改善散热条件、选取合适的配流副间隙和使用低黏度液压油，有望更进一步提高样机的总效率。结果表明：适度提高液压电机泵的工作转速和提高电机的电流密度可以显著提高液压电机泵的功率密度，但转速过高，会带来较大的黏性阻力损失；采用较低工作转速、偏细长型的转子，采用低黏度液压油和取合适的配流副间隙，并且改善散热条件等，都是提高轴配流液压电机泵总效率的有效方法。     

ZNR2.4罗茨机械增压器性能试验研究

建立了机械增压器性能测试试验台，对自主研发的ZNR2.4罗茨机械增压器的绝热效率、容积效率、轴功率消耗和噪声等进行了试验研究,得到了ZNR2.4罗茨机械增压器性能随转速和压比的变化规律。研究结果表明：绝热效率受压比影响较大，压比在1.3附近时绝热效率最高；容积效率随着转速的提高而不断提高，当转速在3 500 r/min以上时，容积效率高于70%；轴功率随转速的提高不断增大，最大为0.7 kW；噪声随转速提高而增大，但声压级均值小于85 dB(A)，最大值不超过95 dB(A)。研究结论为罗茨机械增压器的后续改进和优化提供试验参考。     

Experimental study of the influence of flow passage subtle variation on mixed-flow pump performance

In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.     

Robust controller design of the integrated direct drive volume control architecture for steering systems

Recently, much effort has been directed toward the large throttling loss and low efficiency of the valve control system widely applied in steering system of ships. This paper presents an Integrated Direct-Drive Volume Control (IDDVC) electro-hydraulic servo system with the advantages of high efficiency and energy conservation. Firstly, the simulation model of IDDVC is improved by software AMESim, including the nonlinear interaction of the motor-pump and the oil supply ignored by traditional transfer function model. Then, by establishing discrete state equations, a controller based on robust sliding control strategy has been designed to enhance the practicality and real-time performance. Finally, the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the controller are proved through the experiments which are conducted after constructing the IDDVC prototype.     

轴流风机叶片展向结构变化对性能影响的数值分析

基于电站风机裕量普遍较高的现象,本文以OB-84轴流风机为对象,采用Fluent模拟了叶顶切割和轮毂加粗后的风机性能,分析了2种改造方式对风机性能、内流特征及轴功率的影响。结果表明:体积流量qv≥33 m3/s时,叶轮改造后的全压和效率均随叶高减小而降低,但轮毂加粗后的风机性能优于叶顶切割情形;qv<33 m3/s时,2种改造方式均可使不稳定区变缓甚至消失;叶轮改造后动叶总压升系数小于原风机,但导叶扩压能力增强,且叶轮改造能改善中小流量下风机噪声特性;叶顶切割后,轴功率均小于原风机;在高于设计流量下,与原风机相比,轮毂加粗后的轴功率呈减小趋势,但叶顶切割方式的降幅更大。     

Development of speed reducer with planocentric involute gearing mechanism

A new speed reducer with the planocentric involute gearing mechanism, which can be replaced with a cycloid drive, is developed. This speed reducer eliminates some significant disadvantages of the cycloid drive, which are difficulty in not only designing and manufacturing the tooth profile but also meshing the gears to maintain an accurate center distance. In this paper, to avoid tooth tip interference between internal and external gears and maximize a speed reduction ratio, a pressure angle, a tooth height, a profile shifting factor and the number of teeth are simulated. We manufacture a prototype based on these simulated results of the design specifications (the rated power of 350watts, rated speed of 3600rpm and speed reduction ratio of 41:1), of which the overall size is Ф146mm×95.2mm. A power efficiency test of the prototype is carried out to compare with the cycloid drive.     

海洋平台油气混输泵轴端密封改进设计与试验研究

针对某海洋平台油气混输泵轴端机械密封在运行过程中存在的失效问题，分析其产生的原因，并对其结构进行改进设计。对改进后机械密封进行实验室台架性能试验，分析不同弹簧比压条件下密封性能随压力的变化和密封端面磨损状况，以及不同端面设计宽度下密封性能随压力和转速的变化。结果表明：减小弹簧比压能略微降低密封端面摩擦功率，但会增大泄漏风险；减小端面宽度能有效提升润滑不良条件下的端面密封性能。确定密封优选设计参数，并对密封样机进行100 h型式试验。试验结果表明，改进后密封端面摩擦功率基本稳定，波动较小，泄漏量满足标准指标要求，验证了该密封结构改进的合理性、优选设计参数的有效性和运行工况的适应性。     

Magnetostatic detection using magnetoresistive sensors with vertical motion flux modulation

Recently, the flux modulation has been presented to deal with the 1/f noise of magnetoresistive (MR) sensors. However, the efficiency of most flux modulation schemes with simple micro- electromechanical-system (MEMS) actuators is not satisfying yet. In this paper, the vertical motion flux modulation (VMFM) is proposed to improve the modulation efficiency. In VMFM, the soft magnetic film driven by a MEMS actuator vibrates vertically above the MR sensors with a pair of flux concentrators. Consequently, the detected magnetostatic field is modulated to the higher frequency where the 1/f noise is much lower. A VMFM prototype based on AA002 (multi-layered giant magnetoresistive sensors) was fabricated and its flux modulation efficiency can reach 18.7%, which exceeds most achieved efficiency with other schemes. Also, the magnetostatic detection ability is improved to 530 pT/√Hz.     

Effect of suction nozzle modification on the performance and aero-acoustic noise of a vacuum cleaner

The suction nozzle of a vacuum cleaner was modified to enhance the power performance and to reduce the airflow-induced acoustic noise. The suction power efficiencies of the vacuum cleaner were measured for various nozzles: (1) original nozzle, (2) original nozzle with modified trench height, (3) original nozzle with modified connecting chamber, and (4) a combination of (2) and (3). In addition, the suction pressure and sound pressure level around the suction nozzle were measured to validate the reduction of acoustic noise. The power efficiency and mean suction pressure increased when the trench height of the suction nozzle was increased. This was attributed to the suppression of the flow separation in the suction channel. Modification of the connecting chamber in the original nozzle, which had an abrupt contraction from a rectangular chamber into a circular pipe, into a smooth converging contraction substantially improved the suction flow into the connecting pipe. When both modifications were applied simultaneously, the resulting suction nozzle was more effective from the viewpoints of aerodynamic power increase and sound pressure level reduction.     

低噪声风力机叶片气动外形优化设计

针对目前兆瓦级风力机叶片噪声污染问题,基于动量叶素理论及叶片噪声计算模型,提出在给定工况条件下,以功率系数与噪声的最大比值为目标函数,以影响叶片气动噪声性能的弦长及扭角为设计变量,建立了低噪声风力机叶片优化设计数学模型。对某实际2.3MW风力机叶片进行优化设计,并与噪声实验数据对比,结果表明：在主要频率域范围内,叶片噪声预测值与实验数据较吻合;相比原叶片,新叶片具有更低的噪声特性,噪声声压级降低了约7.1%,同时风轮功率系数略有增大,从而验证了该设计方法的可行性。