基于卡尔曼滤波的多运动目标跟踪算法研究

针对多运动目标跟踪的实时性和鲁棒性问题,本文提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的多运动目标跟踪算法,该算法运用卡尔曼滤波预测目标的位置,并以目标的中心点坐标、面积和长宽比特征、一维HSV颜色直方图作为目标的特征对当前帧检测到的目标模板和预测区域内的目标进行匹配。实验证明,该算法可实时、稳定地跟踪复杂场景内的多运动目标,并能够解决目标遮挡问题。     

红外探测技术对多目标弹道参数的测量

在对多目标探测所用传感器的选择、目标提取和数据处理等三方面技术问题进行分析论证的基础上,提出了一种新的多、弱、小、暗目标近地弹道参数测量方法。采用红外热像仪合理布站,对运动的多个目标进行空间定位;采集多目标近地区域的下落图像,拟合出相应的轨迹,然后根据多条轨迹得到诸如目标空间坐标、轨迹、速度等弹道参数。这种方法可用于测量靶场落点和近地轨迹等;尤其是在对子母弹子弹群的近地弹道参数及落点的测量中,通过后期处理,可快速精确地报出各子弹的落点坐标。     

基于YOLOv3检测和特征点匹配的多目标跟踪算法

针对传统多目标跟踪算法中行人检测速度慢、易受光照变化、行人快速移动及部分遮挡因素的影响造成行人目标跟踪性能差等问题,提出一种根据经典的Tracking-by-Detection模式,采用深度学习YOLOv3算法检测行人目标,然后利用FAST角点检测算法与BRISK特征点描述算法对相邻帧间的行人目标进行特征点匹配,实现多...     

基于Hough变换和边缘灰度直方图的直线跟踪算法

提出一种基于目标轮廓直线的参数方程和边缘灰度直方图相结合的跟踪算法。首先,利用Hough变换得到待匹配直线的直线参数方程,同时建立该直线边缘的归一化灰度直方图,由此得到的初始模板包含了目标的空间位置和像素分布信息。然后,在后续帧中,利用梯度方向和参数方程对分割后的像素进行聚类,得到多条待匹配直线。最后,利用灰度直方图匹配算法获得直线边缘的精确位置。实验证明该算法对处于复杂背景下、存在局部短时遮挡的包含直线边缘的目标有很好的跟踪效果。     

一种改进的实时压缩跟踪算法

压缩跟踪算法作为一种新的算法,具有简单、高效、实时的优点,但该算法依然存在缺陷。首先,在复杂背景或有遮挡等情况下,容易较快的引进误差;其次,跟踪窗口保持不变,使得不能正确跟踪目标位置且不能准确更新正负样本;最后,搜索样本数目大,导致跟踪速度不理想。针对这些问题,利用前后帧跟踪点的直方图对比来判断遮挡的发生,并自适应的改变更新系数;采用在原算法最优匹配点周围小范围多尺度搜索更优位置的方法,来适应目标尺寸的变化;引入粗精跟踪策略,在不同阶段使用不同数量的子特征集进行匹配,以筛选样本、减少计算量。这些改进避免了算法缺陷导致的跟踪失败,提高了跟踪效率。实验证明,改进后的算法比原算法具有更好的鲁棒性且跟踪速度更快。     

一种动态模板匹配的卡尔曼滤波跟踪方法

在视频跟踪系统中,运动目标检测是实现跟踪的前提和难点.为了能够有效地检测出目标,提出了一种基于动态模板匹配和卡尔曼滤波的目标跟踪算法.首先将前两帧图像差分检测运动目标区域,提取特征点;然后利用卡尔曼滤波在搜索区域中找到与目标模型最匹配的候选目标位置并与当前帧目标模板进行匹配;最后将特征点流失率作为限定阈值,采用模板更新策略动态更新模板.跟踪实验表明,该算法具有很好的匹配精度与实时性,对目标姿态变化、大小变化、遮挡问题等有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种结合背景运动估计的目标运动预测方法

在复杂背景下的目标跟踪过程中,通常会遇到目标被遮挡的情况,此时依靠单一的跟踪算法无法解决上述问题.在静止背景下,利用目标的历史运动轨迹,可以解决短时间遮挡的问题,但在运动平台上,由于相机运动和目标运动同时存在,目标的运动轨迹无法利用,因此本文创新地引入了KLT稀疏光流场算法,对两帧之间的大量特征点进行跟踪匹配,通过随机采样一致性算法鲁棒地估计出两幅图像之间的变换参数,对由相机移动引起的背景运动进行补偿,转换为静止背景下的运动目标估计.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地解决目标遮挡问题,并成功应用到机载目标跟踪平台.     

一种灰度成像扩展目标跟踪方法

灰度图像色彩信息贫乏会导致易陷于局部相似,使跟踪点发生漂移。针对此问题,提出了基于目标成像空间域与特征域分布的改进直方图模式扩展目标跟踪算法。以基于像素位置和像素灰度值的直方图模式作为目标模式;相似度测量采用基于Bhattacharyya系数定义的距离;用均值偏移迭代进行匹配区域搜索;通过建立卡尔曼预测跟踪策略解决目标被遮挡时的跟踪问题。试验结果表明,采用该算法,跟踪点漂移由原来十几个像素的波动减少到仅偶有1个像素的抖动。     

光电经纬仪子母弹多子弹轨迹交会法

本文根据两站交会的空间特性,在改进跟踪流程的前提下,设计了一种解决多子弹匹配交会的新方法。该方法利用多帧轨迹交会,判断空间中的真实轨迹。避免了基于单帧匹配的传统方法造成的高匹配误差,从而提高了整个跟踪算法的精度。通过试验证明,该光电经纬仪子母弹多子弹轨迹交会法具有精确、稳定等优点。     

共面多目标交会方法及误差分析

针对多台弹道相机使用前方交会方法进行地面附近同时多炸点目标测量时出现大量假目标问题,本文提出剔除共面多目标交会产生的假目标方法和提高测量精度的偏最小二乘多元回归分析方法.该方法根据多台测量分站交会点共面差,剔除交会产生的假目标;将属于该目标的多个测量数据,采用偏最小二乘多元回归分析方法,求出目标点在大地坐标系的最佳估计值.实际数据结果表明,该方法有效地识别20个以上同时爆炸的共面目标,与两站交会方法相比,偏最小二乘方法减小测量误差6"以上.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from