V-MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成与催化性能

采用三乙醇胺络合物法制备了骨架中含钒量较高的V—MCM-41分子筛催化剂,利用X射线衍射（XRD）和紫外漫反射光谱（UV—vis DRS）等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了硅钒比、反应温度、体积空速、空气与甲苯比对V-MCM-41分子筛在甲苯气相选择性氧化制苯甲醛反应中催化性能的影响。结果表明,骨架中的钒是甲苯选择性氧化生成苯甲醛的活性中心,钒进入骨架中的量与硅钒物质的量比有关,当硅钒比为30时,进入骨架的钒最多,且在甲苯选择性氧化反应中对苯甲醛选择性最高。以硅钒比为30的V-MCM-41分子筛为催化剂,常压下甲苯氧化制苯甲醛较合适的反应工艺为体积空速800h^-1,空气与甲苯物质的量之比5,反应温度450℃。在此条件下,甲苯转化率为20．8％,苯甲醛选择性为41．8％,苯甲醛收率为8．7％。     

催化湿式氧化处理农药废水的研究

利用担载型双金属活性组分催化剂，考察了反应温度、压力、进料空速和V（空气）：V（H2O）（体积比）等反应条件对催化湿式氧化处理某农药废水效果的影响。对于该种废水，在4．2MPa，245℃，空速为2．0h^-1，V（空气）：V（H2O）＝300的反应条件下，废水的COD去除率可达到91．3％。经处理后废水的BOD5／COD＞0．5，说明其可生化性能良好。     

化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5沸石上的甲苯择形歧化反应:Ⅱ水蒸气处理与反应条件的影响

采用水蒸气对化学液相沉积硅改性HZSM 5催化剂进行了处理,考察了250~500℃时水热处理温度对催化剂在甲苯择形歧化反应中的催化活性和对二甲苯选择性的影响。实验结果表明,300~350℃时的水热处理效果较好,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性分别达到23.5%和96.5%。在高对位选择性的催化剂上,详细考察了反应温度、反应压力、氢气与甲苯进料比和甲苯进料速率对甲苯转化率、对二甲苯选择性和收率的影响。实验结果表明,高压、较低温度、低液相空速有利于提高对二甲苯的收率,在反应温度420℃、压力2.5 MPa、甲苯的质量空速为1.5 h-1、氢烃摩尔比为2~3的条件下,甲苯转化率为25.8%,选择性为94.1%,对二甲苯收率为10.5%。     

甲苯-甲醇生成对二甲苯催化剂的研究

研制了一种新型甲苯甲醇催化剂,使用甲苯、甲醇、水混合物为原料油,确定了反应适宜的操作条件,考察了温度、空速、原料油摩尔比对合成效果的影响.反应温度提高,甲苯转化率增加,对二甲苯选择性变化不大;反应空速提高,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性增加.原料油中甲苯/甲醇摩尔比增大,甲苯转化率下降,对二甲苯的产率谈少.     

Ce/ZSM-5气相催化氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛

采用浸渍法、离子交换法以及均匀沉淀法制备出金属活性组分改性的M/ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,气相催化氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛;同时采用XRD、FT-IR及N2-物理吸附等对其进行表征.结果表明:在反应温度为350℃,空速为2500h-1,n(空气)∶n(甲苯)=5∶1,催化剂为10％Ce/ZSM-5的反应条件下,苯甲醛的收率、转化率、选择性分别达到了5.0％、10.7％、46.8％.     

气相催化氧化法烟酸的绿色合成研究

以3-甲基吡啶为原料,用V2O5／TiO2系催化剂,采用气相氧化法一步合成烟酸。水与3-甲基吡啶分开进料,通入催化剂床层后混合进行反应。实验考察了V2O5／TiO2用量、助剂、反应温度、进水量及空速等因素对催化剂活性的影响。当V2O5负载量为25％,反应温度320～340℃,3-甲基吡啶空速0．15～O8h^-1,空气、水、3-甲基吡啶的进料摩尔比为110：100：1时,烟酸的产率达到90％以上。     

鼓泡塔一步法合成二甲醚工艺条件的研究

在反应温度 ２６０ ℃ ～３００℃，反应压力 ２. ０ ＭＰａ～５．０ ＭＰａ，进料空速 ４００～１６００ｍＬ·ｇ～（-１）·Ｈ～（－１）范围内，研究了鼓泡塔ＣＯ加氢制二甲醚过程中的工艺条件对催化剂的催化性能的影响．结果表明．较高温度有利于合成二甲醚的反应．在 ２９０ ℃以后，副产物烃类的选择性迅速上升．压力的升高有利于提高二甲醚的选择性，同时抑制烃类的生成．增加空速虽有利于提高二甲醚的时空产率．但使二甲醚的选择性下降．为了考察温度、压力和空速对合成二甲醚反应的影响程度，进行了正交试验．结果表明：在 ５ ＭＰａ．３００℃·１６００ ｍｌ·ｇ－～（－１）·ｈ～（－１）时，Ｙ以获得较高的 ＣＯ转化率．在 ３ ＭＰａ·２６０ ℃，１６００ ｍＬ·ｇ～（－１）·ｈ～（－１）时，可以获得较高的 ＤＭＥ选择．在 ５ ＭＰａ，２８０ ℃，１６００ｍＬ·ｇ～（－１）·ｈ～（－１），可以获得较高的ＤＭＥ时空产率．     

3,4-二氯甲苯氨氧化法制备3,4-二氯苯腈

采用气相氨氧化法,在DN120号催化剂作用下,由3,4-二氯甲苯制备了3,4-二氯苯腈(DCBN).考察了反应温度、物料摩尔比和进料量Qv对反应的转化率、摩尔产率和选择性的影响.确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度400℃、物料摩尔比nDCT∶nNH3∶nair=1∶7∶30、进料量Qv=0.6 mL·h-1.在此条件下,使用DN120号催化剂连续反应300 h,DCBN平均摩尔产率为85.3%.     

β分子筛上甲苯与丙烯烷基化反应的研究

采用等温固定床反应器,以单因素实验法考察了反应温度(120~300℃)、甲苯与丙烯物质的量比(2~10)和液相空速(6~170 h-1)对烷基化反应的影响,并基于正交实验设计综合考察了反应温度、甲苯与丙烯物质的量比和液相空速对烷基化规律及产物分布的影响。结果表明:β分子筛催化剂对甲苯与丙烯液相烷基化具有良好的催化活性和选择性;较为适宜的烷基化反应条件为:温度220℃、甲苯与丙烯物质的量比8∶1、液相空速30 h-1,在此条件下,异丙基甲苯总的选择性为97.69%,其中,邻位异丙基甲苯的选择性为4.99%。     

基于BP神经网络的膜蒸馏性能预测系统

利用BP（反向传播）神经网络模型建立了气隙式膜蒸馏性能（通量和造水比）与热进料温度、冷进料温度和管膜比之间的映射关系,神经网络由输入层（三输入）、隐含层和输出层（二输出）构成,隐含层包含6个神经元。神经网络模型预测通量和造水比的决定系数分别为0.9981和0.9801,具有很高的预测精度。Pearson相关性分析显示热进料温度、管膜比与通量呈正相关,冷进料温度与通量呈负相关,热进料温度、冷进料温度及管膜比对造水比均有正向影响,其中热进料温度对造水比的正向影响最大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。