Development of lipid oxidation during manufacturing of horse mackerel surimi

When fatty fish are transformed into surimi, lipid oxidation takes place, decreasing the quality of the product. This study was aimed to identify the critical stages of the process in terms of the development of lipid oxidation. Horse mackerels were transformed into surimi on a pilot line and samples taken (hand‐skinned fillets = minced fillets, mince, washed and refined minces, paste, surimi and washing water). Most of the lipids were removed during the process and neutral lipids were lost in higher proportion than polar lipids. As a consequence, total lipids of surimi contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids (338 ± 19 g kg^?1) than total lipids of the minced fillets (220 ± 8 g kg^?1). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was higher in the minced fillets than in the mince because less subcutaneous fat and dark muscle were removed during hand‐mincing, indicating that the settings of the skinning–deboning machine can strongly influence the final quality of the product. Concentrations of lipid oxidation products increased significantly during the next stages of surimi processing. The increase was more pronounced for TBARS than hydroperoxides. Concentrations in hydroperoxides were similar in mince and washed mince (15.3 ± 2.8 and 16.6 ± 2.8 mmoles kg^?1 lipid) and increased in refined mince (29.6 ± 2.8 mmoles kg^?1 lipid). TBARS accounted for 2.7 ± 1.0 mg kg^?1 lipid in mince, 40.4 ± 2.3 mg kg^?1 lipid in washed mince and 237 ± 7 mg kg^?1 lipid in refined mince. Hydroperoxides and TBARS were found in appreciable amounts in washing water (76.9 ± 4.7 mmoles kg^?1 lipid and 479 ± 8 mg kg^?1 lipid respectively), when they decreased in surimi (27.3 ± 3.8 mmoles kg^?1 lipid and 44.2 ± 0.8 mg kg^?1 lipid respectively) compared with refined mince. This shows that the last dewatering stage is crucial to ensure surimi quality. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

抹茶对贮藏期间薏仁米脂质氧化的影响

目的：利用天然物质抹茶延长薏仁米货架期。方法：以新鲜薏仁米为原料,经过不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理,测定贮藏期间薏仁米的水分含量、脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量等各项指标及菌落总数和脂质氧化关键酶的变化。结果：经不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理均会抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量以及脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性的上升,减少水分的消耗及微生物的生长繁殖。抹茶对薏仁米的保藏效果存在一定程度的剂量依赖性,但添加质量分数为0.05%和0.08%的抹茶茶粉处理的保藏效果差异较小。贮藏4个月后,与自封袋组相比,添加质量分数为0.05%的抹茶茶粉处理组中薏仁米的脂肪酸值、过氧化值和丙二醛含量分别降低了31.60%,30.77%,44.83%,脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性分别降低了23.05%,28.74%,且游离脂肪酸组成和含量与新鲜薏仁米更相似。结论：抹茶能有效抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂质氧化,延长其货架期。     

小麦胚芽贮藏期内脂质水解酸败机理解析

以小麦胚芽为研究对象,构建脂质水解酸败的模拟体系以及原位体系,解析小麦胚芽贮藏期内脂质水解酸败的机理。结果表明:光照、氧气和脂肪氧合酶未对小麦胚芽模拟体系中的游离脂肪酸含量产生明显影响,而脂肪酶则显著提升游离脂肪酸生成量;此外,游离脂肪酸生成量随水分活度增加而增加,于水分活度为0.75时达峰值,且小麦胚芽内部结合水和不易流动水含量也呈显著增加趋势,水分以及脂质流动性增加;小麦胚芽原位体系中游离脂肪酸含量随贮藏时间延长而逐渐增加,磷脂酰胆碱含量恰相反,且小麦胚芽脂质体膜遭到破坏,游离出的甘油三酯聚集形成油滴。由此可见,小麦胚芽脂质水解酸败模式主要表现为其脂质体膜中的磷脂酰胆碱降解而释放甘油三酯,而后甘油三酯经由脂肪酶催化水解生成大量的游离脂肪酸,从而产生水解酸败现象。     

Discoloration and lipid deterioration of farmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) muscle during refrigerated storage

ABSTRACT:  Discoloration and lipid deterioration of farmed giant catfish ( Pangasianodon gigas) muscle during 14 d refrigerated storage were investigated. Lipid deterioration, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation in both dorsal and ventral muscles increased as storage time increased. A progressive formation of primary lipid oxidation products monitored by the increase in conjugated dienes (CD) was observed ( P < 0.05) and the increase in thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), an index of secondary lipid oxidation products, was noticeable throughout the storage ( P < 0.05). The pH of both dorsal and ventral muscles tended to increase as storage time continued ( P < 0.05). A gradual increase in free fatty acid (FFA) formation was found within the first 10 d of refrigerated storage ( P < 0.05), suggesting hydrolysis induced by lipases and phospholipases. However, a sharp decrease in FFA content was observed at the end of storage. Refrigerated storage also resulted in changes in redness index of both dorsal and ventral muscles. These changes were coincidental with the changes in metmyoglobin content. Therefore, the discoloration and lipid changes in giant catfish muscle during refrigerated storage depended on the muscle type and might be related to the difference in composition between dorsal and ventral muscles.     

婴幼儿配方乳粉贮存过程中品质劣变的研究进展

婴幼儿配方乳粉富含脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物,在贮存过程中易发生品质劣变,如脂质氧化、非酶褐变和乳糖结晶,而降低其营养价值。文中对婴儿配方乳粉贮存过程中品质劣变的类型、影响因素和研究方法进行了概述,并对婴幼儿配方乳粉劣变反应的研究方向进行了展望。      

改性脂质的阴离子交换树脂脱酸工艺研究

以高酸值改性脂质为目标油脂,研究了2种阴离子交换树脂对高酸值改性脂质进行脱酸精制的可行性,并将其与液-液萃取脱酸法联合,以简化液-液萃取脱酸的工艺流程及减少溶剂消耗量。通过单因素实验初步优化了改性脂质的阴离子交换树脂脱酸工艺参数:脱酸温度30℃;反应时间5h;树脂/改性脂质的质量比为2:1;改性脂质/正己烷溶液的浓度为0.2g/mL。改性脂质经液-液萃取联合阴离子交换树脂脱酸后,其罗维朋色度及脂肪酸组成较之未脱酸前没有显著的变化。      

发酵广式腊肠加工过程中脂质氧化特性及其指标间的相关性分析

通过测定发酵广式腊肠加工过程中的酸价、过氧化值、游离脂肪酸、硫代巴比妥酸（triobarbituric acid,TBA）值、羰基价、总酸、水分以及脂肪含量并进行相关性分析,确定发酵广式腊肠加工过程中脂类物质氧化特性及各指标变化的影响关系。结果表明：发酵广式腊肠在加工过程中,随着加工时间的延长酸价不断增加,过氧化值呈逐渐上升趋势,TBA值及羰基价总体呈上升趋势,游离脂肪酸总含量在烘烤过程中呈增加的趋势,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量在烘烤8 h后呈下降的趋势,饱和脂肪酸含量略有上升。发酵广式腊肠在加工过程中脂肪不断氧化水解,氧化程度逐渐加深,酸价、过氧化值、TBA值、羰基价、总酸含量和脂肪含量呈正相关性,过氧化值和总酸含量呈正相关性,说明发酵广式腊肠中酸败程度和脂肪氧化程度的变化趋势一致。     

Influence of storage time and temperature on lipid deterioration during cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) frozen storage

Lean fish deterioration during frozen storage (−30 and −10 °C) for up to 1 year was studied by the assessment of lipid changes. Comparison between a formaldehyde (FA)-forming species (cod) and a non-FA-forming one (haddock) was carried out. Lipid damages were measured on the basis of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i) and fluorescent compounds. In both species at −30 °C, most lipid damage indices showed significant correlations with the storage time. However, at −10 °C, only the FFA and fluorescence detections provided significant correlations with the storage time. Comparison between the fish species showed higher lipid oxidation (PV and TBA-i) and hydrolysis (FFA content) in haddock than in cod at −10 °C; however, a higher fluorescence development was observed in cod at the same temperature. At −30 °C, little differences in lipid damage indices were detected between the two species. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Deterioration of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) during frozen storage

European hake (Merluccius merluccius (L)) was frozen as whole fish and as fillets and stored at ?18°C, ?24°C and ?30°C for up to 39 weeks. Sensory properties, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value, lipid fatty acid composition, adenosine nucleotide degradation products, dimethylamine and formaldehyde were measured at intervals during storage. Changes at ?30°C were negligible, otherwise fillets deteriorated faster than whole fish. Hedonic rating gave a storage life of around 9 months for whole fish stored at ?18°C.     

复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱模型大鼠的降血糖活性研究

目的:评估复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠的降血糖作用.方法:用高脂饮食和地塞米松构建胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠模型,普通饲料为阴性对照,二甲双胍为阳性对照,测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及糖负荷0.5 h后血糖值和血糖曲线下面积指标,并测定其血脂指标数据.结果:正常大鼠的空腹血糖未受到复合杏仁粉的影响(P＞0.05);建模成功后...     

新疆南疆扁桃仁中蛋白质与脂类营养分析

为客观分析评价新疆南疆扁桃仁中蛋白质和脂类营养特性,以新疆南疆主栽品种莎车1号、莎车9号和石头扁桃仁为研究对象,运用氨基酸自动分析仪和GC-MS对扁桃仁中氨基酸和油中脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析测定。结果表明:莎车1号、莎车9号和石头扁桃仁中粗蛋白含量较高,分别为27.17%、29.15%和31.13%;氨基酸组成全面且含量丰富;粗脂肪含量丰富,分别为53.76%、50.64%、49.26%;油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,分别为93.78%、94.14%、93.38%。因此,新疆南疆扁桃是一种极具开发价值的高品质植物蛋白资源和油料作物。     

脂肪酶对中式香肠脂肪降解、氧化和风味的影响

为提高高温短时烘烤的中式香肠品质,本实验研究了添加量为肉质量0.00%、0.02%、0.04%、0.06%、0.08%和0.10%水平的脂肪酶（Palatase）对中式香肠脂质降解、脂肪氧化、挥发性风味物质和感官品质的影响。结果表明：添加脂肪酶能有效加速中式香肠中的脂肪降解和脂肪氧化,促进香肠中脂质来源的挥发性风味物质的生成。添加适量（0.06%）外源脂肪酶能使香肠香气显著增强,并且不影响香肠的其他感官品质;过量添加外源脂肪酶则会导致香肠过度氧化,影响感官品质。     

分子蒸馏富集甜杏仁油中多不饱和脂肪酸技术研究

研究影响分子蒸馏富集甜杏仁油中多不饱和脂肪酸的因素并确定最佳工艺参数。甜杏仁油经乙酯化后,通过单因素实验分析影响分子蒸馏效果的主要因素为蒸馏温度、刮板转速、进料速度和真空度,结合设备情况并应用响应面法中的Box-Behnken设计优化分子蒸馏参数,在60滴/min的进料速度下,经过优化得出最佳工艺参数为:蒸馏温度109℃,刮膜器转速350r/min,操作压力3Pa,在此条件下多不饱和脂肪酸的含量为93.883%。结果表明,分子蒸馏技术富集甜杏仁油中多不饱和脂肪酸是可行的。     

Quality changes in frozen whole and gutted anchovies during storage at −18°C

Fresh samples of whole and gutted anchovies were blast frozen at −35°C and stored at −18°C. The quality of the samples was examined as organoleptic, microbiological and chemical changes during the storage period. Gutting had no significant effect on the quality of the final product. Sensory quality was good for up to 90 days of storage. No increase in microbial activity was detected, but some oxidative and hydrolytic deterioration of fats were observed. The final product was still edible after 180 days.     

The role of lipid oxidation on biscuit texture during storage

The role of lipid oxidation and humidity absorption on the shelf life of biscuits was analysed. Biscuits with low lipid and sugar content were prepared employing different oils, and texture changes that biscuits experience during storage were studied. Water activity, peroxide value, malonaldehyde content and colour were also determined at different storage times. The maximum peroxide level was between 1 and 1.5 mmol kg^?1 of oil, at 166 days of storage. Values of malonaldehyde were between 5.2 and 15.8 nmol g^?1 of dry sample. Water activity and peroxide value influence the biscuit texture (P ≤ 0.05). To study the effects of both factors simultaneously, a mathematical model was adjusted to the data. Results indicate that an increase in the peroxide level, even at low level of lipid oxidation, increases Young's modulus and leads to a harder biscuit, while the humidity absorption lowers the fracture stress and Young's modulus.     

Utilization of electron beam irradiated almond skin powder as a natural antioxidant in ground top round beef

ABSTRACT:  Defatted Carmel variety almond skin powder (ASP) irradiated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy was mixed with ground top round beef at 0.5% (w/w) and stored at 4 °C. Color stability, peroxide values (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and hexanal were determined periodically over a 2-wk period. The L values were not affected by time or treatment. Initially, the redness ( a value) was higher for both the negative control with no ASP ( a value of 21.83) and positive control with 0.01% BHT ( a value of 22.33) compared to samples that contained the ASP ( a values from 17.70 to 20.17) on day 1. This decrease in redness was attributed to the presence of the ASP. Similar to day 1, the a values were not significantly different between the 2 controls over the duration of the study. All the samples with ASP exhibited lower lipid oxidation when compared to the negative control, with greatest oxidation retardation observed at 20 and 30 kGy. Over the treatment period, a 13% to 85% reduction in PV and a 40% to 80% reduction in TBARS were observed in the sample with 30 kGy ASP compared to the negative control. Generally, PV and TBARS of samples with ASP decreased with an increase in irradiation dose. While a difference due to irradiation dose was not observed in CD and hexanal content, the values were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than the controls over time. This study demonstrates that almond skin power could be used to extend the shelf life of refrigerated ground raw beef.