Cu-Zn-Ni/Al_2O_3及Ni含量对天然气超深度脱硫性能影响的实验研究

用共沉淀法加浸渍法制成Ni质量分数分别为0,5%,10%的Cu-Zn-Ni/Al2O3复合三元脱硫剂,通过天然气脱硫实验,研究了它们的脱硫性能。实验结果表明,合适的Ni含量会增强Cu-Zn-Ni/Al2O3脱硫剂的超深度脱硫性能(小于10×10-9 m3/m3),并且随着温度的升高,脱硫性能逐渐增强,最终会趋于稳定。空速(SV)为400,1 200,2 400h-1时,Ni质量分数5%的Cu-Zn-Ni/Al2O3脱硫剂性能最优,在280℃分别达到5×10-9,5×10-9,6×10-9 m3/m3的脱硫深度;SV为400,1 200h-1时,0Ni脱硫剂脱硫性能优于10%Ni脱硫剂;SV为2 400h-1时,10%Ni脱硫剂脱硫性能优于0Ni脱硫剂。     

Cu-Zn-Ni/Al2O3及Ni含量对天然气超深度脱硫性能影响的实验研究

用共沉淀法加浸渍法制成Ni质量分数分别为0,5％,10％的Cu - Zn - Ni/Al2 O3复合三元脱硫剂,通过天然气脱硫实验,研究了它们的脱硫性能.实验结果表明,合适的Ni含量会增强Cu - Zn-Ni/Al2O3脱硫剂的超深度脱硫性能(小于10×10-9m3/m3),并且随着温度的升高,脱硫性能逐渐增强,最终会...     

负载型氧化锌脱硫剂脱硫性能的改善

单一氧化锌负载型脱硫剂脱硫精度可达到0.1×10-6,但其硫容量相对较低.采用共浸渍法制备ZnO-MnO2/γ-Al2O3负载型H2S脱硫剂,通过XRD和BET等手段研究了MnO2对脱硫剂物相及比表面积的影响.并在固定床反应器中考察了Zn/Mn摩尔比、负载量、烧结温度和脱硫温度对脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,活性组分锌锰摩尔比为8∶1,负载量为20％的脱硫剂有较好的脱硫性能,脱硫精度小于0.1×10-6的同时,最高硫容量可达19.08 g S/100 g(ZnO-MnO2).MnO2的加入可以明显改善氧化锌负载型脱硫剂的脱硫性能.     

球团脱硫灰中主要杂质组分对脱硫性能影响研究

球团脱硫灰因其碱性物质质量分数高可用作湿法脱硫剂,但其中所含杂质对脱硫活性有一定影响.采用间歇式硫酸消溶的方法,通过智能电位滴定仪控制浆液pH,分析球团脱硫灰常含杂质SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaSO3对其脱硫活性的影响,并用拟合曲线的方法探究各种杂质成分的影响规律,比较杂质对石灰石脱硫性能影响.结果表...     

NiO-ZnO/Al_2O_3-SiO_2吸附剂的结构与脱硫性能研究

采用分步共沉淀法制备了Ni O-Zn O/Al2O3-Si O2反应活性吸附脱硫剂,利用XRD、BET分别对制备试样的晶体结构和比表面积进行表征,采用固定床吸附试验对吸附剂的脱硫性能进行了评价。考察了吸附剂的活性组分含量和煅烧温度对脱硫性能的影响。试验结果表明:在吸附温度380℃、反应压力1 MPa、重时空速8.5 h-1的条件下,活性组分Ni O的质量分数为18%,煅烧温度为450℃时,吸附剂的脱硫性能达到最佳。     

制备条件对Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3汽油HDS催化剂性能的影响

以蔗糖为辅助剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔氧化铝及相应的Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3汽油脱硫催化剂,并对其进行了TEM、XRD和N2吸附表征。以FCC汽油重馏分为原料,重点考察了不同条件下制得的Al2O3对催化剂选择性加氢脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,蔗糖(sucrose)添加量和pH值对Al2O3织构产生影响,进而影响到对应催化剂的加氢脱硫性能;在Al/sucrose摩尔比1∶1、pH值5.4时Al2O3的比表面积最大、孔径分布最窄,对应催化剂的选择性加氢脱硫活性最好;Al2O3的最可几孔径随pH值的增加而增大;溶胶老化温度对Al2O3的比表面积和孔容影响较大,但对最可几孔径和孔径分布影响较小。与Co-Mo/TiO2-sAl2O3(以sAl2O3表示市售Al2O3)催化剂相比,Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂具有较好的选择性加氢脱硫活性,在考察的条件范围内,脱硫率相同时其对应的烯烃饱和度低5%～15%左右。     

沼气中羰基硫的深度脱除

沼气深度脱硫对于以沼气为制氢原料的分布式燃料电池电站十分重要。采用浸渍法制备了Zn O/γ-Al2O3、Cu O/γ-Al2O3及Cu/γ-Al2O3,实验研究了上述金属氧化物脱硫剂以及商业Fe2O3脱硫剂对沼气中羰基硫(COS)的深度脱除性能。结果表明,Cu基脱硫剂对COS的脱除性能优于Zn O/γ-Al2O3和Fe2O3,其可在250~400℃的温度下将COS脱除到10 ppb以下,能够满足分布式PEMFC电站对脱硫的要求,并达到在其沼气重整器的原料气体预热段完成深度脱硫的目标。Cu O/γ-Al2O3的硫容在250℃达到了最大的0.185 mmol?g?1。对Cu O/γ-Al2O3的脱硫机理进行了分析。固相产物中Cu S的存在说明了COS在Cu O/γ-Al2O3上的吸附为化学吸附,而Cu2O和Cu的存在则说明了沼气中的CH4与CO2在250℃以上的温度下发生了重整反应,Cu2O和Cu为该反应生成的H2和CO的还原产物。气相产物中检测到的H2S,可能是由COS的加氢反应生成的。还考察了沼气中水分对COS深度脱除的影响。Cu基脱硫剂的性能会受到水分的不利影响,但随着温度的升高,该影响呈减小的趋势。     

导热绝缘聚乙烯材料的研究

文章对Al2O3、MgO/Al2O3、Al2O3/石墨混合填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的导热性能、绝缘性能以及力学性能进行了研究.实验结果表明在相同配比的情况下,导热性能Al2O3/石墨/HDPE＞Al2O3/MgO/HDPE＞Al2O3/HDPE;绝缘性能Al2O3/石墨/HDPE＜Al2O3/MgO/HDPE、Al2O3/HDPE.     

乙二醇对NiMoP/Al2O3上二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的影响

在NiMoP浸渍液中添加不同含量乙二醇,制备了一系列NiMoP/Al2O3催化剂,以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,考察有机添加剂乙二醇对NiMoP/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,乙二醇的加入显著提高催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,乙二醇中的羟基与Ni物质的量比为5∶1时,催化剂的加氢脱硫活性最高.乙二醇明显改善NiMoP/Al2O3催化剂的加氢性能.     

固相法制备ZnO/改性半焦脱硫剂及其脱硫性能研究

采用固相法制备了Zn O/改性半焦脱硫剂,在固定床反应器上考察了负载比、活性组分质量分数、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和助剂质量分数对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮吸附技术对最优条件下制备的脱硫剂进行了表征。试验得到的Zn O/改性半焦脱硫剂的最佳制备条件为:负载比(Zn O与改性半焦质量比)5∶3,活性组分质量分数30%,焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间2 h,助剂质量分数4%。固相法制备的脱硫剂结晶度好,脱硫剂脱硫前后比表面积、孔容、孔径变化较小,表明脱硫剂中载体改性半焦的孔隙结构未受到破坏,有利于脱硫剂的后期再生。     

Mechanisms of hydrodenitrogenation of alkylamines and hydrodesulfurization of alkanethiols on NiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3, and Mo/Al2O3

The simultaneous hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of alkylamines and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of alkanethiols, with the NH₂ and SH groups attached to primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms, were studied at 270–320 °C and 3 MPa over sulfided NiMo/Al₂O₃, CoMo/Al₂O₃, and Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Pentylamine and 2-hexylamine reacted by substitution with H₂S to form alkanethiols and with another amine molecule to form dialkylamines. Alkenes and alkanes were not formed directly from pentylamine and 2-hexylamine, but indirectly by elimination and hydrogenolysis of the alkanethiol intermediates, as confirmed by their secondary behavior and the similar alkene/alkane ratios in the simultaneous reactions of amines and thiols. Only 2-methyl-2-butylamine, with the NH₂ group attached to a tertiary carbon atom, produced alkenes as primary products by E1 elimination. NiMo/Al₂O₃ and CoMo/Al₂O₃ have a higher activity for the HDS of alkanethiols than does Mo/Al₂O₃; H₂S has a negative influence. This shows that the thiols react on vacancies on the catalyst surface (Lewis acid sites). Mo/Al₂O₃ is the best HDN catalyst; H₂S has a positive influence on the HDN of amines with the NH₂ group attached to a secondary and a tertiary carbon atom. This indicates that the HDN of alkylamines occurs on Brønsted acid sites.     

Al2O歧化法制备微细Al2O3/Al复合粉体

真空条件下,以Al2O3和Al为原料,通过Al2O歧化法制备微细Al2O3/Al复合粉体.XRD和SEM分析表明:在反应温度为1200～1400℃时,随着温度的升高,粉体中氧化铝含量升高;冷凝温度约为550～750℃时,复合粉体中的氧化铝包括稳定晶型和不稳定晶型;冷凝温度约为1100～1300℃时,复合粉体中的氧化铝全部为稳定晶型;冷凝温度约为550～650℃时,复合粉体的平均粒径小于0.5μm;冷凝温度约为750℃时,铝熔化、微粒团聚;冷凝温度约为1100～1200℃时,铝形成铝珠,氧化铝为不规则状、平均粒径小于2μm;冷凝温度约为1300℃时,氧化铝为片状.因此,通过选取合适的反应温度、冷凝温度,可以控制Al2O3/Al复合粉体中氧化铝的含量、晶型和粒径.     

Air plasma-sprayed Y2O3 coatings for Al2O3/Al2O3 ceramic matrix composites

Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are candidate materials for hot-gas leading components of gas turbines. Since Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ CMC are prone to hot-corrosion in combustion environments, the development of environmental barrier coatings (EBC) is mandatory. Owing to its favorable chemical stability and thermal properties, Y₂O₃ is considered a candidate EBC material for Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ CMC. Up to 1 mm thick Y₂O₃ coatings were deposited by means of air plasma spraying (APS) on Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃ CMC with a reaction-bonded Al₂O₃ bond-coat (RBAO). APS Y₂O₃ coatings exhibit a good adherence in the as-deposited state as well as upon isothermal annealing up to 1400 °C. Moreover, furnace cyclic testing performed at 1200 °C revealed an excellent durability. This is explained by the formation of a continuous, approximately 1 μm thick reaction zone at the APS Y₂O₃/RBAO interface. The reaction zone between Y₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ comprises three layers of thermodynamically stable yttrium-aluminates exhibiting strong bonding, respectively.     

氧化铝载体对镍/氧化铝催化剂性能的影响

氧化铝是化工催化行业广泛应用的催化剂载体。油脂加氢催化剂主要是以氧化铝为载体、镍为主要活性组分的催化剂。在制备镍/氧化铝催化剂的过程中,载体氧化铝使用的最佳条件：载体在共沉淀反应前加入,载体氧化铝比表面积为340.6 m2/g,载体氧化铝加入量为m（镍）∶m（氧化铝）=5∶4,反应的老化时间为45 min。在此条件下,制备的镍/氧化铝催化剂活性最高,应用效果最好。     

Ruby micro-piezospectroscopy in GdAlO3/Al2O3(/ZrO2), Er3Al5O12/Al2O3(/ZrO2) and Y3Al5O12/Al2O3(/ZrO2) binary and ternary directionally solidified eutectics

The fluorescence from (naturally present) Cr³⁺ impurities was used to measure the residual stress in the alumina phase of six melt-grown ceramic eutectic composites associating gadolinum aluminum perovskite (GAP), erbium aluminum garnet (EAG) or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with α-alumina and cubic zirconia. Such measurements are reported for the first time in the GAP containing eutectics.In the usual hydrostatic assumption, we conclude to a residual compression in the range of ～70–400 MPa depending on the sample composition. The validity of the hydrostatic assumption is questioned when a microscope is used for the measurements.     

Al2O3/Al2O3扩散连接机理的研究

采用热压方式进行氧化铝陶瓷材料的扩散连接，并深入探讨了其连接机理，结果表明：采用适当的连接工艺，可使此种材料产生塑性形变，接触面积增加，空洞收缩和闭合，扩散进行充分，1420℃，15MPa热压60min条件下，获得的最高强度为357MPa，超过母材强度平均连接强度为250MPa，是母材平均强度的85％。     

Effect of CeO2 and Al2O3 contents on Ce‐ZrO2/Al2O3 composites

Effect of CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents on phase composition, microstructures, and mechanical properties of Ce–ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ composites was studied. The CeO₂ content in CeO₂–ZrO₂ varied from 7 to 16 mol%, and the Al₂O₃ content in Ce‐ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ composites were 7 and 22 wt%. When CeO₂ content was ≤10 mol%, high Al₂O₃ content contributed to hinder the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic ZrO₂ phase transformation during cooling and decrease the density of microcracks in the composites. Tetragonal ZrO₂ single‐phase was obtained in the composites with ≥12 mol% CeO₂, regardless of the Al₂O₃ content. Hardness, flexural strength, and toughness were dependent on CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents which were related to the microcracks, grain size, and phase transformation. The high flexural strength and toughness of the composites with 7wt% Al₂O₃ could be obtained at an optimum CeO₂ content of 12 mol%, whereas those of the composites with 22 wt% Al₂O₃ could be achieved in the wide CeO₂ content range of 8.5‐12 mol%.     

B_2O_3／Al_2O_3催化剂结构和性能的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法,在500℃下焙烧2 h,制备不同组成的B2O3／Al2O3催化剂。通过X射线衍射、热失重、傅立叶红外光谱等测试方法对所制备的催化剂的结构进行表征。通过催化剂与二苯甲酰基甲烷(DBM)配位情况对催化剂的性能表征。研究表明:焙烧获得的主催化剂晶型为γ-Al2O3,添加第二组分B2O3,可以提高与DBM的配位能力,以改善Al2O3的催化活性。     

Ethylene Hydrogenation over Pt/Ga2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts

The effects of gallia addition on the Pt dispersion and the activity for ethylene hydrogenation at 0 °C were studied for Pt-supported catalysts as a function of the reduction temperature (350, 450, and 550 °C). The catalysts contained 0.5 wt.% Pt and were prepared by successive incipient wetness impregnations with Ga(NO₃)₃ and H₂PtCl₆ aqueous solutions. CO and H₂ chemisorption data indicated that, the addition of small amount of Ga₂O₃ caused an increase of the Pt dispersion and a decrease of ethylene conversion. Both of them decreased appreciably when Ga₂O₃ addition was increased, particularly, for the case where β-Ga₂O₃ was used as a support. The increase in reduction temperature magnified the negative effects of the gallia addition on dispersion and activity, although the addition of small amount of gallia improved the resistance to metal sintering. Results were interpreted in terms of the presence of reduced Ga species, which can encapsulate Pt particles.     

Al_2O_3/Al复合材料的制备及性能研究

本文采用液相法和热压烧结制备出Al203／Al复合材料,并利用DSC／TG、SEM、显维硬度计及万能试验机测试研究了复合材料的热学性能、微观结构及力学性能。结果表明,引入Al后复合陶瓷的断裂韧性有显著提高。