Parallel processing inverter system

A novel method of instantaneous voltage and power balance control of a parallel processing inverter system is proposed. It consists of a high-speed switching PWM (pulsewidth modulated) inverter with an instantaneous current minor loop controller, a voltage major loop controller, and a power balance controller. This system realizes the following functions with only one inverter: constant AC output voltage control with reactive power control, active filtering to absorb load current harmonics, DC voltage and current control as AC-to-DC converter, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for stand-alone operation. This system covers a wide application range, including UPS systems, new energy systems, and active filters with voltage control functions     

单相光伏逆变器的改进型并网控制方法

单相光伏并网逆变器通常采用双闭环控制和电网电压前馈控制的策略,其中双闭环的外电压环为采用PI恒压控制逆变前直流侧电压,分析比较了准比例谐振调节和PI调节两种电流内环的输出外特性,通过对电流内环采用准比例谐振控制的控制系统进行分析建模,建立了逆变器的单相并网仿真模型。仿真结果显示电流内环采用准比例谐振控制能实现并网电流的无静态误差控制,并减小电网频率偏移对并网电流的影响。仿真及实验得到的输出正弦电流波形良好,基于该并网控制策略的光伏逆变器能以高功率因数向电网发电,动态响应快、鲁棒性强、跟踪精度高、并网电流的THD明显优于传统方法,从而验证了改进后模型的可行性和实用性。     

Modelling and analysis of a multilevel voltage source inverter applied as a static var compensator

A multilevel PWM voltage source inverter, especially a five-level one, is introduced to obtain a static var compensator (SVC) as a large scale power source. The multilevel inverter has many advantages, such as better utilization of the switching devices, lower switching frequency at each semiconductor switch and reduced harmonics. In this paper, the SVC with five-level inverter is modelled using circuit DQ transformation and completely analysed including DC and AC characteristics. It is also pointed out that the modulation indexes depend on the values of the DC side capacitors to meet the DC side voltage balancing, Finally, through the experimental results from a 5kVA SVC, the validity of the analyses and the feasibility of the var compensation system are shown for high power applications.     

Natural Harmonic Elimination of Square-Wave Inverter for Medium-Voltage Application

In this paper, a low-frequency square-wave inverter with a series-connected pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter is investigated for high-power applications. The series compensators produce only the desired harmonic voltages to make the net output voltage sinusoidal with small PWM switching harmonics only. An open-loop control strategy for the series compensator is proposed in this paper. This strategy indirectly sets the compensator DC bus voltage to the desired level. No external DC source or active power at fundamental frequency is required to control this dc bus voltage. Different variations of this basic strategy are presented in this paper for medium-voltage applications. Theoretical analysis of this strategy is presented in this paper with simulation and experimental results.     

Three-phase power quality compensator under the unbalanced sources and nonlinear loads

A three-phase voltage-source inverter for a power quality compensator under the unbalanced mains and nonlinear loads is proposed to provide balanced three-phase source current and improve input power factor. The proposed converter is based on the conventional three-phase voltage-source inverter with three additional ac power switches to achieve three-level pulsewidth modulation. The voltage stress of three ac power switches is clamped to half the dc-link voltage. The balanced reference mains currents are estimated using the dc-bus voltage and load currents. A proportional-integral voltage controller is used in the outer loop to compensate the switching losses of the voltage-source inverter. To perform the integrated power quality compensation, a hysteresis current control scheme is adopted to track the balanced line current command in phase with mains voltage. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal of the proposed inverter. Computer simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于分布式电网中DVR的补偿控制策略研究

针对动态电压恢复器（Dynamic Voltage Restorer, DVR）在分布式电网中补偿电压暂降出现的延时和控制不稳定等问题,本文提出一种无串联变压器型DVR的预测电压控制策略,该控制方法采用离散模型为一个电压源逆变器和一个用于开关控制逆变器结合生成一个接口滤波器。 在不需要任何线性控制器或调制技术下,通过DVR跟踪参考电压有效预测控制,保持负载电压在各种电压扰动下稳定输出正弦电压值。在DVR补偿控制策略方面,采用最小有功功率补偿控制策略,该方法更为有效地延长DVR补偿时间,降低DVR输出的有功功率,仿真分析与实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性。     

Decoupling Control Strategy for Single Phase SPWM Parallel Inverters

A deconpling control strategy of inverter parallel system is proposed based on the equivalent output impedance of single phase voltage source SPWM （sinusoidal pulse width modulation） inverter. The active power and reactive power are calculated in terms of output voltage and current of the inverter, and sent to the other inverters in the parallel system via controller area network （CAN） bus. By calculating and decoupling the circumfluence of the active power and reactive power, the inverters can share load current via the regulation of the reference-signal phase and amplitude. Experimental results of an 110V/2kVA inverter parallel system show the feasibility of the decoupling control strategy.     

A current source PWM inverter with actively commutated SCRs

Conventional SCR based current source inverters suffer from poor waveform quality due to six step switching. Pulse width modulated current source inverters typically require gate turn off devices with reverse voltage blocking capability which have limited their application. In this paper, a new pulse width modulated current source inverter topology using one gate turn off switch and six SCRs is presented. The converter uses active commutation to realize pulse width modulation in a conventional SCR based current source inverter. Modulation techniques for the proposed inverter, simulation and experimental results are described in the paper. This topology is suitable for high performance, high power applications     

Adaptive frequency domain control of PWM switched power lineconditioner

An adaptive frequency domain control algorithm for a pulse width modulation (PWM) switched active power line conditioner (PLC) is discussed. An active power line conditioner that minimizes harmonic current in the AC line and improves power factor to unity is recommended. A six switch pulse width modulated current source inverter implements the active PLC. Simulation results of the PLC adaptive frequency domain control using the PWM switching algorithm are presented     

Optimal pulse-width modulation for three-level inverters

The three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter is widely used in high power, medium voltage applications. This paper studies continuous and discontinuous pulse-width modulation for this inverter. Detailed analysis of discontinuous modulation shows that the average switching frequency is not directly proportional to the carrier or sampling frequency, since additional switching transitions occur between different regions of discontinuity. At typical switching frequencies for high power applications (up to 2 kHz) these additional transitions contribute significantly to the inverter's total losses, so that a proper comparison of the harmonic performance can only be carried out under constant loss conditions with varying carrier frequency. This comparison is performed for a typical industrial medium voltage inverter. The paper then considers the major issues of neutral-point voltage balancing and loss distribution within the inverter, for the identified optimal modulation schemes.     

CFAVC scheme for high frequency series resonant inverter-fed domestic induction heating system

This article presents the investigations on the constant frequency asymmetric voltage cancellation control in the AC–AC resonant converter-fed domestic induction heating system. Conventional fixed frequency control techniques used in the high frequency converters lead to non-zero voltage switching operation and reduced output power. The proposed control technique produces higher output power than the conventional fixed-frequency control strategies. In this control technique, zero-voltage-switching operation is maintained during different duty cycle operation for reduction in the switching losses. Complete analysis of the induction heating power supply system with asymmetric voltage cancellation control is discussed in this article. Simulation and experimental study on constant frequency asymmetric voltage cancellation (CFAVC)-controlled full bridge series resonant inverter is performed. Time domain simulation results for the open and closed loop of the system are obtained using MATLAB simulation tool. The simulation results prove the control of voltage and power in a wide range. PID controller-based closed loop control system achieves the voltage regulation of the proposed system for the step change in load. Hardware implementation of the system under CFAVC control is done using the embedded controller. The simulation and experimental results validate the performance of the CFAVC control technique for series resonant-based induction cooking system.     

Topological and Modulation Design of Three-Level Z-Source Inverters

This paper presents the development of two three- level cascaded Z-source inverters, whose output voltage can be stepped down or up unlike a traditional buck three-level inverter. The proposed inverters are designed using two three-phase voltage-source inverter bridges, supplied by two uniquely designed Z-source impedance networks. These three-phase bridges can either be cascaded at their dc sides to form a dc-link-cascaded Z-source inverter or at their ac outputs using single-phase transformers to form a dual Z-source inverter. The dc-link-cascaded inverter has the advantages of not using any clamping diodes and transformers, but does not have redundant switching states within a phase leg for equalizing switching losses among the power devices. This constraint limits the modulation options for the dc-link-cascaded inverter, and indeed, it can only be controlled using the modified carrier disposition technique with appropriate “Z-source shoot-through” states inserted for achieving balanced voltage boosting and optimal “nearest-three-vectors” switching. On the other hand, the dual Z-source inverter with transformer isolation can be controlled using different modulation approaches due to the presence of redundant switching states within a phase leg. Particularly, using a modified phase-shifted-carrier (PSC) scheme with shoot-through states inserted, it is shown that the dual inverter can be implemented using only a single Z-source network, while still achieving the correct volt-sec average and switching loss equalization. This represents a significant reduction in cost, and can more than compensate for the slightly degraded spectral characteristics of the PSC scheme. To verify the theoretical concepts discussed, experimental testing has been performed with the captured results presented in a later section of the paper.      

辅助电路与主开关并联的单相全桥节能逆变器

为了改善逆变器的性能,提出了一种辅助电路与主开关并联的单相全桥节能逆变器.逆变器采用受限单极式正弦脉宽调制（Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation,SPWM）方法,在每个开关周期,只需要控制1个主开关和1个辅助开关的切换,辅助开关可以采用固定占空比控制,而且不需要设定谐振电流阈值来控制辅助开关.在每个开关周期的换流过程中,需要切换的主开关所并联的谐振电容的电压能变化到零,主开关能实现零电压软开通.辅助电路中无器件直接串联在直流母线上,可有效降低辅助电路通态损耗.分析了电路工作原理,实验结果表明主开关和辅助开关都实现了软切换.因此该拓扑能有效降低开关损耗和提高逆变器效率.     

Solar Energy System with Digital Controller for Grid Connected Systems

The solar photovoltaic (PV) module output voltage changes according to the variation of light intensity and temperature. This paper presents the implementation of an automatic digital controller of a DC-DC boost converter without batteries for a solar cell module by using a peripheral interface controller, which forms a closed loop, to control the ON-OFF period of the switching pulse. The output of DC-DC converter is maintained by automatically increasing or decreasing the pulse width. To produce the pulse width modulation (PWM), the microcontroller is programmed according to the required duty cycle for the power switch. The PWM ON period is increased with the decrease in the PV voltage and vice-versa. The input voltage to the inverter is maintained constantly and is converted into an AC signal by using the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) H-bridge operated in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation mode by using a PIC (peripheral interface controller) microcontroller. The generated AC signal can be connected to the AC grid or to the AC load. The simulated results by using Proteus 8 and hardware implemented results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Analysis, designing, and experimentation of a transformer-assistedPWM zero-voltage switching pole inverter

This paper proposes a transformer-assisted pulsewidth modulation (PWM) zero-voltage switching pole inverter. As the auxiliary-resonant-commutated pole inverter (ARCPI), the proposal guarantees zero-voltage switching of the main switch and zero-current switching of the auxiliary switch, with a small power auxiliary circuit and full PWM capability. In particular, problems outstanding with the ARCPI such as control complexity, auxiliary switch protection, and center-tap potential variation, etc., are solved in the proposal. The commutation process is discussed step by step in the paper. A detailed analysis for the auxiliary circuit with regard to commutation duration/duty-cycle limitation, auxiliary switch peak current/RMS current, resonant capacitor RMS current, as well as pole output voltage loss are presented afterwards. A design methodology for the auxiliary circuit is recommended based on the analysis. The proposal is experimentally verified with a 4.25 kW half-bridge inverter prototype     

Advanced Control and Analysis of Cascaded Multilevel Converters Based on P-Q Compensation

This paper introduces new controls for the cascaded multilevel power converter. This converter is also sometimes referred to as a ldquohybrid converterrdquo since it splits high-voltage/low-frequency and low-voltage/pulsewidth-modulation (PWM)-frequency power production between ldquobulkrdquo and ldquoconditioningrdquo converters respectively. Cascaded multilevel converters achieve higher power quality with a given switch count when compared to traditional multilevel converters. This is a particularly favorable option for high power and high performance applications such as naval ship propulsion. This paper first presents a new control method for the topology using three-level bulk and conditioning inverters connected in series through a three-phase load. This control avoids PWM frequency switching in the bulk inverter. The conditioning inverter uses a capacitor source and its control is based on compensating the real and reactive (P-Q) power difference between the bulk inverter and the load. The new control explicitly commands power into the conditioning inverter so that its capacitor voltage remains constant. A unique space vector analysis of hybrid converter modulation is introduced to quantitatively determine operating limitations. The conclusion is then generalized for all types of controls of the hybrid multilevel converters (involving three-level converter cells). The proposed control methods and analytical conclusions are verified by simulation and laboratory measurements.     

中小功率单相全桥节能型谐振极逆变器

中小功率单相全桥逆变器常以金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor,MOSFET）作为开关器件,为实现逆变器在高开关频率下的节能运行,本文提出了一种单相全桥节能型谐振极逆变器拓扑结构,其桥臂上分别并联相同的辅助谐振电路.桥臂上的主开关开通前,其并联的谐振电容的电压能周期性变为零,使主开关完成零电压软开通,可消除MOSFET的容性开通损耗,有利于逆变器的节能运行.本文分析了电路的工作模态,实验结果表明主开关器件处于零电压软切换.因此,该拓扑结构对于研发高性能的中小功率单相全桥逆变器具有参考价值.     

多电平单元串联电压源型变频器高压电源瞬时失电连续运行研究

高压变频调速系统现场应用复杂，工艺多样。在重要的大型工业系统中，高压电源系统有双备用，紧急互投等功能，当变频器对大功率的电机供电时，如果高压电源进行切换，将出现0．1S～1．5s左右的失电间隔，要求变频器在失电间隔中能正常工作，且转速波动较小，达到系统在失电期间不出现剧烈振荡。对于多电平单元串联电压源型变频器，当通过对功率单元电容值的加大，PWM输出占空比减小的方法提高失电连续运行性能，其效果均不理想。在经过大量论证后，采用特殊的DSP控制逻辑，并利用旋转系统中的飞轮动能转换，取得实现变频器在高压瞬时失电时保持稳定运行。     

基于MCU控制的高压开关电源

针对压电陶瓷驱动电源的应用设计了一种基于单片机(MCU)控制的高压开关电源,实现了低压(9～18 V)输入下的高压(150 V)输出。电路主回路采用准谐振反激变换拓扑结构,MCU芯片控制脉宽调制(PWM)电源管理芯片完成变换器升压,并驱动H桥逆变电路输出频率可调的方波电压。数字控制的高压开关电源工作波形稳定,尖峰噪声小,输出电压精度高。实验结果验证了高压开关电源的性能。     

An AC VRM topology for high frequency AC power distribution systems

In this paper, a series resonant converter with pulse-width modulation (PWM) control is presented as an ac voltage regulator module (VRM) for high frequency ac power distribution systems. The proposed topology has close-to-unity rated power factor, low total harmonic distortion in input current, zero voltage switching under all load conditions, low voltage stress of the active switch and high overall efficiency. Simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the performance of the proposed ac VRM converter.