KOH沉淀剂对Ag/TS-1催化剂用于丙烯气相环氧化的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备Ag/TS-1催化剂,在423 K、常压条件下用于丙烯气相环氧化反应,研究了碱金属沉淀剂KOH的影响。结果表明,以KOH为沉淀剂、TS-1为载体制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂反应性能最佳,丙烯转化率为1.8%,环氧丙烷选择性为91.7%;K+的存在对反应有促进作用。     

纳米尺度高配位活性钛TS-1的制备及性能评价

以低成本模板剂四丙基溴化铵和硅溶胶为原料,利用蒸汽辅助干胶晶化法,通过添加晶种的方式合成出纳米级TS-1分子筛。再经二次水热晶化,采用乙胺和四丙基溴化铵的混合溶液对其进行处理,制备出了含有六配位钛的高活性TS-1分子筛。采用X射线衍射、紫外漫反射可见光谱、紫外拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、固体核磁共振、N2物理吸附-脱附测试对其物理化学性质进行了表征,并考察了其对丙烯环氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,纳米级TS-1分子筛后处理生成了活性更为优异的六配位钛物种,且其孔道结构得到了改善,比表面积明显增大;其催化丙烯环氧化反应的活性明显提高,双氧水转化率由二次晶化处理前的47.59%增至二次晶化72 h的85.79%。     

纳米尺度高配位活性钛TS-1的制备及性能评价

采用低成本模板剂和硅源（四丙基溴化铵和硅溶胶）,利用蒸汽辅助干胶晶化法,通过添加晶种的方式合成出纳米级TS-1分子筛。再经二次水热晶化,采用乙胺和四丙基溴化铵的混合溶液对其进行处理,制备出了含有六配位钛的高活性TS-1分子筛。采用X射线衍射、紫外漫反射可见光谱、紫外拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、固体核磁共振、N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对其物理化学性质等进行表征,并考察其对丙烯环氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,纳米级TS-1分子筛后处理生成了活性更为优异的六配位钛物种,且其孔道结构得到了改善,比表面积明显增大;其催化丙烯环氧化反应的活性明显提高,双氧水转化率由47.59%增至85.79%,有了明显的提升。     

Ag助剂对丙烯气相环氧化Au/TS-1-B催化剂性能的影响

以堵孔钛硅分子筛（TS-1-B）为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了金催化剂（Au/TS-1-B）和金-银双金属催化剂（Au-Ag/TS-1-B）,考察两个催化剂在丙烯气相环氧化反应中的稳定性,并利用HRTEM、Py-GC-MS和UV-vis DRS等手段对金属颗粒粒径变化、结焦量及结焦种类等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入显著降低了催化剂表面焦类物质总量和结焦中低聚烯烃的相对含量,从而显著提升了催化剂的稳定性。     

Ag助剂对丙烯气相环氧化Au/TS-1-B催化剂性能的影响

以堵孔钛硅分子筛(TS-1-B)为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了金催化剂(Au/TS-1-B)和金-银双金属催化剂(Au-Ag/TS-1-B),考察两个催化剂在丙烯气相环氧化反应中的稳定性,并利用HRTEM、Py-GC-MS和UV-vis DRS等手段对金属颗粒粒径变化、结焦量及结焦种类等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入显著降低了催化剂表面焦类物质总量和结焦中低聚烯烃的相对含量,从而显著提升了催化剂的稳定性。     

沉淀剂对Ag/TS-1催化性能的影响

考察了沉淀剂的种类对制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂催化性能的影响,采用TEM,XRD和UV-Vis等表征手段对Ag/TS-1催化剂进行了分析,结果表明,Na2CO3是一种良好的沉淀剂,钾离子的存在有利于提高环氧丙烷选择性。以Na2CO3为沉淀剂制备的Ag/TS-1催化剂上的丙烯转化率为0.75%,环氧丙烷选择性为95.9%。     

碱性添加剂在钛硅分子筛/H2O2催化丙烯环氧化反应中的作用

考察了反应溶液中碱性添加剂{氨水（NH₄OH）、氢氧化钠（NaOH）、碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）、碳酸铵[(NH₄)₂CO₃]和四甲基氢氧化铵（TMAOH）}及其浓度对钛硅分子筛（TS-1）催化丙烯环氧化反应性能的影响,并采用紫外拉曼光谱（UV-Raman）与气相色谱（GC）联用原位分析（Raman-GC）碱性添加剂的作用机理。结果表明：反应体系中添加碱性添加剂可有效改善TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的选择性。不同碱性添加剂对TS-1催化丙烯环氧化活性和稳定性影响不同,NaOH、Na₂CO₃和TMAOH的添加造成催化活性和稳定性降低。NH₄OH或(NH₄)₂CO₃作为添加剂改善环氧化反应选择性的同时提高了反应稳定性,其中以(NH₄)₂CO₃效果最佳。添加(NH₄)₂CO₃浓度为8.0×10^-4mol/L时,TS-1催化丙烯环氧化在固定床反应器上连续运行336h时,X(H₂O₂)仍保持在90%以上。原位Raman-GC分析发现,反应体系中NH₄OH和(NH₄)₂CO₃添加可加快反应活性中间体Ti-OOH(η²)基团的生成,促进反应产物从活性中心快速扩散,从而提高丙烯环氧化反应选择性和稳定性。     

Ag/SBA-15材料的制备及其CO催化氧化性能研究

采用2种不同方法将金属Ag浸渍在SBA-15上制备Ag/SBA-15复合材料,通过SEM、UV-Vis、XRD对Ag/SBA-15复合材料进行表征,并对Ag/SBA-15进行CO气体催化氧化实验,评价Ag/SBA-15复合材料的催化性能。结果表明,去除模板剂后浸渍合成的Ag/SBA-15的催化性能较好,其中金属负载量为1%的产品催化性能最好,催化所需的温度最低,CO转化率最高。     

小尺寸TS-1的合成及其催化油酸甲酯环氧化

为高效催化大尺寸油酸甲酯（MO）分子环氧化反应制备绿色增塑剂环氧油酸甲酯（EMO），采用水热法合成钛硅沸石（TS-1）和纯硅沸石（S-1），进一步利用水蒸气辅助晶化法成功制备了小尺寸的纳米TS-1（TS-1-s）和S-1（S-1-s）催化剂。重点考察了TS-1-s催化剂合成过程中溶胶干燥温度、溶胶与水质量配比、水蒸气晶化温度和晶化时间对其微观结构和催化油酸甲酯环氧化反应性能的影响。进一步，采用了XRD、UV-vis、SEM、TEM等手段对TS-1-s催化剂的结构进行了系统的表征。结果表明，相较于传统大晶粒TS-1催化剂（MO转化率39.20%，EMO选择性82.56%），TS-1-s催化剂表现出更优异的催化性能（MO转化率53.58%，EMO选择性85.48%）。     

水热法合成TS-1分子筛中的影响因素

有机物的选择性催化氧化是一类非常重要的化工反应。TS-1分子筛在这类反应中备受关注,其可与双氧水配合表现出优良的催化性能。本文分析了钛源、硅源、模板剂、晶化条件对TS-1分子筛纯度、结晶度及催化性能的影响,并对TS-1分子筛的发展方向提出了建议。     

Gas-Phase Propylene Epoxidation over Ag/TS-1 Prepared in W/O Microemulsion: Effects of the Molar Ratio of Water to Surfactant and the Reaction Temperature

Ag/TS-1 was prepared by microemulsion method in which dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) was used as the surfactant and n-heptane as the organic solvent. The synthesized Ag/TS-1 was characterized by UV–Vis and TEM and its catalytic properties in gas-phase propylene epoxidation were carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The results show that Ag is highly dispersed on TS-1 and the crystal size can be adjusted through the adjusting of the molar ratio of water to surfactant ([H₂O]/[surfactant] = R). The catalyst prepared with R = 4.74 exhibits the highest catalytic activity for propylene epoxidation in gas-phase, the optimal reaction temperature scope is between 363 and 383 K. Over the catalyst prepared with R = 4.11, propylene conversion and the selectivity to propylene oxide (PO) are 1.1% and 91.0%, respectively.     

钛硅分子筛TS-1催化环氧丙烷异构反应的机理探究

丙烯氢氧环氧化一步法制备环氧丙烷（PO）相比于传统的PO工业生产方法在经济和环保方面具有不可比拟的优势。Au/TS-1双功能催化剂在该反应中展现出较优的PO性能,针对其中TS-1催化PO开环异构生成副产物进行了研究,结合PO在堵孔TS-1分子筛（TS-1-B）和Au/TS-1-B催化剂上的反应性能和红外表征结果,采用理论计算探究了Ti-Defect位点上丙醛和丙酮的生成路径以及涉及的能量变化。结果显示PO在TS-1上的异构化主要经历碳氧键断裂和氢原子转移重排两个过渡态,以及具有五元环结构的双配位丙氧基物种中间体。相比于丙醛,丙酮由于生成过程中氢原子重排的过渡态能垒较高而具有更低的异构化选择性。所揭示的TS-1上PO吸附及异构化反应机制将为钛基丙烯环氧化催化剂的结构改性以增强PO脱附从而提高PO选择性提供理论依据。     

Propylene Epoxidation Over Silver Supported on Titanium Silicalite Zeolite

Epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide over Ag/TS-1 in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen was carried out in a fixed-bed, quartz flow reactor. The effects of Ag loading, Si/Ti ratio of TS-1 and calcination temperature and calcination method of Ag/TS-1 on the propylene epoxidation were investigated. The results show that Ag loading, the calcination temperature and calcination method of Ag/TS-1 as well as the Si/Ti ratio of TS-1 have a great effect on the catalytic properties. The optimum Ag loading, calcination temperature and calcination method of Ag/TS-1 and Si/Ti ratio of TS-1 are 2 wt%, 450 °C in air and 64 respectively. Over 2.0 wt% Ag/TS-1(n_Si/n_Ti = 64) catalyst, at a space velocity of 3000 h^-1, 0.92% propylene conversion with 91.21% selectivity to propylene oxide is obtained at 150 °C. The deactivation of Ag/TS-1 catalyst is not due to the changes of active species, but because of the coke of the catalyst, which can be easily regenerated by calcination at 450 °C in air.     

高温及络合稳定剂存在下水热晶化合成TS-2分子筛

在TS-2分子筛胶液制备过程中,添加了络合稳定剂H₂O₂。实验分析表明：钛酸四丁酯与H₂O₂形成过氧化钛物种,可以有效避免锐钛矿TiO₂形成,提高骨架钛含量,在高温条件下晶化仍能得到催化性能较好的TS-2分子筛。利用丙烯环氧化反应对TS-2分子筛进行了考评,H₂O₂的转化率可达94％,H₂O₂生成PO的选择性可达97％。反应体系的酸碱性对环氧化产物分布影响显著,碱性物质的加入可以显著提高PO的选择性,抑制PO和溶剂发生的副反应,但是过量的碱性添加物会造成TS-2分子筛的失活。     

Solvent-free gas-phase epoxidation of propylene in fluidized bed reactor

Industrial HPPO process suffers from the use of CH₃OH solvent, leading to energy-intensive and lengthy purification operations. Herein, by using a microspheric TS-1 catalyst and a fluidized bed reactor, we realized a solvent-free gas-phase epoxidation of propylene, in which, 18% C₃H₆ conversion and 97% PO selectivity have been achieved with 73% H₂O₂ utilization. Furthermore, the gas-phase epoxidation proceeds with an excellent stability, attributed to use of the fluidized bed reactor.     

Epoxidation of Propylene with Hydrogen Peroxide Over TS-1 Catalyst Synthesized in the Presence of Polystyrene

Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) catalyst was synthesized in the presence of polystyrene (PS) particles (denoted as TS-1_PS catalyst) for use in the epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide. For the purpose of comparison, TS-1 catalyst was also synthesized by a conventional method (in the absence of polystyrene particles). In the epoxidation of propylene, the TS-1_PS catalyst showed a higher conversion of hydrogen peroxide and a higher selectivity for propylene oxide (PO) than the TS-1 catalyst. Consequently, the TS-1_PS catalyst showed a higher yield for PO than the TS-1 catalyst. Characterization results showed that the high catalytic performance of TS-1_PS was attributed to the enhanced hydrophobic property of the catalyst and the suppressed formation of anatase TiO₂ in the catalyst.     

表面改性未焙烧TS-1固载金催化丙烯氢氧环氧化反应性能研究

采用四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）溶液对未焙烧钛硅分子筛TS-1（TS-1-B）进行二次晶化改性,以尿素为沉淀剂通过沉积-沉淀法制备改性和非改性的TS-1-B固载Au纳米催化剂,对比研究这两种催化剂丙烯氢氧环氧化反应性能的差异,阐明二次晶化改性对TS-1-B表面结构及催化行为的影响。结果表明：二次晶化改性提高了TS-1-B结晶度,降低了缺陷位硅羟基数量;改性的TS-1-B表面疏水性的提高有助于抑制产物环氧丙烷（PO）在羟基位点上吸附,其固载的金催化剂表现出显著提高的稳定性和活性。此外,对该催化剂的动力学行为也进行了研究,并计算了主/副产物生成活化能。     

丙烯环氧化合成环氧丙烷新技术的研究进展

评述了以分子氧和双氧水为氧源的丙烯环氧化催化剂体系的最新研究进展。其中包括金属Ag催化剂。金属熔盐混合物，钛硅沸石TS-1和过渡金属络合物催化剂体系，根据氧转移机理。金属Ag催化剂和熔盐体系是以分子氧为直接氧源，而TS-1和最近报道的反应相转移含钨催化剂本质上是以过氧化氢为直接氧源。TS-1和反应相转移含钨催化剂和优点是反应条件较温和，生成环氧丙烷的选择性和产率较高。如一种负载成“蛋壳醇作为溶剂），环氧丙烷选择性和产率（以双氧水计）分别可达92%和90%以上。催化剂运转1000h以上性能稳定，今后的一个重要发展方向是开发以分子氧为起始氧源，简单高效的原位双氧水工艺。     

Epoxidation of Propylene over Ag-CuCl Catalysts Using Air as the Oxidant

Ag-CuCl catalysts were found to be active and selective for the epoxidation of propylene using air as the oxidant. Ag catalyst gives a propylene conversion of 31.6%, with a propylene oxide (PO) selectivity of 0.42% at a reaction temperature of 350 °C after 220 min of reaction. Addition of CuCl significantly improves the selectivity to PO, and suppresses the conversion of propylene. The Ag-CuCl (1/0.6) catalyst gives propylene conversion of about 3% and a PO selectivity of about 30% at a reaction temperature of 350 °C after 500 min of reaction. The activity of the Ag-CuCl catalyst increases with the reaction time and the selectivity to PO is very stable for this catalyst. It is found that AgCl and CuO phases formed during the catalyst preparation are beneficial to the epoxidation of propylene.