危险废物焚烧处理环境污染控制分析

根据《国家危险废物名录（2021版）》,我国危险废物有46大类别,2020年危险废物申报量超过8000万吨。如果处置不当,对环境污染是不可估计的。通过焚烧处理,不仅能够从根本上降低危险废物的数量,还能够增加危险废物的处理效率,焚烧处理污染物可能会产生一系列的环境问题,环保的管理人员必须加强治理环境污染的力度,防止焚烧污染物引发环境问题。文章通过分析危险废物的相关种类以及处理流程,探究优化危险废物焚烧环境污染控制的具体措施,为日后危险废物的处理提供一定的技术支持。     

回转窑焚烧系统中一氧化碳超标原因分析

针对危险废物在回转窑焚烧过程中产生的一氧化碳的超标异常问题,结合回转窑焚烧系统实际运行情况,分析了危险废物焚烧过程中一氧化碳的生成机理及超标情况,并提出了相应的控制手段.通过相应控制手段的实施,可有效控制焚烧过程中的一氧化碳超标现象.     

危险废物焚烧工程烟气治理工艺研究

根据回转窑焚烧危险废物后烟气成分的特点,提出采用余热锅炉、旋转喷雾干燥塔、活性炭喷射器、袋式除尘、湿式洗涤塔、SNCR-SCR联合脱硝,上述六种设备组合成烟气治理系统。脱硫脱硝、除尘同时还能有效抑制二英生成,使排放烟气中污染物浓度满足《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准》的限值。     

回转窑危险废物焚烧系统稳定性分析

近年来,回转窑焚烧已成为危险废物无害化处置的主要技术,在危险废物回转窑焚烧运营中,系统的稳定性是决定企业盈利与否的前提,如何保证焚烧系统稳定性已成为其首要目标,本文先通过简述危险废物回转窑焚烧工艺流程,再从焚烧系统稳定性影响因素及维持焚烧系统稳定运行的措施两个方面简要论述。     

固体废物焚烧处置行业危险废物产生规律研究

焚烧是一种重要的固体废物处置方式,能够极大地实现废物减量化,但在焚烧过程中会产生一定的危险废物。通过对生活垃圾、医疗垃圾和危险废物3种固体废物典型焚烧工艺的研究,分析了焚烧过程中危险废物的产生规律。焚烧飞灰是本行业的主要危险废物,其危害特性包括重金属污染、溶解盐污染和有机物污染3方面,不同焚烧对象和焚烧工艺产生的焚烧飞灰性质差异显著,应根据具体情况确定合理的飞灰处置方式。     

“危险废物焚烧”术语

1 危险废物 是指列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法判定的具有危险特征性的废物。2 焚烧 指焚化燃烧危险废物使之分解并无害化的过程。3 焚烧炉 指焚烧危险废物的主体装置。4 焚烧残余物 指焚烧危险废物后排出的燃烧残渣、飞灰和经尾气净化     

浅谈危险废物回转窑焚烧技术

危险废物安全处置一直是人们关注的问题。本文介绍了回转窑焚烧系统应用于危险废物处置的典型工艺,并通过工程实例表明,焚烧烟气采用急冷塔、干式反应器、布袋除尘和洗涤塔组合工艺处理,可以实现污染物达标排放。     

逆流式回转窑危险废物焚烧处置工艺影响因素的探讨

通过对逆流式回转窑危险废物焚烧过程及机理的讨论,提出"3T+E"(温度、时间、湍流度、过剩空气系数)的危险废物焚烧工艺及物料特性对逆流式回转窑危险废物焚烧效果的影响,并针对逆流式回转窑存在的不足进行总结及展望。     

农药生产过程中危险废物焚烧产生二噁英的控制

农药生产过程产生大量危险废物,并且危险废物中有机氯含量较高,焚烧是危险废物的主要处置手段之一,焚烧过程易产生二噁英。并且二噁英是一种强致癌物质,对人身体有极大的危害,备受社会及环境保护领域关注。近年来对二噁英的研究越来越多,本文就其结构、产生机制来源、监测方法以及主要控制措施进行分析和研究。     

城市污水处理厂污泥焚烧处理技术综述

介绍了城市污水处理厂污泥处理的技术现状,重点介绍了污泥焚烧的技术现状以及存在问题,并详细阐述了污泥焚烧过程中污染物（如重金属、二嗯英、酸性气体等）的控制措施。简单分析了焚烧技术的限制因素并提出污泥焚烧技术之后的研究方向。     

超临界水氧化技术与开发污染物资源的研究

阐述了超临界水氧化反应另一机理———有机物热力燃烧,介绍了超临界水氧化技术处理难降解有机污染物、固体废弃物及污泥等的研究动态,分析了超临界水氧化反应过程中的反应热值。对利用超临界水氧化技术开发污染物资源,促进循环经济发展进行了探讨。     

Deuterium Isotope Effects during RDX Combustion: Mechanistic burn rate-controlling step determination

High pressure (500 psig/3.55 MPa and 1000 psigl6.99 MPa) burn rate comparisons from the combustion of solid RDX (hexahydro- 1.3,.5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and perdeuterio-labeled RDX-dh cylindrical pressed pellets reveals a large kinetic deuterium isotope cffect (KDIE). This experimental KDIE confirms that chemical reaction kinetics are a significant mechanistic factor in controlling the inherent RDX burn rate and further shows the six-membered RDX hcterocycle's rate-controlling mechanistic step during com- bustion is the same as that previously reported for its larger eight-membered HMX (octahydro-l.3,5,7-tetranitro-l.3.5,7 tetrazocine) homologuc. As with HMX. This experimental KDTE approach also demonstrates a direct mechanistic relationship between RDX's higher order cornbustion regime and its ambient pressure thermochemical decomposition process.     

Propagation of a burn front through a long channel

We studied experimentally the phenomenology, rules, and mechanism of the propagation of a burn front through iron—aluminum thermite in a long channel. We describe the dynamics of the change of orientation of the burn front as a function of the caloric content of the mixture, and we propose a mechanism for these dynamics. We show that there exist burn limits in the vertical and lengthwise directions dependent on the channel width and the caloric content of the mixture.Chernogolovka. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 29–33, November–December, 1991.     

Smoke oxidation kinetics for application to prediction of clean burn patterns

Smoke deposition patterns are a potentially rich source of information concerning the behavior of a fire. Clean burn patterns are smoke‐free areas where smoke deposits have been oxidized away. In order to predict the formation of clean burn patterns, smoke oxidation kinetics are required. Smoke oxidation kinetics were studied for smokes from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene, and gasoline. The fuels were burned below a hood, and smoke samples were collected from the hot gas layer and from the wall surfaces. The smokes from various polymers and gasoline were found to contain no measurable volatile organic chemicals. The kinetics of the smokes from the polymers and gasoline were found to be satisfactorily modeled as first order in both smoke and oxygen with the same kinetic constants for all fuels tested. The activation energy was calculated to be 211 kJ/mol, and the pre‐exponential factor was found to be 4.7 × 10¹⁰/s. These kinetic parameters provide a basis for modeling clean burn pattern generation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电石炉气烧石灰生过烧率较大的原因分析及对策

介绍了对电石炉气烧石灰生过烧率较大的原因分析,对电石炉和石灰窑进行了技术改造和加强设备检修,降低了生过烧率,保证了设备稳定运行,提高了产品质量,降低了电耗。     

Fatty acid content of plasma lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids are altered following burn injury

The objective of this study was to examine compositional and quantitative changes in fatty acids of plasma components and red blood cell phospholipids (PL) immediately following and during recovery from burn injury. Subjects (n=10) with >10% total body surface area burn had blood drawn at specific timepoints (0 to >50 d) following burn injury. Fatty acid composition of red blood cell PL and plasma PL, cholesteryl esters (CE), and triglycerides was determined using gas-liquid chromatography after separating each fraction from extracted lipids by thin-layer chromatography. Total plasma PL and CE in burn patients were lower than in healthy control subjects with reduced 20∶4n−6, n−6, and n−3 fatty acids and higher levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids early after burn. CE levels remained half that of healthy control values up to 50 d post-burn. Red blood cell PL had decreased 20∶4n−6 content and profiles similar to that of an essential fatty acid deficiency early after burn. These results suggest an impairment in lipoprotein and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the early post-burn period. Lower levels of 20∶4n−6 and n−3 fatty acids in every plasma fraction suggest increased use of these fatty acids for wound healing and immune function following burn injury. Further work is needed to determine the ability of burn patients to utilize essential fatty acids in order to design nutritional intervention that promotes wound healing and immunological functions consistent with recovery in these patients.     

Hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles for burn wounds show antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity

This research introduces a novel dressing for burn wounds, containing silver nanoparticles in hydrogels for infected burn care. The 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles have been prepared via ultraviolet radiation. The formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored by surface plasmon bands and transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of silver nitrate loaded in the solutions slightly affected the physical properties and mechanical properties of the neat hydrogel. An indirect cytotoxicity study found that none of the hydrogels were toxic to tested cell lines. The measurement of cumulative release of silver indicated that 70%–82% of silver was released within 72 hr. The antibacterial activities of the hydrogels against common burn pathogens were studied and the results showed that 5 mM silver hydrogel had the greatest inhibitory activity. The results support its use as a potential burn wound dressing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40215.     

Prozeßführung und Verfahrenstechnik zur schadstoffarmen Verbrennung von Abfällen

Process control and engineering of essentially pollutant-free combustion of wastes. The avoidance, reduction, and utilization of wastes are recognized as exploitable strategies. In spite of these measures, in the future wastes remain which still require treatment. Combustion is possible way substantially converting complex chemical compounds in an environmentally compatible manner. The present paper deals in a general manner with the possibilities of influencing combustion control (primary measures) for wastes in order to obtain minimum levels of pollutants. A difference is made between gaseous, liquid, or powdered wastes and those comprising mixtures of coarse, pasty, and liquid components. The paper deals with mixing mechanisms, temperature control, burn out, pollutant limitation, and the resulting fundamental possibilities of process control and engineering.     

The use of modelling in burn injury evaluation beneath clothing layers

The requirement, development and use of a computer model to predict burn injury beneath varying clothing layers when subjected to differing sources of radiant energy is discussed. © Crown copyright 1999.