职业教育《电子技术基础》教学初探

职业教育的办学形式、教学模式是基于远程、开放的环境下,充分运用现代电子信息技术和网络技术,以个别化学习与协作学习相结合所构建的教学活动形式.     

远程开放教育《计算机电路基础》教学初探

现代远程开放教育的办学形式、教学模式是基于远程、开放的环境下,充分运用现代电子信息技术和网络技术,以个别化学习与协作学习相结合所构建的教学活动形式。由于教育的大众化,入学门槛低,学生基础参差不齐,学习条件、态度、方式也各不相同,加之面授辅导时间又     

利用信息技术 优化语文教学

网络环境下的语文课堂教学,可以最大限度地发挥学习者的主动性、积极性,既可以进行个别化教学,又可以进行协作型教学,是一种全新的网络教学模式.利用现代信息技术构建语文阅读学习情境,可以培养学生搜集信息、加工信息的能力,实脱协作式学习.     

信息技术促进学生学习模式的构建

一个人的学习并不仅限于学生时代,学习是一个终身任务。对于高中阶段的学生,学习任务重,时间紧,形成良好的学习模式非常重要。在信息技术的条件下,教师可以将更多有用的信息资源引入课堂,在加强学生对知识理解的同时,也加大了课堂容量,这样就需要教师引导学生形成科学有效的课堂学习模式,提高学习效率。在课堂中可以帮助学生形成如下的学习模式。个别化自主学习模式个别化自主学习是学生在学习过程中主要使用的学习模式。个别化自主学习主要指由学生自主规划并有目的地     

信息技术促进学生学习模式的构建

一个人的学习并不仅限于学生时代,学习是一个终身任务。对于高中阶段的学生,学习任务重,时间紧,形成良好的学习模式非常重要。在信息技术的条件下,教师可以将更多有用的信息资源引入课堂,在加强学生对知识理解的同时,也加大了课堂容量,这样就需要教师引导学生形成科学有效的课堂学习模式,提高学习效率。在课堂中可以帮助学生形成如下的学习模式。个别化自主学习模式个别化自主学习是学生在学习过程中主要使用的学习模式。个别化自主学习主要指由学生自主规划并有目的地     

基于Wiki的《高中信息技术》课协作学习活动设计

Wiki作为信息社会新兴的社会性软件之一,支持面向社群的协作式协作,为开展协作学习提供了良好的协作平台。文章以《高中信息技术》课为例,从学习者特征、学习目标、学习任务、学习环境和资源、学习小组、协作过程、协作评价等方面设计了基于Wiki的协作学习活动。     

基于聚类的协作学习分组方法

协作学习能够促进在线学习平台中学习者之间的沟通交流。同一小组内学习者共同协作完成既定任务过程中,不仅可以巩固已有知识,也能通过互相学习,获得新知识和新技能,在提高个人表现的同时,增加学习兴趣,从而有效地降低辍学率。近年来已提出了很多协作学习分组方法。然而,现有分组方法没有兼顾主题意愿、学习时间规律和小组规模这三个对小组沟通效率有重要影响的因素。该文依据学习者的主题意愿预分组,然后依据学习时间规律迭代地调用聚类算法将学习者划分到满足上下限的小组中,结果表明,上述方法形成的协作学习小组在满意度和时间重合度上均优于IFST和随机分组方法。最后,以XuetangX平台上的1 754名学习者为实验对象进行协作学习分组,实验结果表明,形成的小组有充分的协作学习时间,指派的主题能够很好地满足学习者的意愿,且各个小组之间成员数均衡。     

从课堂上的协作学习到跨时区的全球协作学习

竞争式的学习是进行协作式学习的一大障碍，前者促发了应试教学的强度不断升级。协作式学习要求减轻学生的学习压力、消除他们的忧虑、紧张情绪等消极因素，以轻松愉快的心情开展教师与学生以及学生与学生之间的协作式学习。在当今信息时代，开展网上远程协作式学习能高效率地共享教学资源，远程协作学习的伙伴们能共同研究和选择学习策略，共同策划探究性学习专题。美国国家外语教学标准提倡五个C原则：交际性(Communication)、     

面向动态协作学习的知识模型设计

建构主义认为,学习是学习者以自身已有的知识和经验为基础主动的建构活动。在课程教学中,协作学习的前提是学习者拥有相关的知识,才能在协作学习的过程中更好地建构知识。本文提出面向动态协作学习的知识模型,阐述知识模型的功能模块,分析领域知识的构建,并提出学习过程控制策略。     

基于Wiki的网络协作学习系统平台研究与设计

本文探讨了在协作学习中运用Wiki平台的可行性,从理论与实践两方面研究在Wiki平台上如何进行有效的协作学习活动.并构建面向协作学习的Wiki系统平台.     

计算机支持的多用户协同图案设计系统模型

随着大型图案设计任务的复杂化、设计人员的专业化、设计地理位置的分散化以及计算机网络计算集成化,开发计算机支持的协同图案设计系统成为必要和可能。为了使人们对计算机协同设计系统有所了解,首先阐述了图案设计系统的基本过程,进而分析了计算机支持的多用户协同图案设计的基本要求;然后描述了时间、空间上分散,而在任务上又相互依赖的多个设计者之间的交互方式及协作机制;定义了协同图案设计系统的要素,并在此基础上,构造了多用户协同图案设计系统的逻辑模型;研究了协同编著系统中多用户图案的管理、操作和并发控制模型,同步图案设计的管理模型,控制模型以及消息的管理策略;最后设计了图案设计系统的结构模型。     

支持计算机协同操作的虚拟实验室的研究开发

该文对虚拟实验室、计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)进行一些简述。提出了研究开发基于网络协同工作的虚拟实验室的一种新视野和新思路。开发实现了一个具有协同工作能力的虚拟实验室系统。首先该系统是一个虚拟实验室系统，具有虚拟实验室的基本功能，如虚拟元器件、可视化输入、可视化输出、可视化模型等；其次它是一个网络环境下的协同工作系统，具有不同实验者之间协作完成同一实验的功能。     

The study of interactions and attitudes of third-grade students' learning information technology via a cooperative approach

The study uses Johnson and Johnson's Learning Together approach as a strategy for teaching third-grade learners' information literacy. The study explored the perceptions and attitudes as well as the interactive processes, behavior and patterns of K3 children learning information technology via a cooperative approach. Data collection included a survey, the instructors' observations and reflective journals as well as interviews with the students. The findings of the study are summarized in the following four areas. First, generally speaking, the study showed the positive value of a cooperative approach when effectively integrated into computer curriculums. Second, the study found that group interaction was more procedure-related, including topic choice, duty assignation, content selection, and computer operation. Third, it was found that most learners mastered computer skills, but approached their knowledge-building project with less of a sense of synthesis and integration. Finally, the study found four different forms of interactions (Individual, Authoritative, Argumentative and Consolidated) emerging during the earlier stages of learning with group cohesion increasing at later stages. It can be concluded that learners' attitudes and interactive quality in their group learning is promoted to varying degrees, and most learners are capable of mastering computer skills. However, given the time limitation of four months and that it was the instructors' and learners' first attempt at cooperative learning, there was still much to learn for mastery of the course and much to be desired in scaffolding learners' for highly effective cooperative learning. The paper concludes with some recommendations for the future design of an information technology curriculum for cooperative learning.     

Avatars Versus Agents: A Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Agency on Social Influence

Existing research has investigated whether virtual representations perceived to be controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or those perceived to be controlled by computer algorithms (i.e., agents) are more influential. A meta-analysis (N = 32) examined the model of social influence in virtual environments (Blascovich, 2002) and investigated whether agents and avatars in virtual environments elicit different levels of social influence. Results indicated that perceived avatars produced stronger responses than perceived agents. Level of immersion (desktop vs. fully immersive), dependent variable type (subjective vs. objective), task type (competitive vs. cooperative vs. neutral), and actual control of the representation (human vs. computer) were examined as moderators. An interaction effect revealed that studies conducted on a desktop that used objective measures showed a stronger effect for agency than those that were conducted on a desktop but used subjective measures. Competitive and cooperative tasks showed greater agency effects than neutral tasks. Studies in which both conditions were actually human controlled showed greater agency effects than studies in which both conditions were actually computer controlled. We discuss theoretical and design implications for human–computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.     

计算机支持协同式水平井设计系统

运用计算机支持协同工作的最新技术，面向石油钻井中水平井设计过程，研究开发了基于CSCW的协同式水平井设计软件系统，建立由计算机网络支持的多智能体水平井协作设计软件应用平台环境，利用网络通信和移动计算技术来实现动态水平井设计信息的多方传输和并行设计。     

协同式钻具组合辅助设计系统的研究

分析了网络环境下石油钻具组合设计的特点,针对目前钻具组合设计集成软件系统在处理复杂动态的、跨地区部门的钻具组合设计人员群体协作工作时,缺乏足够的协同性和临场感,运用计算机支持协同工作的最新技术,面向石油钻井中钻具组合设计过程,研究开发基于CSCW的协同式钻具组合辅助设计软件系统,建立由计算机网络支持的多智能体钻具组合协作设计软件应用平台环境,利用网络通信和移动计算技术来实现动态钻具组合设计信息的多方传输和并行设计.     

A survey of CSCW systems

Over the last decade, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has emerged as an identifiable research area that focuses on the role of the computer in group work. CSCW is a generic term which combines the understanding of the nature of group working with the enabling technologies of computer networking, systems support and applications. The paper examines the classes of system which have emerged to support cooperative working. A framework for characterising and describing CSCW systems is presented and four major classes of cooperative system identified. Each of these classes of cooperative system are examined highlighting their general characteristics and applicability to CSCW.     

Policy-based Awareness Management (PAM): Case study of a wireless communication system at a hospital

The present paper evaluates the use of software agents to identify relevance of information, called awareness. This evaluation is based on existing policies and scenarios in the context of wireless communication of a hospital in Norway. The study is to address the lack of literature for experimental studies on a method to employ software agents for awareness identification. Research in computer supported cooperative work indicates the significant contributions of software agents to assist individuals. There are bodies of work that show awareness provides the means for software agents in which effective cooperation can take place. In addition, the role of the methods to identify awareness is emphasized in the literature of both computer supported cooperative work and software agents. This paper explains a step-wise process, called Policy-based Awareness Management, which allows agents to use policies as a source to identify awareness and thus change their behaviors accordingly. The contribution of this method is based on the concepts proposed by the logic of general awareness. The present study applies Directory Enabled Networks-next generation as the policy structure for the method. The paper evaluates the process via its application to identify the relevance of information in wireless communication scenarios in a hospital. The present study conducts observations, interviews and discussions on the wireless communication system of the hospital to identify the different scenarios happening in the system. The paper presents a set of simulations on these scenarios and concludes that the method is effective and cost-efficient.     

Intelligent support for activity management (ISAM): an architectureto support distributed supervisory control

Distributed supervisory control is the monitoring and control of complex, dynamic, highly automated systems by a team of human operators. As such, it is an example of a cooperative work environment. The goal of this paper is to analyze the nature of cooperative work in distributed supervisory control environments and describe implications for computer support. In particular, we argue that flexible support for activity management is a key requirement for computer support for distributed supervisory control, and we propose the intelligent support for activity management (ISAM) architecture as one infrastructure for doing so. The design and implementation of ISAM draws from previous work on intelligent operator's associate systems and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) systems. A graphical user interface to ISAM and an evaluation study of this system in the context of team supervisory control are also described     

网格计算中的开放复杂巨系统

在处理复杂巨系统问题时,本文利用对特定问题的求解策略,以网格技术作为支撑,有效地综合集成计算机网络中的各种资源,不仅能够对数据库、方法库等高层资源进行集成,而且可以将计算能力、存储能力、网络资源,甚至硬件设备和人都进行有效的集成,提供一个协作的、高效的、开放的网格巨系统.