壳聚糖修饰的银纳米粒子对色氨酸的紫外检测

基于银纳米粒子的传感器的应用引起了广泛关注,原因是其具有简便、高效和经济的特点。我们在水相中合成了壳聚糖修饰的银纳米粒子,通过紫外检测,实现了对色氨酸的选择识别,并初步探讨了它们作用的可能机制。     

单分散性银纳米粒子的可控制备

以卤化银或氧化银作为前驱体,室温下以水为溶剂,在较高溶液浓度下,利用化学还原法制备了单分散性银纳米粒子,并通过改变前驱体的种类,实现了粒径可控制备。采取扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)、X射线-粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线-光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对所制备的银纳米粒子的形貌及成分进行了表征。结果显示,所制备的银纳米粒子具有较高的单分散性,粒径在40~150nm之间,具有面心立方多晶结构。该方法制备的银纳米粒子可用于喷墨打印RFID天线。     

L-丝氨酸修饰金纳米粒子对铀(Ⅵ)的比色检测

通过L-丝氨酸修饰后的金纳米颗粒,实现对UO2+2进行简单、高效的即时比色检测。UO2+2的检测,可通过肉眼或紫外-可见分光光度计来识别纳米金溶液的颜色变化来实现。吸光度比值(A650/A524)与相对应的UO2+2的浓度之间存在线性关系。在最佳条件下(pH 4.0),体系对UO2+2的检出限为6.5×10-5mol/L。这种高效的比色传感器可用于UO2+2的即时检测。     

银纳米粒子在木瓜蛋白酶固定化中的应用

通过超声条件下正硅酸四乙酯与g-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的同步水解,一步制备了带氨基的二氧化硅微球,并在其表面沉积了银纳米粒子. 以此负载银的二氧化硅微球作为载体固定木瓜蛋白酶,研究了银纳米粒子负载量对木瓜酶固定化的影响,考察了固定化木瓜蛋白酶的性能. 结果表明,当载体的银负载量为0.68%时,固定木瓜蛋白酶活回收率达到最高,比使用未负载银的载体提高了188%;该固定酶比游离酶具有更好的热稳定性,在重复使用20次后仍保持原有酶活的43%,4℃下储存2个月后酶活基本没有下降.     

磷酸银纳米粒子的合成及机理分析

本文以AgNO3,（NH4）2HPO4为原料,利用酵母分泌物为模板合成了磷酸银纳米粒子,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外光谱分析（FT—IR）和电泳分析等测试手段,对所制备样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并分析了其合成机理。     

N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑功能化纳米金对铀(VI)的可视化比色检测研究

本文以N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑功能化的纳米金粒子(imid-Au NPs)为探针对铀酰离子进行比色检测。imid-Au NPs的咪唑基团可与铀酰根离子形成金属螯合物,诱导imid-Au NPs聚集,致使溶液由酒红色转变为蓝色,该变化可直接通过肉眼识别,从而建立起一种简单快速且适用于现场实时检测UO2+2的可视化比色检测的方法。在最优的p H和显色时间等条件下,其它金属离子(Ni2+、Co2+、Mn2+等11种金属离子)对该比色系统无干扰。当铀酰离子浓度在1.5-13.36μmol/L范围内,该浓度与吸光度比值呈现良好的线性关系(Y=0.1552X+0.4526(R2=0.90)),最低检测限为5.84×10-8mol/L。     

银纳米粒子增强荧光法测定水体中痕量的恩诺沙星

在实验条件下建立了水溶液中痕量恩诺沙星的荧光分析方法;在课题组已有工作的基础上,采用绿色化学方法合成了银纳米粒子;研究了所制得的银纳米粒子对水溶液中恩诺沙星荧光行为的影响,并最终建立了水溶液中痕量恩诺沙星的银纳米粒子增强荧光分析方法。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/银纳米粒子/β-环糊精复合纳米纤维的制备

采用液相原位还原法,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/乙醇溶液中加入硝酸银,制得PVP/银纳米粒子/乙醇溶液,然后加入一定量的PVP/氨水溶液,再加入β-环糊精获得复合溶液。通过静电纺复合溶液得到含有银纳米粒子的三组分复合纳米纤维。利用紫外光谱法对溶胶内的银纳米粒子进行了表征,运用扫描电子显微镜对纤维的形貌和结构进行了表征,并以大肠杆菌为细菌模型,测试了样品的抗菌性能。     

纳米粒子卤化银乳剂的显影过程

采用直接双注法,利用较低分子量的鱼明胶作为保护性胶体介质制备了平均粒径１４．３ｕｍ的卤化银纳米粒子,具有良好的单分散性与热稳定性。利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）观测,研究了该纳米粒子乳剂的显影过程;探讨了显影剂组份、显影时间以及明胶含硫氨基酸组份──蛋氨酸（Ｍｅｔ）等对显影银形成与生长的影响;特别揭示了明胶多肽链中具有还原性与卤素受体双重功能的Ｍｅｔ组份对显影银丝的生长具有明显促进作用。表明明胶大分子在纳米卤化银粒子还原形成纳米银丝的过程中的重要地位。     

A Simple Colorimetric Assay of Bleomycin-Mediated DNA Cleavage Utilizing Double-Stranded DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles

A colorimetric assay of DNA cleavage by bleomycin (BLM) derivatives was developed utilizing high colloidal stability on double-stranded (ds) DNA-modified gold nanoparticles (dsDNA-AuNPs) possessing a cleavage site. The assay was performed using dsDNA-AuNPs treated with inactive BLM or activated BLM (Fe(II)⋅BLM). A 10-min exposure in dsDNA-AuNPs with inactive BLM treatment resulted in a rapid color change from red to purple because of salt-induced non-crosslinking aggregation of dsDNA-AuNPs. In contrast, the addition of active Fe(II)⋅BLM retained the red color, probably because of the formation of protruding structures at the outermost phase of dsDNA-AuNPs caused by BLM-mediated DNA cleavage. Furthermore, the results of our model experiments indicate that oxidative base release and DNA-cleavage pathways could be visually distinguished with color change. The present methodology was also applicable to model screening assays using several drugs with different mechanisms related to antitumor activity. These results strongly suggest that this assay with a rapid color change could lead to simple and efficient screening of potent antitumor agents.     

生物法合成纳米银材料的研究进展

纳米银粒子的独特性能使其在电学、热学、光学、磁学、抗茵和催化等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景.近几年,纳米银制备技术迅速发展,方法多种多样.生物法因其成本低、绿色环保和反应过程简单等优势吸引了众多研究者的关注.采用细茼或真菌等微生物合成纳米银材料一直是新材料领域研究的热点,对近几年国内外生物合成纳米银材料的方法及机理进行了...     

New Antivirals and Antibacterials Based on Silver Nanoparticles

The rediscovery of the medical uses of silver provides another noticeable example, this time at the interface of chemistry and medicine, of the real (and nonlinear) progress of scientific research. Several new silver-based antimicrobial products have thus been commercialized in the last two decades. Next-generation antibacterials and antivirals of broad scope, low toxicity and affordable cost, we argue in this study, will be based on microencapsulated Ag nanoparticles.     

Further Evidence of the Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles

The production of pure silver in nanoparticle size has opened new dimensions in the clinical use of this precious metal. We and others have demonstrated previously that silver nanoparticles (nAg) possess efficient antimicrobial activity. Herein we show they may also have significant anti‐inflammatory effects in a postoperative peritoneal adhesion model. This finding provides further insight into the biological actions of nAg as well as a potentially novel therapy for peritoneal adhesions in clinical surgery.

     

Evaluation of the Effects of Particle Sizes of Silver Nanoparticles on Various Biological Systems

Seven biological methods were adopted (three bacterial activities of bioluminescence, enzyme, enzyme biosynthetic, algal growth, seed germination, and root and shoot growth) to compare the toxic effects of two different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs showed a different sensitivity in each bioassay. Overall, the order of inhibitory effects was roughly observed as follows; bacterial bioluminescence activity ≈ root growth > biosynthetic activity of enzymes ≈ algal growth > seed germination ≈ enzymatic activity > shoot growth. For all bacterial activities (bioluminescence, enzyme, and enzyme biosynthesis), the small AgNPs showed statistically significantly higher toxicity than the large ones (p < 0.0036), while no significant differences were observed among other biological activities. The overall effects on the biological activities (except shoot growth) of the small AgNPs were shown to have about 4.3 times lower EC₅₀ (high toxicity) value than the large AgNPs. These results also indicated that the bacterial bioluminescence activity appeared to be an appropriate method among the tested ones in terms of both sensitivity and the discernment of particle sizes of AgNPs.     

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Functionalized Cationic Silver Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity

ABSTRACT: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a broad spectrum disinfectant against many pathogens, was used as a stabilizing ligand for the synthesis of fairly uniform silver nanoparticles. The particles formed were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic mobility and TEM to measure their morphology and surface chemistry. PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a gram negative bacterial strain, E. coli. These silver nanoparticles were found to have about 100 times higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, compared to the previous reports, due to the combined antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and PHMB. In addition to other applications, PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles would be extremely useful in textile industry due to the strong interaction of PHMB with cellulose fabrics.     

基于纳米银聚集的共振散射光谱法测定痕量多巴胺

在弱酸性缓冲溶液中,质子化的多巴胺与表面包裹着柠檬酸根负离子的纳米银相结合,引起纳米银的聚集,导致体系在442 nm处共振散射强度增强,其强度增加值与多巴胺浓度呈线性关系,据此提出了一种利用纳米银的聚集效应采用共振散射技术测定痕量多巴胺的新方法。在选定最佳实验条件下,多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10~(-7)~2.5×10~(-5)mol/L,线性回归方程为ΔI=2.808×10~7c+8.15,相关系数为0.999 2,检出限为2.78×10~(-8)mol/L。该方法操作简便,应用于注射液、人血清和尿液中多巴胺含量的检测,其加标回收率为96.4%~103.9%,相对标准偏差为0.31%~1.28%。     

Laser-Induced Silver Nanoparticles on Titanium Oxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Silver nanoparticles doped on titanium oxide (TiO₂) were produced by laser-liquid interaction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in isopropanol. Characteristics of Ag/TiO₂ (Ag doped TiO₂) nanoparticles produced by the methods presented in this article were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis. From the UV-Vis measurements, the absorption of visible light of the Ag/TiO₂ photocatalysts was improved (additional absorption at longer wavelength in visible light region) obviously. The photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/TiO₂ was tested by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. A maximum of 82.3% MB degradation is achieved by 2.0 wt% Ag/TiO₂ photocatalyst under 2 h illumination with a halogen lamp.