A speed-sensorless vector control of induction motor operating athigh efficiency taking core loss into account

This paper proposes a speed-sensorless vector control method for an induction motor operating at high efficiency and high response, in which core loss is taken into account, and discusses the system's performance. The proposed vector control system consists of a speed-adaptive rotor-flux observer which takes core loss into account and employs a direct-field-oriented control scheme which compensates for the influence of core loss. On the basis of simulation and experimental results, we show that the proposed system can estimate motor speed even when the rotor flux is changed     

感应电机空间矢量直接转矩控制系统的效率优化

提出了一种感应电机空间矢量直接转矩控制系统的效率最优控制方法。在定子磁链定向坐标系中,建立了计及铁芯损耗的感应电机数学模型。分析了电机损耗与转矩、转速和定子磁链的关系,推导出了不同运行工况条件下效率最优的定子磁链幅值表达式,实现了感应电机直接转矩变频调速系统的效率最优控制。实验结果表明,所提优化控制策略,在保持直接转矩控制快速动态响应特性的同时,可有效提高电机轻载时的运行效率。     

异步电机铁心损耗计算方法的分析与研究

采用变频启动、自启动、串电阻启动等方式启动的异步电机内的组成部件中的电磁场分布并不相同,因此各组成部件的损耗分析方法也应各不相同.各种形式的斯坦梅茨方程可分析计算铁心损耗,且斯坦梅茨方程中的系数可由硅钢片制造商提供的损耗曲线获得,然而,硅钢片制造商提供的损耗曲线仅能在几个固定的频率下获得.采用了一种曲线拟合技术,可计算...     

零机械能输出感应电机

传统电机是机-电能量转换,损耗与温升是电机设计时需要削弱和避免的问题。该文从传统电机损耗与温升出发,提出了用于加热的零机械能输出感应电机。利用绕组所产生的径向磁场在实心结构的定子和转子铁心中感应产生涡流,将输入的电能全部转化为热能,具有定子、转子双边加热的特点。其独特的双边加热效果可解决挤塑类设备旋转螺杆加热瓶颈问题。建立了系统等效模型,给出了电磁功率解析表达式,采用有限元法分析了系统涡流分布与铁心端部效应。对样机进行加热实验,结果证明该种电机与传统线圈缠绕式电磁加热相比,具有节能高效、预热时间短、径向温差小等优点。     

感应电机基于最大转矩输入功率比的能效优化

对于感应电机运行在非额定条件下能效不高的问题,在损耗模型的基础上,结合MTPA弱磁控制策略,提出了一种新型的损耗功率最小化方法。所提出的方法称为最大转矩输入功率比(MTPIP)方法,即在恒转矩的情况下保证输入功率的最小化。其原理是首先计算转矩向量和输入功率向量的梯度,当这两个向量平行即梯度为零时,转矩输入功率的比值达到最大。为了将新方法应用于感应电机的转子磁场定向矢量控制系统中,还设计了基于损耗模型的电压解耦方式和磁通观测器。所提出的方法既保留了损耗模型法和MTPA弱磁控制策略的优点,又实现了感应电机的高能效运行。仿真实验结果表明,MTPIP方法能在不影响矢量控制系统动态性能的基础上实现感应电机能效优化。     

Stray load loss analysis of induction motor-comparison of measurement due to IEEE standard 112 and direct calculation by finite-element method

The purpose of this paper is to specify the main components of the stray load loss of induction motors from both results of measurement and analysis. The IEEE standard 112 Method B is applied to the cage induction motor for the measurement of the stray load loss. On the other hand, the losses generated at the stator core, the rotor core, and the rotor cage are calculated directly by the finite-element method considering the magnetic saturation and the harmonic fields, which vary due to the load condition. The measured and the calculated torque, losses, and efficiency agree well. It is clarified that the main parts of the stray load loss in the case of the analyzed motor are the increase of harmonic losses due to load, which are the harmonic Joule losses of the rotor cage and the harmonic core losses of the stator and the rotor. The relationships between the losses separated by the measurement and the losses calculated directly by the finite-element method are also clarified.     

A Stator-Core Quality-Assessment Technique for Inverter-Fed Induction Machines

Localized heating caused by damage in the laminations or interlaminar insulation of the stator core increases the core losses and can lead to machine failure. Therefore, it is important to monitor the quality of the stator core for reliable and efficient operation of the machine. The methods currently available for core quality assessment are inconvenient since they require an outage and the machine to be disassembled or operated under no-load conditions. In this paper, a new method for monitoring the quality of the stator core for inverter-fed machines without motor disassembly or operation is proposed. The main concept is to use the inverter to apply a set of test signals to assess the quality of the core whenever the motor is at standstill. A set of high-frequency pulsating magnetic fields is produced using the inverter, and the power loss is observed as a function of field circumferential position to detect core problems. An experimental study on a 10-hp induction motor verifies that local interlaminar core faults can be detected with high sensitivity. The proposed technique is expected to provide a simple solution for frequent stator-core quality assessment without motor disassembly, motor operation, or additional hardware for reliable and efficient operation of inverter-fed induction machines.      

电动汽车用感应电机最小损耗Hamilton控制

针对电动汽车电驱动系统的非线性特点,采用端口受控Hamilton系统理论研究了考虑铁损的电动汽车用感应电动机系统的最小损耗控制问题.首先,根据基于损耗模型的感应电机能量优化控制策略得到系统稳态时的优化结果,然后在这一稳态目标下,利用系统的互联和阻尼配置以及能量成形对考虑铁损的感应电机进行Hamilton控制,最后通过仿真实验,验证了在相同的稳态目标下,采用本文的控制算法可使得电机能量损耗明显降低,同时本文采用的控制策略与基于矢量控制的优化控制策略相比,具有收敛速度快、转速波动小等优点,为高性能要求的电动汽车电驱动系统高效运行提供了新的途径.     

潜水永磁辅助同步磁阻电机转子电磁方案设计

为了满足最新电机能效等级国家标准的要求,提高电机的运行效率,以一台55 kW的充水式潜水电机为例,提出了一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机(PMASRM)转子电磁设计方法,结合转子再制造技术,取代传统的潜水感应电机转子,将其改造成为潜水PMASRM。设计的潜水PMASRM和传统的潜水感应电机具有相同的定子铁心结构和绕组形式,提高了材料的利用率,降低了制造成本。有限元仿真结果表明,改造后的潜水PMASRM效率比潜水感应电机得到有效提高。     

High‐Efficiency Motors Using Soft Magnetic Cores

We have developed a small and highly efficient axial gap motor whose stator core consists of a soft magnetic core. First, the loss sensitivities to various motor design parameters were evaluated by magnetic field analysis. Low sensitivity to the pole number and core dimensions ( ? 2.2 dB) was found for the total loss, which is the sum of the copper loss and the iron losses in the stator core and the rotor yoke. From this we concluded that to improve the motor efficiency, it is essential to reduce the iron loss in the rotor yoke and to minimize the other losses. With this in mind, a prototype axial gap motor was manufactured and tested. The motor has four poles and six slots. The motor is 123 mm in diameter and the axial length is 47 mm. The rotor has parallel magnetized magnets and a rotor yoke with magnetic steel sheets. The maximum measured rotor efficiency is 93%. This value roughly agrees with the maximum calculated efficiency of 95%.     

一种考虑感应电机动态效率的转矩控制策略

在许多应用感应电机的场合如电动车或电动船,要求其不但转矩响应好、还要动、稳态效率高.在分析当前稳态以及动态条件下感应电机效率优化控制策略的基础上,本文提出一种考虑感应电机动、稳态效率的转矩控制策略.该策略依据最优滑差频率的控制思想,结合转子磁链定向的矢量控制和磁链解耦控制,以实现兼顾效率的高性能转矩控制.仿真和实验结果表明该方法既能够提高电机在动、稳态运行时的效率,又能够保持较好的转矩动态性能.     

基于粒子群算法的核屏蔽感应电机多目标优化设计

屏蔽感应电机是核反应堆冷却回路的动力源,提高该电机的效率和降低电磁噪声具有重要的意义。将有限元法和磁路法相结合,设计了1台20 kW核屏蔽感应电机。利用有限元软件对其进行额定工况运行状态下噪声和损耗仿真分析,确定影响电机效率和电磁噪声的主要参数;选取影响电机效率和噪声的主要参数为优化变量,电机电磁噪声和效率为优化目标,输出功率为约束条件;采用正交试验表获得样本空间;通过响应面法建立优化目标及约束条件的优化模型,最后利用粒子群算法对优化模型进行求解。有限元仿真结果表明:优化后电机效率提高了2.6%,电磁噪声降低了5.2 dB。     

基于ANSYS的高速感应电机设计

设计了一台额定功率2 kW,额定转速59000 r/min的高速感应电机。根据电机在高速运行时带来的高损耗,选取了性能更好的铁基纳米晶合金作为高速感应电机的定子铁心材料。对于感应电机在高转差率时产生的高谐波转矩,通过采用带端环的闭口圆形槽转子,使电机具有较高的起动电阻,从而获得优良的起动及运行特性,利用ANSYS软件对其转子结构进行应力分析,并验证在高转速下的可靠性。建立了高速感应电机的有限元模型,通过与相同结构参数的硅钢DW310_35电机进行性能对比。结果显示,采用铁基纳米晶合金1K107定子铁心的电机相比硅钢DW310_35电机,总损耗减小了81.2 W,效率提高了4.5%,功率因数提高了0.031。     

Deadbeat flux level control of direct-field-oriented induction motor

A method for the deadbeat flux level control of a direct-field-oriented induction motor with position control loop has been developed that employs an adaptive rotor flux observer. The observer is a full-order type and is used not only in the direct-field-oriented controller, but also to identify stator and rotor resistances of the motor. The observer reduces the sensitivity of a deadbeat controller to fluctuations in the motor parameters. The main advantage of this method is that it improves the efficiency of an induction motor without sacrificing dynamic performance. This paper describes the method as well as the fundamental characteristics of the system derived from experimental and simulation results.     

Steady-state, lumped-parameter model for capacitor-run,single-phase induction motors

This paper documents a technique for deriving a steady-state, lumped-parameter model for capacitor-run, single-phase induction motors. The objective of this model is to predict motor performance parameters such as torque, loss distribution, and efficiency as a function of applied voltage and motor speed as well as the temperatures of the stator windings and of the rotor. The model includes representations of both the main and auxiliary windings (including arbitrary external impedances) and also the effects of core and rotational losses. The technique can be easily implemented and the resultant model can be used in a wide variety of analyses to investigate motor performance as a function of load, speed, and winding and rotor temperatures. The technique is based upon a coupled-circuit representation of the induction motor. A notable feature of the model is the technique used for representing core loss. This methodology takes advantage of the speed of digital computation which permits a search of parameter space to find a parameter set that best matches the measured motor performance. Finally, an example of the technique is presented based upon a 3.5 kW, single-phase, capacitor-run motor and the validity of the technique is demonstrated by comparing predicted and measured motor performance     

转子磁场定向矢量控制中异步电机铁损模型分析

异步电机的数学模型通常是忽略铁损的,也是可行的.然而实际上电机的铁损是真实存在的,特别是在效率的分析上,铁损不可忽略.在现有的两种考虑铁损的异步电机模型中,串联铁损模型在磁场定向中不可行,因此本文重点对采用并联铁损模型在磁场定向矢量控制中的应用作深入分析.根据此模型进行数值仿真,仿真与试验结果的比较证明,研究磁场定向时应采用考虑铁损的模型.     

异步电动机效率优化控制策略综述

异步电动机在轻载运行时效率会明显下降,由于异步电动机应用广泛,优化其运行效率对节能减排具有重要意义。该文总结了近来年异步电动机效率优化控制的研究成果,其中包括基于电机损耗模型的损耗模型控制法、基于输入功率检测的搜索控制法和混合控制方法,介绍了几种典型算法的原理和性能,并指出了异步电动机效率优化的研究方向。     

一种考虑铁耗的感应电机最大效率控制系统

在研究感应电机损耗模型的基础上,综合矢量控制与最大效率控制的特点,提出了一种新的基于损耗模型的感应电机效率优化控制系统.该系统通过电机损耗模型选取最优励磁电流搜索初值,采用自寻优方法在已经缩小的范围内搜索系统的最大效率运行点.系统进人稳态时,采用效率优化控制策略,通过搜索模型获得最佳的系统效率,而在负载或速度指令突然变...     

感应电动机新型最小损耗控制策略

在变频驱动中,施加在电机定子绕组上的电压和频率对一给定的转矩－转速运行点可以有不同的组合,其中存在某一最佳的电压－频率组合使电机在该点运行损耗最小。但是目前所有最小损耗控制方法都要求精确了解电动机的模型和参数,因此难以用于实际工程。本文首次利用感应电动机线性化Ｍ－ｓ公式导出了最小损耗控制方程及其约束条件,文中给出仿真和实验结果,对新方法和基于模型的效率优化方法［１］进行了对比,并给出７．５ｋＷ标准效率感应电动机采用最小损耗控制与恒Ｖ／Ｆ控制时传动系统的效率比较。研究结果表明,新方法和基于模型的效率优化方法的控制效果十分近似,而新方程却具有简单、实用的突出特点,可较大地改善电动机的效率。     

Stray load loss efficiency connections

This paper deals about the stray load loss efficiency in electrical machines. Induction motors are the most commonly employed electrical machines, in industries. When examining the losses of an induction machine, it is possible to identify the "conventional" losses that include stator and rotor conductor losses, magnetic core loss, frication and windage loss. However induction motors also have an additional power loss component termed "stray load loss" (SLL) which is caused by practical nature of the machine. However, SLL is very significant part of overall losses that may have a big influence on the temperature situation of the motor. The evaluation of SLL in induction motors is an important part of the efficiency estimation process. The use of calorimetry precisely determines the stray load loss.