纯铁液中[Y]-[S]-[O]平衡的研究

通过热力学分析研究计算得到: 1)钇在纯铁液中的脱氧常数,脱硫常数和脱硫氧常数’溶解自由能;活度系数和自作用系数。2)纯铁液中[Y]-[S]-[O]平衡立体图;钇的脱氧平衡、脱硫平衡图;等硫(a_Y-a_o)、等氧(a_Y-a_s)、等钇(a_s-a_o)的平衡图,为理论上预测夹杂物生成的顺序和类型提供了依据。3)给出了铁液中钇加入量和控制夹杂物形态的公式。4)把钇与铈同时加入铁液中,Ce在Y_2O_2S中不富集,但在YS中富集。     

铁液中[La]-[S]-[O]平衡的研究

本文采用铁液与镧的脱硫产物直接平衡法研究了铁液中镧的脱硫能力。采用ZrO_2(MgO)固体电解质定氧探头直接测定铁液中的氧活度,CaS(TiS_2)固体电解质定硫探头直接测定铁液中的硫活度,并在低温无水电解操作条件下,分离了固体平衡试样中的平衡产物,测得了溶解状态的镧含量,由实验所得的数据,并选择了有关的热力学数据,通过计算得到了1600℃铁液中[La]-[S]-[O]平衡图和等硫(a_(La)-a_0)、等氧(a_(La)-a_0)平衡图,为理论上预测夹杂物生成的顺序和类型提供了依据。给出了铁液中La的一系列有关热力学参数,并给出了铁液中La加入量和控制夹杂物形态的公式,对La在铁液中的有关行为进行了热力学分析和讨论。     

VD钢中[H]和[N]的控制

介绍了VD脱气的原理、脱气的控制，以及减少钢液吸收气体的措施。     

锑经济学[续五]

3.24西班牙西班牙锑矿年产量从七十年代初期的150吨增长到1979年的最高值,达717吨。1982年产量稍有下降,但估计仍有550吨。大部分锑矿产于西南地区拥有最大锑矿山即San Antonio矿山的巴达霍斯省。 Hispania金属公司在该省有一年产能力达750吨金属锑的工厂,据称其产量将增加到1000吨。另外,位于卡塔赫纳的Penarroga Espana公司也生产金属锑。国内所需精矿的     

锑经济学[续七]

5.价格在几种商业杂志上定期公布的各种图表展示了锑矿石、金属锑、氧化锑和几种锑化物的价格范围。其中不但包括生产价格,商品价格,而且还包括了杂志自身根据买卖双方提供的信息对某些规格商品审估的价格。自七十年代中期以来,一些杂志已经停止公布有关锑的任何价格,而另一些杂志则又减少了所涉及的材料范围,所以可得到的各种信息一直在减少。 1983年初,《金属通报》公布的价格是:含锑60％的硫化锑块矿每公吨度锑为14—15美元,相当于欧洲港的到港价格,即     

锑经济学[续二]

2.4 轴承合金由依萨克·巴比特在1983年首先取得专利的高铅和高锡轴承合金,通常称之为巴比特合金。这种合金特别适于满足对油膜轴承的各种要求。既使在极限条件,如高负荷、疲劳和高温下工作,它们都能保持良好的耐磨     

锑经济学[续三]

2.13 阻燃剂锑用于制造以三氧化二锑为主要形式的阻燃剂。也可采用氯氧化锑、锑酸钠和五氧化二锑作阻燃剂。五氧化二锑比三氧化二锑昂贵,它的应用多限于那些对其性能的特别要求胜过高成本这一缺点的地方。含三氧化二锑约5O％的硅-锑复合物也时有被用来作阻     

Ni液中[Y]-[O]平衡的研究

由浓差定氧和低温无水电解法研究了1500、1550、1800℃Ni液中〔Y〕-〔O〕平衡关系,测定了钇的脱氧常数1gK_(Y_2O_3)。及钇与氧的一阶活度相互作用系数与温度的关系,并进行了有关的热力学计算。给出了1500、1550、1600℃Ni液中钇的脱氧平衡图及平衡时钇活度与氧活度的关系式。对于反应脱氧常数Ni液中钇脱氧平衡时,三个下钇、氧活度的着系式、     

劳动保护莫要[看人下菜]

盖师傅所在的企业最近组织一线操作人员进行职业健康体检.企业规定,体检的对象必须是企业正式工或者在企业服务期达到5年以上的其他职工.盖师傅由于是一位农民工,在此企业就业时间不满5年,从而被排除于职业健康体检范围之外.对此,盖师傅很不服气,觉得企业在劳动保护方面"看人下菜",搞身份歧视.由于参加职业健康体检的要求没有得到企业的支持,盖师傅最终选择辞职.     

锑经济学[续四]

3.6缅甸锑采矿业始于1969年。1970年10月曾报导在毛淡棉县斋马劳镇的麦迪先(Matsan)地区,南部掸邦的蒙舒(Mongshu)以及克耶邦垒固县的科斯特(Konshut)和比起特(Pein-chit)等处都有富锑沉积矿。1971年在位于木冬与毛淡棉镇之间的海原(Khayin)山下发现一新的矿脉。据报导,1977年锑矿达675吨,但此后年产量下降为100—200吨,即七十年代初的普通水平。     

Participation in A[merican] P[sychological] A[ssociation] voting.

"Our study is limited to the ballots distributed in the Spring of 1954: the presidential nomination ballot, the presidential election ballot, and a ballot proposing changes in the bylaws… . While a somewhat higher percentage of the Fellows vote than do Associates, nevertheless the Associates are so much more numerous that the great majority of the votes in each election came from this membership class." Approximately half of the respondents on each poll consisted of persons who had no divisional affiliation. Four tables are presented, one indicating the percentage of members of each division returning ballots and another indicating the percentage of voters belonging to each division. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The precipitation diagram of [Ce]-[O]-[S] in liquid iron and its application

A space precipitation diagram of [Ce]-[O]-[S] in pure liquid iron has been constructed utilising recent experimental thermodynamic data gathered on allied equilibrium systems of RE-O, RE-S and RE-O-S. A quantitative correlation between the activities of oxygen, sulphur and the constitution of the formed RE inclusions has been found. This correlation was theoretically evaluated through thermodynamic calculation and verified by experimental data concerned with the activities of oxygen and sulphur in liquid iron and the composition of the formed RE inclusions.     

Pyrrolo[1',2':1,2]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, pyrrolo- [2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines and pyrrolo[2,1-f]purines as potential benzodiazepine ligands

The synthesis of some 7,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-6H-pyrrolo[1',2':1,2]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-ones, 5,5a,6,7-tetrahydro-8H-pyrrolo[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-8-ones and 7,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,1-f]purin-6-ones is reported. The structure of the obtained compounds has been assigned by means of 1H-NMR spectra assisted by NOESY measurements. In addition, the ability to displace [3H]-flunitrazepam binding from rat brain membranes is determined. Only the pyrrolopurine derivative 5d binds to the benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) with appreciable potency.     

Synthesis, properties and biological evaluation of substituted furo[3,2-e] and pyrano[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b]indoles

Furo[3,2-e]- and pyrano[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b] indoles were synthesized from 1,4,5-trisubstituted 8-hydroxy-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indoles. The intermediates, 10-chloro-6H-furo[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole (11), 10-chloro-2,6-dihydro-1H-furo[3,2-e]pyrido-[4,3-b]indole (10) and 11-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3H,7H-pyrano[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole (15), were substituted by diamines under thermal conditions (180 degrees C). In contrast, 11-chloro-3H,7H-pyrano[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole (14), 9-allyl-1-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (9a) and 8-propargyloxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (8) led mainly to 1-aminosubstituted 8-hydroxy-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives resulting from an unexpected C3 unit elimination. When examined in three tumour cell lines (L1210 leukaemia, the B16 melanoma and the MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma) the new amino substituted furo[3,2-e]-, dihydrofuro[3,2-e]- and dihydropyrano[3,2-e]-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives revealed cytotoxic properties, especially important for the 2,6-dihydro-1H-furo[3,2-e]pyrido[4,3-b]indole series. The most active compound (12b) significantly inhibits both DNA topoisomerases I and II, and is as potent as Adriamycin at inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing a massive accumulation of L1210 cells in the G2 + M phase of the cell cycle. However, 12b was less active than Adriamycin when tested in vivo against P388 leukaemia or the B16 melanoma tumour models.     

Regioselective synthesis of pyrazolo[4,5-g]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles: cytotoxic derivatives of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazolic ring system

N-1 and N-2 substituted pyrazolo[4,5-g]pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles were prepared regioselectively, and cytotoxicities evaluated in vitro against K562 and HL60 cells. All compounds displayed weaker activity than doxorubicin against sensitive lines, but showed the same activity against resistant cell lines (multidrug resistance+, (MDR+); K562R and HL60R) indicating no resistance phenomena.     

Oxidation of exogenous [13C]galactose and [13C]glucose during exercise

The present study examined the oxidation of exogenous galactose or glucose during prolonged submaximal cycling exercise. Eight highly trained volunteers exercised on two occasions on a cycle ergometer at 65% of maximal workload for 120 min, followed by a 60-min rest period and a second exercise bout of 30 min at 60% maximal workload. At random, subjects ingested a 8% galactose solution to which an [1-13C]galactose tracer was added or a 8% glucose solution to which an [U-13C]glucose tracer was added. Drinks were provided at the end of the warm-up period (8 ml/kg) and every 15 min (2 ml/kg) during the first 120 min of the test. Blood and breath samples were collected every 30 and 15 min, respectively, during the test. The exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was calculated from the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio and CO2 production of the expired air. Peak exogenous CHO oxidation during exercise for galactose and glucose was 0.41 +/- 0.03 and 0.85 +/- 0.04 g/min, respectively. Total CHO and fat oxidation were not significantly different between the treatments. Forty-six percent of the ingested glucose was oxidized, whereas only 21% of the ingested galactose was oxidized. As a consequence, more endogenous CHO was utilized with galactose than with glucose (124.4 +/- 6.7 and 100.1 +/- 3.6 g, respectively). These results indicate that the oxidation rate of orally ingested galactose is maximally approximately 50% of the oxidation rate of a comparable amount of orally ingested glucose during 120 min of exercise.     

Comparative stability and clearance of [Met30]transthyretin and [Met119]transthyretin

[Met119]Transthyretin has been described as a non-amyloidogenic transthyretin variant. In Portugal, it has also been found in compound heterozygotic individual carriers of [Met30]transthyretin, the most prevalent variant associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. In these individuals, the evolution of the disease seems to be more benign than in typical [Met30]transthyretin carriers, suggesting a protective effect of [Met119]transthyretin on the pathogenic effects of [Met30]transthyretin. To study the mechanisms of this protective effect, we performed comparative in vivo clearance studies. Heterotetrameric [Met119]transthyretin showed a slower clearance, whereas homotetrameric [Met30]transthyretin presented a faster clearance. These data correlate with the relative TTR levels present in carriers of these mutations. Comparative analyses of the resistance to dissociation into monomers of serum transthyretin by 4M urea isoelectric focusing suggested a higher tetrameric stability of transthyretin in [Met119]transthyretin carriers, in contrast to a lower stability in [Met30]transthyretin carriers. The compound heterozygotes presented a pattern similar to the normal individuals. Our results suggest that the protective clinical effect of the Met119 mutation possibly involves the stabilisation of the tetrameric structure of transthyretin. Whether this behaviour correlates with the different metabolism found for the two variants is not known. The approaches reported here open some possibilities for the study and development of future therapeutic agents of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.     

Synthesis and pharmacological activities of some 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,5]benzo[f]thiazepines

For the purpose of prophylactic treatment of splenic aneurysms, both examinations and treatments should be minimally invasive. Here, we report a case of a patient who underwent three-dimensional arterial computed tomography (CT) and laparoscope-assisted splenectomy with aneurysm resection as a combination of minimally invasive examination and treatment.     

Thermodynamic assessment of Mg deoxidation reaction of liquid iron and equilibria of [Mg]‐[Al]‐[O] and [Mg]‐[S]‐[O]

The deoxidation reaction of magnesium was investigated thermodynamically employing the equilibrium system between magnesium vapour and liquid iron in the molybdenum chamber sealed with an iron cover at 1873 K as a fundamental study to address the clean steel production technology in the steelmaking process. The previously reported thermodynamic data for magnesium deoxidation reaction are limitedly in good agreement with only their respective specific Mg concentration range, but fail to explain the thermodynamic equilibria generally over the wider range of magnesium concentration beyond the limited range. Therefore, the equilibrium constant, K_Mg for the magnesium deoxidation reaction as well as the first and second‐order interaction parameters between magnesium and oxygen were determined over the extensive magnesium mass content range covering up to 0.04 %. Furthermore, the phase stability diagram based on the equilibria of [Mg]‐[Al]‐[O] in liquid iron for the purpose of controlling the oxide inclusions in the steelmaking process was accomplished using the determined thermodynamic parameters. The equilibria of [Mg]‐[S]‐[O] were also discussed in order to evaluate the utilisation of Mg as a desulphurizing agent as well as deoxidizer in the production process of low carbon steels.