蒸汽发生器湿保养除氧方法试验研究

探讨了蒸汽发生器（ＳＧ）湿保养期间，低温催化联氨除氧方法中催化剂对磷酸盐——联氨水质ｐＨ的影响，并对温度、催化剂用量、联氨用量对联氨除氧速率和除氧效率的影响进行了试验研究．试验结果表明：温度、催化剂用量、联氨用量对除氧速率和除氧效果有一定的影响．温度为３５℃，联氨用量为氧含量的６倍，对苯二酚略高于１０μｇ／Ｌ时，２０分钟可将水中氧含量降至１００μｇ／Ｌ以下，当对苯二酚为５０μｇ／Ｌ时，３分钟之后氧含量就可低于１００μｇ／Ｌ，２０分钟后可低于１０μｇ／Ｌ．     

肼为还原剂催化还原U(Ⅵ)制备U(Ⅳ)的工艺条件

研究了硝酸体系中以铂黑为催化剂、肼为还原剂还原制备U(Ⅳ)的工艺条件,考察了硝酸浓度、肼浓度、反应温度、催化剂用量等对U(Ⅵ)转化率及副反应的影响。当铀浓度为0.90mol/L时,优化的工艺条件为：初始硝酸浓度0.80mol/L,初始肼浓度1.0mol/L左右,反应温度60℃,反应液25mL时催化剂铂黑用量为0.2g,反应3h后U(Ⅵ)的转化率大于99%。     

影响固定化纯种氨氧化细菌Comamonas aquatic LNL_3短程硝化过程因素动力学分析

用辐射共聚产物为载体将氨氧化细菌水生丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas aquatic LNL3)固定化,研究了温度、pH、碱度、溶解氧等因子对短程硝化氨氧化速率的影响,建立了四个主要影响因子的动力学模型,分析了它们对短程硝化过程的灵敏度.实验结果表明,该固定化氨氧化细菌短程硝化最适温度、pH、碱度、溶解氧分别为30℃、8.5、7.14(碱度,NH4+.N)和4.03 mg/L,灵敏度分析表明,状态参数对固定化氨氧化细菌短程硝化过程的氨氧化速率的影响为pH值>温度>碱度>DO.     

芬顿氧化法预处理放射性废离子交换树脂

为了对放射性废树脂进行预处理,使用芬顿试剂对其进行了氧化降解预处理实验研究。通过正交试验获得了实验操作的合理条件：当过氧化氢的初始浓度为4.0 mol/L、亚铁离子的初始浓度为20 mmol/L、反应时间为4 h、反应温度为95 ℃、溶液的初始pH值为2.5时,该法对3种不同的含铀废湿树脂(50 g)均有理想的降解效果。反应进行2 h后废树脂被完全分解,残液中化学需氧量(COD)的去除率达97%以上,由8.0 ～10.0 g/L降至0.2～0.3 g/L,且吸收液中铀含量无明显增加。实验结果表明,芬顿试剂对放射性废离子交换树脂有较好的氧化降解效果。     

离子选择电极法测定铀及铀铌合金中的微量氮

采用离子选择电极分析技术测量了铀及铀铌合金中的微量氮,确定了ISA作为离子强度调节剂缓冲溶液时该方法的最佳试验条件.结果表明,温度控制在(25±1)℃、pH=4.5～5.0,铵离子电极检测下限为0.03mg/L,回收率为85%～98%,方法的测量相对标准偏差小于15%;在氮含量为30～80 μg/g范围内,测氮结果与传...     

高氯酸体系中肼为还原剂催化还原U(Ⅵ)的反应动力学

开展了高氯酸体系中以肼为还原剂,铂黑为催化剂催化还原U(Ⅵ)的动力学研究。通过考察U(Ⅵ)浓度、肼浓度、酸度以及催化剂用量等条件对反应过程的影响,确定了该反应的初始动力学速率方程为-dc(UO22+)/dt=kc0.39(UO22+)c0.36(N2H5+)c-0.51(H+),在60℃、固液比0.002kg/L时,速率常数k=3.2×10-3(mol/L)0.76/min。研究了温度对反应速率的影响,结果表明,在20～75℃范围内,随着温度升高,反应速率加快,反应过程由化学反应控制转变为扩散控制过程。并在此基础上推测了可能的反应机理,认为肼在催化剂表面的吸附分解是整个反应的控制步骤。     

两种土著水生植物对铀矿坑水的修复能力研究

通过野外采样、室内分析和水培实验,研究了某废弃铀矿坑水中的土著水生植物大薸(Pistia stratiotes L.)和凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)对铀矿坑水的原位修复能力。野外采样分析结果表明,大薸和凤眼莲对废弃铀矿坑水中的铀有极强的富集能力。废弃铀矿坑水中铀浓度在0.4~0.6mg/L之间,高出国家排放标准(GB 23727—2009)规定值(0.05mg/L)的10倍左右。废弃铀矿坑水中土著水生植物大薸和凤眼莲根系平均铀含量分别为1 015.40mg/kg(干重)和504.87mg/kg(干重);富集系数分别为2 071和1 001。水培实验结果表明,大薸对铀矿坑水中铀的去除能力与植物生长期、生物量和覆盖水体面积呈正相关。生长后期(单株生物量鲜重≥100g)的大薸、凤眼莲,投加量为100g/L时,10d可将铀矿坑水中铀浓度由1.93mg/L降至0.03mg/L以下,去除率达到98%以上。SEM-EDS结果表明,大薸和凤眼莲在酸性条件下与水体中的铀结晶矿化,生成纳米片状晶体堆簇在根系表面;在碱性条件下(接近废弃铀矿坑水的pH值时),未出现类似矿化结晶体。表明大薸和凤眼莲对于不同酸度的铀废水体系有不同的修复机理。     

凹凸棒石与硫酸亚铁协同吸附铀

通过静态吸附实验,研究了pH值、吸附时间、铀初始质量浓度、吸附剂用量等因素对凹凸棒石及凹凸棒石与硫酸亚铁协同吸附铀的影响,从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析,并通过红外光谱（IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）探讨了其吸附机理。结果表明,当温度为25 ℃、pH值为5.0、凹凸棒石投加量为15 g/L、铀初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附反应30 min时,凹凸棒石对UO²⁺₂的吸附率达89.5%,饱和吸附量可达40.8 mg/g以上;加硫酸亚铁后,凹凸棒石和硫酸亚铁协同吸附铀的效果大幅提高,在25 ℃、pH值为6.5、凹凸棒石用量20 g/L、FeSO₄用量1 g/L、铀初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附时间30 min时,凹凸棒石和硫酸亚铁协同对UO²⁺₂的吸附率达99.9%以上,经处理的含铀废水能达国标排放。凹凸棒石对UO²⁺₂的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温线;凹凸棒石及其协同体系对UO²⁺₂的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学方程。凹凸棒石吸附铀前后的红外光谱表明,凹凸棒石主要是通过羟基、胺基等基团与铀络合进行吸附的。     

分光光度法测定中国实验快堆三回路水中的联氨

建立了以紫外-可见分光光度计测定水中联氨的方法,并对显色条件、仪器分析条件进行了优化。在稀盐酸溶液中,联氨与对二甲氨基苯甲醛((CH3)2NC6H4CHO)反应,生成黄色偶氮化合物,并被分光光度计检测。结果表明:在458nm处吸光度值最大;当盐酸浓度为1%,显色剂用量为10mL,显色时间为10min时,显色效果较好;该方法的线性范围是5～200μg/L,联氨的回收率为(101.1±1.9)%。此法已用于中国实验快堆三回路的水质分析,结果令人满意。     

硝酸体系中铂催化肼还原U(Ⅵ)的反应动力学

开展了硝酸体系中以肼为还原剂、铂黑为催化剂催化还原U(Ⅵ)的动力学研究。通过考察U(Ⅵ)浓度、肼浓度、酸度以及催化剂用量等条件对反应过程的影响,确定了反应的初始动力学速率方程为-dc(UO²⁺₂)dt=kc^0.44(UO²⁺₂)c^0.19(N₂H⁺₅)c^-0.23(H⁺),在60 ℃、固液比r_S/L=2.0 g/L时,速率常数k=2.6×10^-3 (mol/L)^0.6/min。研究了温度对反应速率的影响,结果表明,在20~75 ℃范围内,随着温度升高,反应速率加快,反应过程由动力学控制转变为扩散控制过程。对比了硝酸体系与高氯酸体系的反应动力学实验数据,发现相同条件下硝酸体系的反应速率明显低于高氯酸体系,并分析了其中的原因。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.