高职院校新生入学教育对策

本文从分析高职新生特点出发，提出了要重视和加强高职新生思想政治意识引导、学习引导、心理健康教育和新生自律自治教育的入学教育思路。     

Screening licensing examinations for accuracy.

In the version of the Examination for the Professional Practice of Psychology administered nationally to candidates for state licensing in April, 1987, there appeared at least two questions that were of questionable accuracy when scored as prescribed. Despite the fact that the accuracy of the items was called into question at least 6 months prior to the examination date, the Examination Committee of the American Association of State Psychology Boards (AASPB) declines to delete the two items. The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Psychology, which had unanimously challenged the items, discovered that 5 of its applicants for licensing had failed the examination on the basis of "wrong" answers to the challenged questions. As a result, the Massachusetts Board voted to grant licenses to the 5 psychologists in question. The implications of these events are significant for other psychology licensing boards across the country. Prior review of the draft examinations should be undertaken regularly, and in setting passing scores, state licensing boards should take account of inappropriate items that are retained by the AASPB Examination Committee. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Investigations into the significance of routine health examinations for tuberculosis in teachers based on the analysis of results of extraordinary health examinations

School teachers are regarded as one of the danger groups in contracting tuberculosis infection and are subjected to strict tuberculosis controls, since when they develop tuberculosis, many school children are exposed to infection to the disease. However, the recent decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in Japan has led to disputes concerning the significance of routine mass health examinations for tuberculosis. In this study, the significance of routine health examinations for tuberculosis in teachers was investigated by the analysis of the results of extraordinary health examinations carried out for tuberculosis in teachers as the index cases. A total of 496 extraordinary health examinations were carried out by Nagoya City from 1975 to 1986 and by Aichi Prefecture from 1980 to 1995. In 49 instances of these examinations, teachers were regarded as index cases, which included 25 teachers of public primary, middle or high schools and 14 teachers of private schools, including private instructors for piano, painting or calligraphy, and teachers for supplementary education. The results of these examinations in both groups were compared, regarding the routes of notification, the disease status of the index cases, and the frequency and the scale of the infections of tuberculosis observed among contacts with the index cases. "Group infections of tuberculosis" was defined as instances the infection in which 20 or more cases were infected by the index case, "small scale group infection" as 5-19 infected cases, and "cases with infection" as 1-4 infected cases. The result obtained were as follows. 1. The response rates to routine health examinations were 99.9% in the teachers of public primary, middle or high schools, and about 20-30% in the teachers of private schools. 2. The proportion of the cases notefied by routine examinations were 68.0% in the former group and 21.4% in the latter group. The cases notefied before the onset of the symptoms in the former group was significantly more frequent than in the latter group. 3. In the former group, no far advanced cases were identified, whereas 2 (14.3%) far advanced cases were identified in the latter group. The cases with amount of tubercle bacilli in sputum exceed 3 on the Gaffky scale were 32.0% in the former group and 61.5% in the latter group. 4. One (4.0%) case of the "group infections of tuberculosis" was observed in the former group, and 2 (14.3%) cases in the latter group. "Small scale group infection" was observed in 4.0% of the former group and in 21.4% of the latter group, and "cases with infection" in 8.0% of the former group and in 35.7% of the latter group. The frequency and the scale of the infections of tuberculosis observed among contacts with the index cases was significantly smaller in the former group than in the latter group. In conclusion, routine health examinations for tuberculosis for teachers seems valuable for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis cases and for the prevension of the infection of tuberculosis in schools.     

Americanization in our schools for the deaf. 1921

A definition of a surgical access in laparoscopic interventions is formulated. The importance of use of various surgical accesses is stressed. The results of treatment of 410 patients with calculous cholecystitis are analysed. 72 of the patients have been previously operated on abdominal cavity. The cause of technical mistakes and failures are analysed. The original method of ultrasound evaluation of abdominal cavity adhesions in patients, who had been operated on previously is proposed. The method was used in 45 patients, and in 95% of the cases the evaluation was perfectly accurate. Indications for use of a particular surgical access, depending on a site of a previous operation, are formulated. The method of an open laparoscopy is described. It is indicated in case of previously performed low-middle laparotomy and ultrasonic picture of adhesions in the umbilical region; in umbilical hernias; in big and multiple choleliths (more than 30 cubic cm of total volume).     

Optimal timing of retina examinations for premature infants

Developments in modern neonatal intensive care have resulted in increased survival of very premature infants. Along with this increase in survival, there has been a concomitant increase in the frequency of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We investigated the relationship between the severity and the time course of ROP as well as the optimal time for retinal examinations of premature infants of various birth weights and gestational ages. A total of 80 premature infants were enrolled for analysis. The mean postnatal age of infants at the time of diagnosis was 7.3 +/- 3.4 weeks for stage 1 retinopathy, 9.2 +/- 5.8 for stage 2 retinopathy, 9.5 +/- 3.8 for stage 3 retinopathy, 10.7 +/- 3.7 for threshold disease, and 11.7 +/- 3.2 for stage 4 retinopathy. The mean postconceptional age of infants at the time of diagnosis was 35 +/- 3 for stage 1 retinopathy, 36.4 +/- 3 for stage 2 retinopathy, 37.6 +/- 3.5 for stage 3 retinopathy, 38.4 +/- 3.5 for threshold disease, and 40 +/- 3.7 for stage 4 retinopathy. The age at the time of the initial detection of ROP was from the ninth to 10th week among infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth and from the fifth to seventh week among those weighing 1,000 g or more at birth. However, the postconceptional age at the time of initial detection of ROP for the whole group was 36 weeks and was not influenced by birth weight or gestational age. Therefore, we suggest that postconceptional age, rather than postnatal age, should be used to decide the timing of retinal examinations for premature infants.     

论大学生自主学习的高考制度创新

引导大学生自主学习,培养大学生的自主学习能力,已逐步成为高等教育工作者的共识.如何促进大学生的自主学习,关键取决于两个方面:就学生而言,要树立自主学习的观念,强调学习的自主性、主动性、自觉性、有效性;就教育制度而言,要建立与大学生自主学习相匹配的高考招生制度、学籍管理制度、学生管理制     

Alteration of drinking pattern after the entrance of university

Three hundred fifty-nine freshmen and freshwomen of Tokai University and Tamagawa University were examined for alcohol habituelle using questionnaires on life style and club activity as well as the established questionnaires of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement scale (AAIS). The scores of AAIS of the male and female students were 30.6 and 27.7, respectively. About 10% of the subjects were revealed to be alcohol misusers. In both sexes, the drinking patterns remarkably changed after the entrance of university. Even in females, the drinking pattern markedly changed. The grade of club activity is one of factors influencing the drinking pattern of students. Especially big changes were observed in the students of cultural clubs.     

全连续冷连轧机开卷区自动控制系统

河北中钢全连续冷连轧机组中开卷区控制采用Siemens PLC,实现了逻辑控制、速度控制、张力控制和区域跟踪,取得了令人满意的控制效果。     

Cancer curricula for secondary schools: making the right choice

The American Cancer Society has produced and distributed for use in secondary schools a curriculum package entitled Right Choices. This article considers the development, testing, and marketing of the new cancer education program. Of particular interest is the selection of the theoretical perspective, evaluation methodology, and marketing strategy employed in its production, given the direction in which the field of health education is moving and the political context in which the curriculum has emerged. The author concludes that in selecting cancer prevention curricula for the schools, making the right choice may not be as simple as adopting what is available from the American Cancer Society. The case of Right Choices also serves to illuminate concerns about the American Cancer Society raised by others and bolsters the call for an examination of the organization's role in an effort to control cancer.     

Children''s refusal of gynecologic examinations for suspected sexual abuse

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is a common finding in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. However, little is known about the pathophysiology underlying this phenomenon and about the time course of hyposmia in seasonal allergy. METHODS: A prospective controlled study was performed on 17 patients with allergic rhinitis to grass pollen in order to evaluate olfactory function in correlation to the duration of allergen exposition, symptoms, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions, and nasal volume flow (NVF). Olfactory function was evaluated preseasonally and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 of the season using a modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center testing procedure for threshold, identification, and discrimination. Twelve volunteers without allergy served as controls. RESULTS: Preseasonally, patients and controls performed equally in discrimination and identification testing, but not in threshold testing. No changes were found in the controls, but a significant decrease in threshold and identification from the 7th day of the season in patients with allergy was noted that was better correlated to ECP than to NVF. NVF was already maximally decreased from the 3rd intraseasonal day with no further changes. ECP increase became significant at day 14. CONCLUSION: Patients with grass pollen allergy develop olfactory dysfunction during natural allergen exposure that might be related to allergic inflammatory mechanisms.     

Psychologists for the public schools: A training program.

"Psychological services in the public schools face a demand there is no hope of meeting in the foreseeable future… . Our concept of training at Peabody… has grown out of a belief that psychology's contribution to the schools might well lie in the three not unrelated aspects of the field… current knowledge of human behavior, skills in interpersonal relations, and research ability." The school psychologist curriculum is described. Students "take basic courses in experimental, personality theory, developmental, learning, measurement, and social psychology." Emphasis is placed on research training and training in clinical skills. "The core seminar makes heavy use of the experiences students acquire in the demonstration-training center which Peabody has established in a nearby town as a central aspect of the program." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Needle entrance into the maxillary sinus during retrobulbar anesthesia

Three patients are presented to whom an accidental needle entrance into the maxillary sinus occurred during retrobulbar anesthesia. In all cases air was aspirated during the aspiration check at the end of needle advancement, and the patients reported a bitter taste after the injection of a small quantity of anesthetic. After withdrawal and careful reinsertion of the needle, maxillary sinus entrance was avoided and a successful retrobulbar block was achieved. Two of the patients had no history of previous facial trauma or surgery, whereas the third had suffered a recent blowout fracture of the orbital floor. The authors suggest that air aspiration or anesthetic passage into the pharynx during retrobulbar anesthesia should raise the suspicion of maxillary sinus entrance, even in patients without any history of facial trauma or surgery. The early recognition of sinus entrance can prevent retrobulbar block failure and reinjection of a second anesthetic dose.     

A risk management program for dental schools

Risk management is an organized activity designed to reduce the risk of legal claims and minimize the awards that arise as a result of professional and general negligence by the staff of an institution. As a result of the malpractice crisis, the accompanying unprecedented rise in insurance costs, and the transformation of dental school clinics to include the role of providing services to the community, Risk Management Programs are assuming an ever-increasing prominence. This article describes the development and organization of the Risk Management Program at one school.     

Strategy for selecting organization development interventions for schools.

Organization development (OD) is viewed increasingly as an appropriate function for school psychologists. OD interventions provide school psychologists with useful methods of influencing school climate and adaptability, regardless of whether the interventions are used in the context of a large-scale program or as limited, circumscribed OD efforts. Estimates of the frequency of OD in schools, however, remain low. We think that OD efforts in the schools will increase when school psychological practice incorporates the complete range of OD interventions. To this end, we present a four-step strategy for selecting among the broad range of OD interventions applicable in schools. In developing this strategy, we adapted existing classification schemes for OD interventions to serve as our selection criteria. The four steps in the selection strategy include consideration of (a) target group size and complexity, (b) breadth of organizational domains targeted for intervention, (c) depth of interventions, and (d) time requirements of interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)