线膨胀系数对拉伸剪切性能的影响

为获得高强稳定的粘接,绝不可忽视被粘材料和胶黏剂的线膨胀系数对粘接件力学性能的影响。西北工业大学理学院高分子研究所对此进行了专门实验研究,采用改性环氧胶黏剂粘接不同的材料,并对粘接件进行拉伸剪切强度测定和温度影响试验,试验条件为120℃／8h＋180℃／2d,得出了很有价值的结论：（1）被粘材料线膨胀系数不同,使胶层在热冷（热处理和冷却）变化过程中受内应力作用而破坏,同时热空气进入胶层而使胶层氧化变色,致使胶黏剂界面结合强度和胶黏剂本身强度降低,结果拉伸剪切强度下降。例如,     

磷酸–硫酸阳极氧化对铝合金表面粘接性能的影响

研究了磷酸–硫酸阳极氧化对铝合金2A50表面粘接性能的影响,并与喷砂处理进行比较。阳极氧化液组成与工艺条件为:磷酸70g/L,硫酸50g/L,草酸7g/L,甘油20g/L,温度(22±2)℃,电压20V,时间35min。采用扫描电镜观察经阳极氧化处理和经喷砂处理的铝合金表面、粘接界面、破坏界面的微观形貌,利用能谱仪分析阳极氧化膜的组成。结果表明,磷酸–硫酸阳极氧化可明显提高铝合金粘接副的拉伸剪切强度和粘接耐久性能。分析了磷酸–硫酸阳极氧化的成膜特点及电解液主要成分的作用,解释了阳极氧化处理后铝合金的粘接性能优于喷砂处理的原因。     

激光表面处理提高铝合金胶接接头强度的研究

粘接作为重要的汽车轻量化连接技术之一,胶接接头的强度和性能是我们关注的重点,胶接接头的强度和性能完全取决于胶粘剂接触的表面类型,因此在粘接之前对基材表面进行一定处理是粘接工艺中最重要的环节之一。金属的表面处理包括溶剂擦拭、机械打磨、化学清洗和酸蚀。激光表面处理是一种新型绿色环保的表面处理工艺,它可以高速有效的清洁材料表面附着物,并且改变材料表面微观结构及材料表面自由能及浸润性。从而提高粘接接头十字拉伸强度、单搭接拉伸剪切强度和接头耐水性能。通过激光处理,所有接头的破坏形式由界面破坏转为内聚破坏。对铝合金环氧结构胶2098G胶接接头而言,十字拉伸强度、剪切强度和水浴剪切强度,激光处理后比溶剂擦拭分别提高了17.8%,133.8%,88.1%。对铝合金聚氨酯结构胶TS6015胶接接头而言,十字拉伸强度、剪切强度和水浴剪切强度,激光处理后比溶剂擦拭分别提高了698%,225%,223%。激光表面处理有效的使铝合金胶接接头的强度达到胶的本体强度的94%~100%,是铝合金粘接的有效表面处理方法。     

材料线膨胀系数对拉伸剪切性能的影响

为了研究被粘接材料的线膨胀系数对胶接件拉伸剪切性能的影响,用改性环氧树脂(EP)胶粘剂粘接不同材料,并对该胶接件进行拉伸剪切强度试验和温度影响试验。研究结果表明,被粘接材料的线膨胀系数不同会导致胶层在热冷变化过程中受到内应力作用而破坏,同时热空气进入胶层会导致胶层氧化变色,致使胶粘剂界面结合强度和胶粘剂自身强度降低;两种被粘接材料的线膨胀系数差异越大,经热冷变化后胶接件的拉伸剪切性能越低;在相同条件下,热冷变化温差越大,胶接件的拉伸剪切性能越低。     

J-133胶黏剂铝合金胶接接头湿热老化性能的研究

选取J-133环氧结构胶黏剂,制备铝合金胶接接头。通过在湿热条件下对试样进行环境试验,对结构胶黏剂和胶接接头的耐久性进行了评价。采用TG、IR和光学显微镜分别对胶黏剂样品变化和胶接接头破坏面形貌进行分析。分析结果表明:该胶黏剂在55℃和80℃,2200h湿热老化后剪切强度下降分别超过5%和7%;胶黏剂热失重峰温度下降,发生了断链分解;断链反应发生在固化生成的新官能团部位;胶接界面层和胶黏剂层都受到了水分的影响。     

改性丙烯酸酯结构胶黏剂的研制

研制了一种对粘接表面处理要求不严格的丙烯酸酯结构胶黏剂.胶黏剂体系中加入粘接促进剂含磷丙烯酸酯,使铝合金表面在除油的情况下,丁腈橡胶含量在16%时,剥离强度可达到4.5N/mm,剪切强度达到28.3MPa.胶黏剂在耐水1000h后,20℃剪切强度为27.6MPa,100℃剪切强度为11.9MPa.胶黏剂在100℃老化5...     

表面处理对铝合金粘接修理性能的影响

GFRP粘接修复损伤铝板,粘接前对损伤铝合金表面采用不同浓度的硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560进行处理,以未经偶联剂处理的铝板为对照组,通过拉伸试验与湿热试验研究偶联剂处理对修复效果的影响。试验结果表明:两种偶联剂KH550、KH560处理铝合金效果相当,铝板表面经1%~2%浓度的偶联剂溶液处理不仅有较高的初始强度,而且耐湿热性能也得到提高;湿热处理使不同表面处理的修理试样力学性能发生明显下降,同时,湿热环境对铝板-胶层之间粘接界面的渗透破坏要强于其对胶层-GFRP之间的界面破坏,铝板-胶层界面粘接强度的下降是引起试样性能下降的主要原因。     

石墨烯改性环氧树脂胶黏剂的制备及其力学性能研究

以不同含量(0.25%,0.5%及0.75%)的石墨烯纳米片(GNP)改性环氧树脂胶黏剂,分别通过未改性及改性后的环氧树脂胶黏剂制成单搭接胶接结构,对比研究改性前后的环氧树脂胶黏剂的拉伸剪切性能。试验结果显示,经过石墨烯改性后的环氧树脂胶黏剂的拉伸剪切强度和韧性得到了明显的提升,但随着石墨烯含量的增加,胶接结构断裂破坏的峰值载荷、最大位移量都是先增加后减少的,在石墨烯质量分数为0.5%的时候,各值达到最大。文中提出的以掺入石墨烯纳米片来提高环氧树脂胶黏剂的力学性能为实际的工程应用提供了很好的参考。     

金属工件的表面处理及胶接工艺对胶接剪切强度的影响

采用环氧树脂-DDS固化体系作为胶接剂,探讨了各种金属表面处理方法、胶接时对胶接面施加的压力、胶层厚度等因素对胶接剪切强度的影响.结果表明,对不锈钢工件采用盐酸氧化法及草酸-硫酸氧化法进行表面处理,得到的胶接剪切强度最好;对铝合金工件采用硅酸磷酸钠法进行表面处理,得到的胶接剪切强度最高.胶接时对胶接面施加0.1～0.4Mpa的压力、胶层厚度在0.10～0.23 mm范围内时胶接效果最好.由于处理液对金属表面产生适度的化学腐蚀,改变了金属表面的物理化学性质,表现出更好的可浸润性和更强的表面吸附力,可以有效地提高胶接剪切强度.     

表面处理剂对隔热层粘接性能的研制

为提高隔热层粘接强度,采用材料拉伸强度测试方法,研究了空气湿度、处理剂浓度对常温固化磷酸盐胶黏剂粘接隔热层力学性能的影响.研究表明.当处理剂浓度为5%,空气湿度为70%.处理剂处理的隔热层可以在20～1200℃达到隔热层深层破坏,而且粘接强度还得到较大提高,表明该处理剂可以显著提高隔热层的粘接强度.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。