约束弧等离子体制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒的性能

采用约束弧等离子体技术制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和N2吸附等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形貌、微观结构、比表面积和粒度等特征进行表征分析。结果表明：采用约束弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的核？壳结构,内核金属为体心立方结构的铁,外壳为无定形碳。颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在15～40nm范围内,平均粒径为30nm,内核粒径为18nm,外层碳的厚度为6～8nm,比表面积为24m2/g。     

镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其性能

采用超声场下原位聚合法制备镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料,并采用x射线衍射仪(XRD)和HP8510网络分析仪研究其结构和电磁性能.结果表明:十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂后的聚苯胺是部分结晶的,镍铁氧体与聚苯胺分子链之间存在某些相瓦作用;与聚苯胺相比,镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的介电损耗角正切值tanδ<,ε>与磁损耗角正切值tanδ<,m>都增大;镍铁氧体含量为5%和15%(质量分数)的复合材料分别具有最大的tanδ<,ε>暝值和最大tanδ<,m>值;镍铁氧体含量为15%的试样在8～18 GHz范围内综合吸波性能最好,具有最大衰减-23.4 dB,-8 dB带宽为5.73 GHz.     

碳包覆纳米铜粒子的制备及抗氧化性能

以碳粉和铜粉为原料,碳粉和铜粉的质量比分别为4:1、3:2、2:3、1:4时,采用碳弧法制备4种碳包覆纳米铜粒子;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对样品的物相结构组成、形貌、尺寸、相组成以及抗氧化性能进行研究;并对影响碳包覆纳米铜粒子粒径以及制备速率的因素进行研究。结果表明:碳包覆纳米铜粒子具有典型的核壳型结构,内核为面心立方的金属铜,外壳为石墨碳层;碳包覆铜纳米颗粒的粒径为20~60nm,粒径随着样品电极中的金属铜含量、放电电流、反应气压的增加而增大;随着样品电极中金属铜含量的增加以及放电电流的增大,碳包覆纳米铜粒子的制备速率加快,而反应气压对制备速率没有明显的影响;随着铜含量的增加,内部铜核具有进一步晶化的趋向,铜对外层碳层的石墨化具有催化作用,铜含量越高碳的石墨化程度越明显;外面的碳层能有效阻止内核的纳米铜粒子的氧化,碳包覆纳米铜粒子比纯铜粉末表现出更好的抗氧化性能。     

碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒制备与电化学性能研究

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术制备了核壳结构碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒,并采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和表面物理吸附仪等测试技术对样品的微观结构进行研究。并利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电以及交流阻抗等技术研究其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:直流电弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,内核为面心立方结构的氧化镍纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为立方体结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在30～70 nm范围,平均粒径为50 nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5 nm。碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有较高的比容量和良好的电化学活性。     

乙醇中锆丝电爆炸法制备碳包覆ZrC纳米颗粒

采用在有机液体中进行金属丝电爆炸的方法制备了碳包覆纳米颗粒。以无水乙醇为介质,向高纯度锆丝中施加高压脉冲电流,金属丝在高密度电流的下迅速熔化、气化、膨胀并爆炸,伴随着高温、高压条件下碳的析出和反应、包覆过程,制备出纳米粉体颗粒,对电爆炸过程中的能量、电流、电压进行了测试和分析,通过XRD、TEM、HTEM等分析了产物特征。结果表明：产物为球状碳包覆结构的碳化锆纳米颗粒,粒径分布在10-150nm之间;在4kv、8kv、12kv电压下,产物平均粒径分别为24.9nm、41.1nm、43.9nm。最后,对碳包覆纳米ZrC颗粒的形成机理进行了初步的探讨。     

爆轰法制备碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒及其表征

对掺杂硝酸铁和硝酸镍复合炸药前驱体,采用爆轰法合成碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒。通过XRD,TEM,XRF,VSM等方法对合成的碳包覆合金纳米颗粒的形貌特征、结构组成及磁性行为进行了分析表征。结果表明,通过有效调整前驱体中金属源材料比例和碳材料组成,可爆轰合成较为完美的核壳结构碳包覆铁镍纳米颗粒,所得球形的纳米颗粒尺寸主要分布在10～60nm范围内且分散性较好,组成核主要由不同比例的铁镍元素构成,外壳层主要由石墨碳构成;由室温下磁性分析可知,该纳米颗粒表现出良好的超顺磁性。     

聚苯胺包覆法制备纳米LiFePO_4/C核壳复合材料及其表征（英文）

采用聚苯胺包覆法合成了具有核壳结构的纳米LiFePO_4/C复合材料。聚苯胺包覆层对限制先驱体FePO_4的粒径起着关键性的作用。反应热力学理论计算和实验结论都表明制备FePO_4/PANI最适宜的pH值约为5。FePO4/PANI复合物的粒径由苯胺添加量决定,当添加的苯胺与FePO_4摩尔比为0.44时,可以合成粒径约50 nm的FePO4/PANI复合物。经过碳热还原过程,FePO_4表面的聚苯胺层转化为LiFePO_4表面导电性良好的碳包覆层。采用优化工艺合成的LiFePO_4/C颗粒近似球体,粒径约为55 nm,碳包覆层厚度约为2 nm,0.2和1 C倍率下放电比容量约为136 mAh.g~(-1),在10、20、30和40 C倍率下放电比容量分别为118,103,94和87 mAh·g~(-1),高倍率下放电比容量和循环性能明显优于固相法合成的LiFePO_4材料。.     

碳包覆坡莫合金纳米粒子磁流体制备及表征

用热解(pyrogenation)-退火(anneal)法制备了碳包覆坡莫合金纳米粒子(carbon encapsulated permalloynanoparticles,CEPNPs),选用油酸为表面活性剂,煤油为载液,采用机械球磨法制备出CEPNPs磁流体.用XRD,粒度分析仪和HRTEM分析了CEPNPs的物相组成、粒度分布和微观形貌;用磁天平法测定了CEPNPs磁流体的磁性能;用旋转粘度仪探讨了其流变学性能.结果表明:制备的CEPNPs具有壳/内核包覆结构,平均粒径在75nm左右;以其制备的磁流体外观呈黑色粘稠状,稳定性好,在无磁场条件下磁流体粘度随转子转速的增大而减小,有外磁场时,磁流体粘度随磁场强度增大而增大.     

PANI/Ag-TiO2纳米纤维复合材料的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用水热法制备Ag掺杂量不同的Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料,通过原位聚合法制备PANI/Ag-TiO2纳米纤维复合材料,利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR等检测技术对复合材料的结构进行了表征。研究了光源、Ag掺杂量、不同实验菌种等因素对PANI/Ag-TiO2纳米纤维复合材料抗菌性能的影响。结果表明：在无光照射情况下,PANI/Ag-TiO2纳米纤维复合材料具有良好的抗菌性能,在长波紫外光照射情况下,抗菌性能进一步增强。在浓度1 mg/mL时,在无需光照的情况下对4种实验菌种杀菌率均达到99.99%。     

聚苯胺-蒙脱土纳米复合材料的耐腐蚀性能

在聚合温度为25℃，蒙脱土质量含量为苯胺的0．5％，过硫酸铵和苯胺的摩尔比为1：1，掺杂剂磺基水杨酸摩尔浓度为0．03mol／L的实验条件下，运用插层聚合的方法制备出PAT—MMT复合纳米材料。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表明：在NaCl质量含量为3．5％的腐蚀环境中，该复合纳米材料作为冷轧钢的涂层，耐蚀效果并不理想；与环氧树脂面涂料配合使用，耐蚀效果明显提高；在盐酸摩尔浓度为1mol／L的腐蚀环境中，沥青涂料是比环氧树脂更好的面涂料。浸泡试验表明：在上述两种腐蚀环境中，以聚苯胺一蒙脱土复合材料作为冷轧钢的底涂料，沥青涂料作为面涂料，45天后没有发现腐蚀现象。     

直流电弧等离子体制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒

采用直流电弧等离子体技术制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒,对初产物经过钝化处理得到有氧化膜保护的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒.采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、热重和差示扫描量热分析仪(TGA/DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)等手段对试样的成分、表面组成、形貌、晶体结构、粒度、红外吸收性能和氧化特性进行了分析.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核为纳米Ni,外壳为NiO氧化物;颗粒呈球形,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～70 nm范围,平均粒径为44 nm,壳层氧化膜的厚度为5～8 nm;壳核结构可防止纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚,且使红外吸收峰发生蓝移.     

炭/炭复合材料热膨胀性能的研究

利用热膨胀仪测定了炭/炭复合材料从室温到1300℃的热膨胀系数,研究了热处理温度、炭纤维取向和环境温度对炭/炭复合材料热膨胀性能的影响。结果表明由于热解炭是以层状的方式围绕炭纤维生长,所以其热膨胀各向异性,垂直于纤维方向的热膨胀大于平行于纤维方向的热膨胀。随着热处理温度的升高,炭/炭复合材料中具有乱层石墨结构的晶体有序度增加,石墨化度增大,石墨片层间的范德华作用力增强,热膨胀系数减小。随着环境温度的升高热膨胀系数先增大后减小,在1200℃有最大值。     

Preparation of composite electroheat carbon film

1INTRODUCTIONThe electroheat carbon fil mis a newfunction-al electroheat fil m developed based on the electro-heat coating.Due to its good electroheat propertyand equivalent volume resistivity as nickel at roomtemperature,it can be widely used in electroheator relevant advanced technological fields such asportable low-voltage electric food warmer,ricecooker and heater,as a kind of lowvoltage electro-heat material[15].The existing electroheat coatingdeveloped by Acme chemicals&Insulating o…     

Fabrication and characteristics of composite containing HCl-doped polyaniline and Ni nanoparticles

HCl-doped polyaniline powder (HCl-PANI) was synthesized using a polymerization procedure and then Ni nanoparticles were deposited on the HCl-PANI at room temperature by direct current magnetron sputtering. After this process the HCl-PANI–Ni composite was obtained. Ni nanoparticle size ranges from 5 nm to 20 nm in the composite. HCl-PANI structure is not influenced by the Ni nanoparticles. The composite pellet exhibits room temperature ferromagnetism and a conductivity of about 0.66 S/cm. A temperature dependence of the conductivity from 160 K to 290 K reveals that a carrier transport mechanism in the composite is three-dimensional variable range hopping. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that a weight loss of the HCl-PANI–Ni composite is larger than that of the HCl-PANI for the same heating temperature. The weight loss difference between the composite and the HCl-PANI increases with increasing the temperature.     

碳纳米管/镍基复合镀层的腐蚀行为

采用复合沉积方法在普通碳钢基底上沉积碳纳米管／镍基复合镀层。用腐蚀实验、电化学方法研究了复合镀层在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能，并讨论了其耐腐蚀机理，对普通碳钢和纯镍镀层也进行了比较研究。结果表明：碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能；耐腐蚀的原因在于碳纳米管的复合镀层更加致密，隔离了腐蚀介质，并阻止了蚀坑的增大，同时，碳纳米管促进了镍的纯化，从而提高镀层的耐蚀性。     

Preparation and properties of Cu matrix composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes

Cu matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were prepared. The effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical and tribological properties of the Cu matrix composites were investigated. The chemical method for coating CNTs was reported. The morphology of the fracture surfaces and worn surface were examined by SEM.The results show that Cu/coated-CNTs composites have higher hardness, much better wear resistance and antifriction properties than those of the reference Cu alloy (Cu-10Sn) and Cu/uncoated-CNTs composite sintered under the same conditions. The optimal mechanical properties of the composites occurred at 2. 25%(mass fraction) of CNTs. The excellent wear resistance and anti-friction properties are attributed to the fiber strengthening effect of CNTs and the effect of the spherical wear debris containing carbon nanotubes on the tribo-surface.     

Synthesis, characterization and microwave absorption property of doped polyaniline nanocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes

As nanomaterial possessing moderate conductivity, magnetic and dielectric property, novel hexanoic acid (HA)-doped polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposites containing TiO₂ nanoparticles (dielectric filler) and carbon nanotubes, CNTs (magnetic fillers such as single-walled carbon nanotube, SWNT and multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWNT) were prepared by template free method. The PAni were characterized by UV, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Conductivity, magnetization, dielectric and microwave absorption properties of PAni were also investigated. The resulted nanorods/tubes as shown in SEM images clearly show that polymerization is proceeded in micelle/water interface through elongation. During template free method, TiO₂ and CNT exist in the center of Ani/HA micelle. The SEM images show that some of the CNT enwrapped with PAni layer indicate CNT are just packed underneath the PAni and never attacked by PAni. PAni/HA/TiO₂/SWNT with 20% of SWNT exhibits the best microwave absorption property (99.2% absorption) with reflection loss of −21.7 dB at 6 GHz due to its moderate conductivity (1.27 S/cm), magnetization (M_s = 1.01 emu/g), highest tan δ and heterogeneity.     

原位法制备Ni纳米线/SiO2复合气凝胶催化剂

以正硅酸乙酯和硝酸镍为原料、乙二醇为还原剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥工艺制备负载金属Ni纳米线的SiO2复合气凝胶.通过BET、XRD、TEM、TPR和H2-TPD等技术,对其物相组成和活性比表面进行表征.结果表明:负载Ni主要以金属Ni单质纳米线的形态均匀分布在SiO2气凝胶三维网络骨架结构上,该纳米线直径为1～5 nm、长度为10～80nm,载体骨架结构上存在尚未还原完全的Ni;随Ni负载量的增加,Ni与载体SiO2之间的相互作用逐渐减弱,催化剂的Ni活性中心点增多;负载Ni纳米线显示出较强的热稳定性.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of immobilized composite photocatalyst (titania nanoparticle/activated carbon)

An immobilized composite photocatalyst, titania (TiO₂) nanoparticle/activated carbon (AC), was prepared and its photocatalytic activity on the degradation of textile dyes was tested. AC was prepared using Canola hull. Basic Red 18 (BR18) and Basic Red 46 (BR46) were used as model dyes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometry, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ion chromatography (IC) analyses were employed. The effects of reaction parameters such as weight percent (wt.%) of activated carbon, pH, dye concentration and anions (NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻) were investigated on dye degradation. Data showed that dyes were decolorized and degraded using novel immobilized composite photocatalyst. Formate, acetate and oxalate anions were detected as dominant aliphatic intermediates where, they were further oxidized slowly to CO₂. Nitrate, chloride and sulfate anions were detected as the photocatalytic mineralization products of dyes. Results show that novel immobilized composite photocatalyst with 2 wt.% of AC is the most effective novel immobilized composite photocatalyst to degrade of textile dyes.