染料在聚合法制备静电复印色粉中的应用及对荷电性能的影响

介绍一种采用悬浮聚合法制备彩色静电复印粉的新工艺，染料和其它添加剂是在聚合反应之前加入。测试和讨论了几种染料对色粉荷电性能的影响，并且根据FTIR测试结果分析了染料与聚合物树脂之间的相互作用情况。     

测定双组分染料浓度的两种方法比较

对测定双组分染液中染料浓度的分光光度法进行了研究.介绍了利用解联立方程组和双波长法测试的原理和方法,对测试结果进行了分析、验证.实验表明,这两种方法测定双组分混合染料中染料含量,准确度较高,方法简单,具有一定的推广应用价值.     

两种芴类敏化染料的合成及光电性能研究（加急）

将噻吩和呋喃通过缩合反应分别连接到芴的9位,再通过Vilsemier反应,对芴上噻吩或呋喃的2位进行甲酰化,最后与腈乙酸进行Knoevenagel反应,连接上锚定基团,得到两种以芴作为供电基团,以噻吩或呋喃作为π桥的染料F-S和F-O。所有的产物及中间产物均进行了~1HNMR验证。测试两种染料的光学性能后发现,虽然两种染料在结构上仅仅是一个原子之差,但是染料F-O的紫外-可见吸收光谱的最大吸收波长相对于染料F-S红移了20 nm。随后组装成电池测试其光电转换性能,结果发现染料F-O的光电转换效率(η)达到了2.76%,而染料F-S的光电转换效率仅仅为1.98%。这说明:引入合适的π桥能够大大地提高芴类染料的光电性能。     

水溶性吲哚菁染料的合成、光谱性能及其应用的研究

设计、合成了3种水溶性吲哚菁染料（发射波长：690 nm）,用核磁共振（NMR）对其进行了表征,测试了菁染料在不同溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱;为了探讨菁染料在生物分析领域的应用性,测定3种菁染料在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）两种表面活性剂胶束模拟的生理条件下的吸收和发射光谱,利用循环伏安法（CV）测定了菁染料的光稳定性,在近红外区域观察了染料对肾癌细胞的活细胞染色性能,并计算了3种菁染料的摩尔吸光系数和荧光量子产率。     

水溶性吲哚菁染料的合成、光谱性能及其应用

设计、合成了3种水溶性吲哚菁染料(发射波长:690 nm),用核磁共振波谱(NMR)对其进行了表征,测试了菁染料在不同溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱;为了探讨菁染料在生物分析领域的应用性,测定3种菁染料在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)两种表面活性剂胶束模拟的生理条件下的吸收和发射光谱,利用循环伏安法(CV)测定了菁染料的光稳定性,在近红外区域观察了染料对肾癌细胞的活细胞染色性能,并计算了3种菁染料的摩尔吸光系数和荧光量子产率。     

四碳连接臂水溶性吲哚方酸双菁染料的合成及性能

以苯肼和对肼基苯磺酸为原料合成了一种水溶性对称吲哚方酸双菁染料。最终染料用C-18反相柱进行分离提纯,通过核磁共振氢谱对染料结构进行了表征,测试其在不同溶剂中的紫外-可见吸收和荧光发射光谱。结果发现所合成双菁染料的吸收和发射光谱范围以及Stokes位移、摩尔消光系数与单菁染料相比没有大的变化,荧光量子产率小于单菁染料。     

功能性三甲川菁染料的合成及其光电性质研究

设计合成了三种三甲川吲哚菁染料,其中2种染料含有活性官能团羧基,采用高分辨质谱、核磁1H、元素分析等方法对染料Cyb3的结构进行了表征。染料在溶剂中,随着溶剂极性的增强,最大吸收及发射波长都减小,呈弱的负向化显色效应。测试了染料Cyb3在甲醇溶液中的循环伏安曲线,通过Cyb3染料的氧化还原电位值和吸收光谱截止波长,计算出染料的最低激发态能级和TiO2的导带匹配,染料给出电子而被氧化的驱动力是1.35 eV。     

分散染料粒径及分布对聚乳酸纤维混纺织物染色性能的影响

测定了C.I.分散蓝56等6种染料的上染百分率。系统地研究了影响C.I.分散蓝56分散稳定性的因素。测定了染料颗粒重量平均粒径Dw,重量比表面积Sw。应用JL9200激光粒度仪,测试进口DyStar Dianix嫩黄XF染料平均粒径约为0.85μm;染料颗粒粒径分布服从正态分布,粒径小于0.98μm的染料颗粒约占85%。对比两种国产染料的粒径测试发现都在1.6μm以上,累积平均粒径基本在8～10μm之间,是进口染料9倍,且分布不均匀。通过研究分散染料粒径与染色性能关系,选取了球磨工艺条件,得到均匀稳定分散染料液体。用研磨改进细度后分散染料染色,上色率平均提高7%以上。     

浅谈分散染料与活性染料复配技术

通过溶解度参数预测分散染料之间以及染料与纤维的相互作用,筛选和设计复配染料的组分。通过测试活性染料特征值S、E、R、F以及无机性值(I)/有机性值(O)的比值,决定单一染料的组成。运用上述两种方法预测复配染料中每一染料的性能,再通过应用实验验证,是复配技术最为有效和简便的方法。本文除了为染料企业制造复配染料提供了一项技术,也为染料应用者在三原色以外如何选用拼色中的补充染料提供了可靠的依据。     

浅谈分散染料与活性染料复配技术

通过溶解度参数预测分散染料之间以及染料与纤维的相互作用,筛选和设计复配染料的组分。通过测试活性染料特征值S、E、R、F以及无机性值(I)/有机性值(O)的比值,决定单一染料的组成。运用上述两种方法预测复配染料中每一染料的性能,再通过应用实验验证,是复配技术最为有效和简便的方法。本文除了为染料企业制造复配染料提供了一项技术,也为染料应用者在三原色以外如何选用拼色中的补充染料提供了可靠的依据。     

The synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and application of new dyeing photoinitiator systems for acrylate monomers polymerization

New symmetrical bicationic polymethine dyes were synthesized and their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were described. The bichromophoric dyes (benzothiazole, benzoxazole, indolinium derivatives) were investigated as sensitizers in the free radical photopolymerization initiated by their borate salts. The obtained kinetic results shown that bicationic polymethine dyes as the organoborate salts are much efficient photoinitiating systems of acrylate monomers polymerization than monocationic parent dyes. The rate of polymerization depends on ΔG_ET of electron transfer from borate anion to the excited singlet state of bicationic polymethine dye. The relationship between the rate of polymerization and the free energy of electron transfer process shows the dependence predicted by the classical theory of electron transfer.     

Novel,N-ethyl-2-styrylquinolinum iodides as fluorophores for monitoring of polymerization process,Part I

A series of of p-substituted 2-styrylquinolinium iodides were prepared by the condensation of N-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium salts with p-substituted benzaldehydes. The spectroscopic properties of the styryl quinolinium dyes are characterized in organic solvents of varying polarities. The electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the dyes demonstrate their high sensitivity to the nature of substituents introduced into the aromatic ring. The dyes were investigated as fluorescent probes for monitoring the progress of the photochemically initiated free-radical polymerization of a mixture of 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. During the course of the polymerization an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the dyes by at least one order of magnitude was recorded; a feature which renders the dyes as good fluorescent probes for such polymerization reactions. The term “probe sensitivity” has been defined and appears in the range from 0.08 to 11 for the styryl dyes.     

染料的可聚合改性及其应用研究

介绍了染料的结构改性发展历史、聚合方法和染料单体的结构特点,分析了染料进行可聚合改性后对性能的影响,探讨了一些新的染料的可聚合改性技术,并综述了近年来染料聚合改性在各领域的应用进展.     

Development of new dyeing photoinitiators for free radical polymerization based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline skeleton. IV.

Summary Several dyes containing 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline skeleton have been synthesized and evaluated as the novel photoinitiators for free radical polymerization induced in the UV region with the argon-ion laser. The kinetic study of photoinitiated polymerization, performed for viscous monomeric formulation with the use of thiophenoxyacetic acid has shown that the tested dyes are good dyeing photoinitiators. The results have shown that there is a linear relationship between the rate of polymerization and the square root of efficiency of the singlet oxygen formation. This finding clearly indicates that the electron transfer process between the tested dyes and electron donors occurs via triplet state. In the paper, it is also shown that the structure of the dye has a strong effect on its polymerization photoinitiation ability. The dyes tested were prepared in a way that allows, firstly, the elimination of the rotational freedom of selected parts of molecule and secondly, to increase the quantum yield of the triplet state formation. The latest was achieved by introducing to the molecule a heavy atom. The tested dyes absorb at the boundary of UV and visible region, therefore they might be considered as the potential photoinitiators for dental application. Received: 30 June 2000/Revised version: 30 September 2000/Accepted: 10 October 2000     

Diazobenzo[a]fluorene derivatives as visible photosensitizers for free radical polymerization

Several benzophenazine dyes containing a diazobenzo[a]fluorene moiety have been synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (CI MS). The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of these dyes were examined. These compounds were evaluated as potential light absorbing chromophores for free radical polymerization. The results are discussed on the basis of the free energy change for electron transfer from the diazobenzo[a]fluorene dyes to the electron donors/acceptors. The kinetic studies of the photoinitiated polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) using electron donors, such as phenylthioacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, N-phenylglycine and ethyl 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate, and electron acceptors, such as 1-methoxy-4-phenylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethoxy-2-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, have shown that these dyes are efficient photoinitiators for free radical polymerization in visible light. The heavy atoms present in the chemical structure may lead to excited triplet states within the dye facilitating electron transfer from these states.     

Controlled preparation of nanocolorants via a modified miniemulsion polymerization process

Nanocolorants were successfully prepared via a modified miniemulsion polymerization process into which styrene, a polar monomer, crosslinkers, a highly hydrophobic solvent, dyes, and so forth were introduced. The obtained nanocolorants were nanocomposite entities in which a fraction of dye molecules attached to the crosslinked macromolecular chains and more dye molecules formed clustering because of the phase separation between the dye and polymer during the polymerization process and were further embedded in the interior of the crosslinked polymer because of the high hydrophobicity of the dyes. The effects of the polar monomers, the amounts of the dyes dissolved in styrene, and the polymer crosslinking, as well as the effects of the water‐soluble and oil‐soluble initiator, the amount of the surfactant, and the ultrasonic homogenization time, on the preserving fastness of the dyes in the polymeric matrix and the morphology and particle size distribution of the nanocolorants were studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Fluorescent polyacrylonitrile with 1,8-naphthalimide side chains

The copolymerization of acrylonitrile with two polymerizable fluorescent naphthalimide dyes has been investigated. It was found that the monomeric dyes took part in the polymerization and 94–96% of initially 1 wt.-% (relative to acrylonitrile) were covalently bound in the polymer chain, and thus new fluorescent side-group copolymers were obtained. The absorption and basic photophysical characteristics of monomeric naphthalimid dyes and copolymers in dimethylformamide are reported.     

酸性染料可染丙烯腈共聚合及聚合物性能研究

采用丙烯腈(AN)、醋酸乙烯酯(VA)与自制碱性第三单体(TAM),以NaClO3-NaHSO3为引发剂,采用水相悬浮聚合法,合成了酸性染料可染丙烯腈共聚物。研究了其聚合反应条件和聚合物的染色性能。结果表明,在实验室确立的工艺条件下,聚合物具有较好的酸性染料可染性。     

Novel 6-bromo-3-ethyl-2-styrylbenzothiazolium <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butyl-triphenylborates as photoinitiators of trimethylolopropane triacrylate (TMPTA) polymerization

Summary The series of 6-bromo-3-ethyl-2-styrylbenzothiazolium n-butyltriphenylborates was synthesized and evaluated as photoinitiators of free radical polymerization. The dyes were obtained by the condensation reaction of the 6-bromo-3-ethyl-2-methylbenzothiazolium salts with different alkylaminobenzaldehydes. The resulting styrylbenzothiazole dyes (hemicyanine dyes) paired with n-butyltriphenylborate anion (SBrB2), are shown to be efficient photoinitiators for free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) induced with the visible emission of an argon-ion laser. The photochemistry of the novel hemicyanine borates was compared to the photochemistry of identical series of the dyes that do not possess the bromo substituent at benzothiazolium residue. The comparison has shown that the introduction of the bromine into benzothiazolium residue causes a small red shift of the electronic absorption maxima, changes the reduction potential of the dye and, finally, increases a photoinitiation ability of the dye.     

Xanthate‐mediated polymerization of styrene on hyperbranched polyethylenimine: Synthesis,characterization, and guest‐encapsulating property

Hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) is a highly polar, multifunctional polymer bearing active amines throughout its globular structure. In this article, the amino protons, which were incompatible with living radical polymerization techniques, were alkylated with propylene oxide, leading to tertiary amines and hydroxyls, and part of the hydroxyl groups were further transformed into xanthate groups. The HPEI‐xanthate could mediate the polymerization of styrene, leading to a star‐like, multiarm amphiphilic polymer. It was found that the polymerization was a hybrid of living and conventional radical processes. The resulting amphiphilic, core‐shell‐structured polymer existed as a unimolecular micelle (UIM) in apolar solvent and could irreversibly encapsulate water‐soluble anionic dyes. At high pH, the encapsulated dyes could be partly released. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009