聚苯醚与含有机硅嵌段共聚物共混的研究

利用差热扫描量热计（ＤＳＣ）、动态粘弹谱仪（ＤＤＶ）和力学性能测试等手段研究了ＰＰＯ／ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ、ＰＰＯ／ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ和ＰＰＯ／ＰＳ／ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ３个共混体系的形态结构和性能。结果表明，ＰＰＯ／ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ为一相容体系。当ＰＰＯ分子量与ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ中ＰＰＯ分子量相同时，ＰＰＯ／ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ与ＰＰＯ／ＰＳ／ＰＰＯ－ＰＨＳ－ＰＤＭＳ是两个相容体     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaM_yM_（1－y）~’O_3的结构与红外光谱研究

本文对Ｂ位二元复合钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＬａＭｙＭ１－ｙ’Ｏ３（Ｍ、Ｍ’＝Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ；ｙ＝０．０～１．０）的结构和红外光谱进行了研究．Ｂ位元素复合对Ｂ－Ｏ键强度有较大影响，Ｂ位离子之间的相互作用及ＢＯ６八面体畸变所导致的晶体结构的改变在红外光谱上有明显的反映，晶体结构的改变和红外光谱的变化有一定的对应关系．在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ体系中，几何因素对Ｂ－Ｏ键伸缩振动频率的变化起主导作用，在Ｍｎ－ＣＯ体系中电子因素起主导作用．     

具有双重相互作用PPO-PDMS-PHS_n/PPO共混相容性的研究

利用ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ研究了一种新的含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ与均聚物ＰＰＯ共混体系的相容性，结果表明，均聚物ＰＰＯ与ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的两种嵌段（ＰＰＯ和ＰＨＳ）有相容性，两种嵌段协同作用的结果提高了共混相容性的临界值，当均聚物ＰＰＯ的Ｍｎ为２００００时，ＰＰＯ嵌段的Ｍｎ为２００００，ＰＨＳ嵌段的Ｍｎ为５１６０时，ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＰＯ共混物为一相容体系。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaMyM‘1—yO3的结构与红外光谱研究

本对Ｂ位二元复合钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＬａＭｙＭ＇１－ｙＯ３（Ｍ、Ｍ＇＝Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ；ｙ＝０．０·１．０）的结构和红外光谱进行了研究。Ｂ位元素复合对Ｂ－Ｏ键强度有较大影响，Ｂ位离子之间的相互作用及ＢＯ６八面体畸变所导致的晶体结构的改变在红外光谱上有明显的反映，晶体结构的改变和红外光谱的变化有一定的对应关系。在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ体系中，几何因素对Ｂ－Ｏ键伸缩振动频率的变化起主导作用，在Ｍｎ－Ｃ     

PPO作为PPO-PDMS-PHS_n/PS增容剂的研究

导了一种新的共混增容体系，以均聚物ＰＰＯ作为不相容共混体系ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＳ的增容剂。ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ的研究结果表明，ＰＰＯ对ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ／ＰＳ共混体系确有增容作用，ＰＰＯ的含量在１３．５％以下时，ＰＳ、ＰＰＯ和ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的硬段相容为一相；ＰＰＯ的含量在２３．８％以上时，ＰＰＯ分布在ＰＳ相和ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ中的硬段相中，经ＰＰＯ增容后，材料的拉伸性能明显提高。     

具有双重相互作用（PPO—PDMS—PHS）n／PPO共混相容性的研究

利用ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ研究了一种新的含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物（ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ与均聚物ＰＰＯ共混体系的相容性，结果表明，均聚物ＰＰＯ与（ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ中的两种嵌段（ＰＰＯ和ＰＨＳ）有相容性，两种嵌段协和的结果提高了共混相容性的临界值，当均聚物ＰＰＯ的Ｍｎ为２００００时，ＰＰＯ嵌段的Ｍｎ为２００００，ＰＨＳ嵌段的Ｍ国５１６０时（ＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ）ｎ共混物的一相容体系。     

PPO作为[PPO—PDMS—PHS]n／PS增容剂的研究

报导了一种新的共混增容体系，以均聚物ＰＰＯ作为相容共混体系「ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ」ｍ／ＰＳ的增容剂，ＤＳＣ和ＤＭＡ的研究结果表明，ＰＰＯ对「ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ」ｎ／ＰＳ共混体系确有增容作用，ＰＰＯ的含量在１３．５％以下时，ＰＳ，ＰＰＰＯ「ＰＰＯ－ＰＤＭＳ－ＰＨＳ」ｎ中的硬段相容为一相；     

应用量子化学研究Ca2Fe2—xAl2O5的水化活性

用量子化学ＳＣＣ－ＤＶ－Ｘα方法分析了Ｃａ２Ｆｅ２－ｘＡｌｘＯ５体系听ａ２Ｆｅ２Ｏ５，Ｃａ２Ｆ３１．４３Ａｌ０．５７Ｏ５和Ｃａ２Ｆ３１．２８Ａｌ０．７２Ｏ５，认为它们的水化活性随Ａｌ的增加而提高的原因是：（１）Ａｌ的净电荷比Ｆｅ高，易吸收水分子的弧对电子；（２）Ａｌ－Ｏ键比Ｆｅ－Ｏ键弱，易断裂而容易与水反应。     

多嵌段聚氨酯与PVC及CPVC共混体系相容性的研究

采用示差扫描量热法研究了相同硬段及含量的３种不同类型软段的聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、氯化聚氯乙烯（ＣＰＶＣ）的相容性。结果表明，多嵌段聚氨酯与ＰＶＣ、ＣＰＶＣ的相容性次序为：ＰＣＬ－ＰＵＰＴＭＯ－ＰＵ＞ＰＰＯ－ＰＵ，而ＰＶＣ和ＣＰＶＣ在共混体系中具有相似的相容行为     

多嵌段聚氨酯与PVC与CPVD共混体系相容性的研究

采用示差扫描量热法研究了相同硬段及含量的３种不同类型软段的聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、氯化聚氯乙烯（ＣＰＶＣ）的相容性。结果表明，多嵌段聚氨酯与ＰＶＣ、ＣＰＶＣ的相容性次序为：ＰＣＬ－ＰＵ〉〉ＰＴＭＯ－ＰＵ〉ＰＰＯ－ＰＵ，而ＰＶＣ和ＣＰＶＣ在共混体系中具有相似的相容行为。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from